2025A&A...695A.226T

Query : 2025A&A...695A.226T

2025A&A...695A.226T - Astronomy and Astrophysics, volume 695A226 (2025/3-1)

Hertzsprung gap stars in nearby galaxies and the quest for luminous red nova progenitors.

TRANIN H., BLAGORODNOVA N., KARAMBELKAR V., GROOT P.J., BLOEMEN S., VREESWIJK P.M., PIETERSE D.L.A. and VAN ROESTEL J.

Abstract (from CDS):

Context. After the main sequence phase, stars more massive than 2.5 M⊙ rapidly evolve through the Hertzsprung gap as yellow giants and yellow supergiants (YSGs) before settling into the red giant branch. Identifying Hertzsprung gap stars in nearby galaxies is crucial for pinpointing progenitors of luminous red novae (LRNe) - astrophysical transients attributed to stellar mergers. In the era of extensive transient surveys like the Vera C. Rubin Observatory's Legacy Survey of Space and Time (LSST), this approach offers a new way to predict and select common envelope transients.
Aims. This study investigates potential progenitors and precursors of LRNe by analysing Hubble Space Telescope (HST) photometry of stellar populations in galaxies within ∼20 Mpc to identify YSG candidates. Additionally, we use the Zwicky Transient Facility and MeerLICHT/BlackGEM to identify possible precursors, preparing for future observations by the LSST.
Methods. We compiled a sample of 369 galaxies with HST exposures in the F 475W, F 555W, F 606W, and F814W filters. We identified YSG candidates using MESA stellar evolution tracks and statistical analysis of colour-magnitude diagrams.
Results. Our sample includes 154 494 YSG candidates with masses between 3 M⊙ and 20 M⊙ and is affected by various contaminants, notably foreground stars and extinguished main sequence stars. After excluding foreground stars using Gaia proper motions, contamination is estimated at 1% from foreground stars (based on TRILEGAL simulations) and ∼20% from extinction affecting main sequence stars. Combining our YSG candidates with time-domain catalogues yielded several interesting candidates. In particular, we identified 12 LRN precursor candidates for which follow-up is encouraged.
Conclusions. We highlight the importance of monitoring future transients that match YSG candidates to avoid missing potential LRNe and other rare transients. LSST will be a game changer in the search for LRN progenitors and precursors; it is predicted to discover over 300 000 new YSG candidates and 100 LRN precursors within 20 Mpc.

Abstract Copyright: © The Authors 2025

Journal keyword(s): binaries: general - stars: evolution - Hertzsprung-Russell and C-M diagrams - novae, cataclysmic variables - supergiants - galaxies: stellar content

VizieR on-line data: <Available at CDS (J/A+A/695/A226): table3.dat table4.dat>

Status at CDS : All or part of tables of objects will not be ingested in SIMBAD.

Simbad objects: 388

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Number of rows : 388
N Identifier Otype ICRS (J2000)
RA 		ICRS (J2000)
DEC 		Mag U Mag B Mag V Mag R Mag I Sp type #ref
1850 - 2026 		#notes
1 MCG-03-01-015 G 00 01 57.9 -15 27 50   11.50 11.10 10.93   ~ 782 2
2 NGC 7814 GiG 00 03 14.947 +16 08 42.82   12.0       ~ 313 1
3 MCG-05-01-031 EmG 00 05 31.86 -28 05 53.4   15.12   14.56 15.9 ~ 58 0
4 ESO 349-31 AG? 00 08 13.1536 -34 34 47.836   15.54   14.99   ~ 156 3
5 NGC 24 EmG 00 09 56.542 -24 57 47.27 12.12 12.20 11.58 11.46 11.5 ~ 269 1
6 AT 2018bwo ev 00 14 01.680 -23 11 35.38           ~ 22 0
7 NGC 45 Sy2 00 14 04.0072128696 -23 10 55.132646808 11.92 11.21 10.73 10.58 10.4 ~ 269 1
8 NGC 55 rG 00 14 53.602 -39 11 47.86 8.54 8.58 7.87 7.84   ~ 828 2
9 NGC 59 EmG 00 15 25.126 -21 26 39.68 14.01 13.21 12.59 12.31   ~ 111 0
10 ESO 410-5 LSB 00 15 31.21 -32 10 49.9   15.32 14.9 14.58   ~ 120 1
11 IC 10 rG 00 20 17.33520 +59 18 13.6480   13.6 9.5     ~ 1185 1
12 NAME Cetus Dwarf Galaxy G 00 26 10.8 -11 03 14     13.2     ~ 257 0
13 ESO 294-10 AG? 00 26 33.37 -41 51 19.1   15.76 15.3 14.97   ~ 122 2
14 NGC 185 Sy2 00 38 57.9400026024 +48 20 15.035874648   9.10 9.2     ~ 840 1
15 M 110 GiG 00 40 22.0572349992 +41 41 07.507220136   8.92 8.07     ~ 1370 1
16 AT 2019zhd No* 00 40 37.905 +40 34 52.85           ~ 18 0
17 AT 2020adbp No* 00 42 00.59 +41 08 48.3           ~ 4 0
18 M31N 2015-01a No* 00 42 07.99 +40 55 01.1           ~ 70 0
19 AT 2021ytf ev 00 42 08.888 +40 54 01.21           ~ 1 0
20 AT 2023wot No? 00 42 16.16 +41 16 25.4           ~ 2 0
21 AT 2016fbx ev 00 42 23.500 +41 17 19.79           ~ 1 0
22 M 32 GiG 00 42 41.82480 +40 51 54.6120 9.51 9.03 8.08     ~ 2236 2
23 M 31 AGN 00 42 44.330 +41 16 07.50 4.86 4.36 3.44     ~ 13622 1
24 IC 1574 AG? 00 43 03.82 -22 14 48.8 15.25 14.73 14.35 14.24 14.2 ~ 137 1
25 AT 2021tmm ev 00 43 32.003 +41 19 21.58           ~ 1 0
26 AT 2023wck ev 00 43 56.481 +41 13 55.96           ~ 1 0
27 AT 2021lzk V* 00 44 59.1792 +41 30 50.184           ~ 2 0
28 NAME Andromeda I G 00 45 39.8 +38 02 28   13.9 12.7     ~ 355 0
29 AT 2020aaqy ev 00 46 07.382 +41 38 48.42           ~ 1 0
30 NGC 247 LSB 00 47 08.554 -20 45 37.44 10.11 9.61 9.10 8.87   ~ 480 2
31 NGC 253 SyG 00 47 33.134 -25 17 19.68   8.03   6.94 8.1 ~ 3588 2
32 AT 2022llt ev 00 47 53.820 -25 12 29.81           ~ 1 0
33 MCG-04-03-019 G 00 49 49.3 -21 00 58 16.11 15.64 15.36 14.8 15.5 ~ 144 1
34 NGC 300 GiG 00 54 53.4465638304 -37 41 03.168402396 8.83 8.69 8.13 7.46   ~ 1614 2
35 SN 2020acli SN* 00 55 08.916 -37 44 19.85           SNIIn-pec 1 0
36 IC 1613 GiC 01 04 48.4071 +02 07 10.185   10.42 10.01 9.77   ~ 1316 2
37 Z 458-20 AG? 01 07 23.0321 +16 41 00.988 15.01 14.55 14.07     ~ 148 0
38 NGC 450 H2G 01 15 30.4565036568 -00 51 39.125259576   13.4   13.3 13.2 ~ 240 0
39 M 33 GiG 01 33 50.8965749232 +30 39 36.630403128 6.17 6.27 5.72     ~ 6226 1
40 NGC 625 AGN 01 35 04.632 -41 26 10.32 12.37 11.78 11.25 11.03 11.5 ~ 312 2
41 M 74 G 01 36 41.7451236624 +15 47 01.107512304 10.52 10.00 9.46 9.16   ~ 1934 1
42 AT 2019krl SN? 01 36 49.629 +15 46 46.07           ~ 16 0
43 MCG-07-04-032 AG? 01 45 03.74 -43 35 52.9 13.45 12.92 12.63 12.51 12.8 ~ 152 1
44 IC 1727 GiP 01 47 29.890 +27 20 00.06   12.54 11.98 11.77   ~ 216 0
45 NGC 672 GiP 01 47 54.4764771528 +27 25 58.020709728 12.04 11.60 11.09 10.81   ~ 304 0
46 Z 503-26 LSB 01 49 31.71 +32 35 16.2   13.0       ~ 171 0
47 NAME Phoenix Dwarf Galaxy Sy1 01 51 06.3 -44 26 41   13.48 13.2 12.69   ~ 575 2
48 NGC 784 LSB 02 01 16.932 +28 50 14.13 12.97 12.50 12.07 11.83   ~ 212 0
49 NAME Cas 1 G 02 06 07.9 +69 00 36     14.62     ~ 53 0
50 NGC 891 H2G 02 22 32.907 +42 20 53.95 11.08 10.81 9.93 7.86   ~ 1741 2
51 ESO 115-21 G 02 37 49.563 -61 19 53.77 14.14 13.52 13.13 12.95   ~ 100 1
52 MCG-06-07-001 G 02 39 59.3 -34 26 57   9.02 7.4     ~ 1894 1
53 NGC 1058 Sy2 02 43 30.0264850248 +37 20 28.782851784   12.29 11.75 10.85   ~ 483 0
54 Z 389-24 AG? 02 49 08.60 +02 07 38.2   15.3       ~ 62 0
55 ESO 154-23 AG? 02 56 50.38 -54 34 17.1   12.63   12.18 12.5 ~ 123 0
56 NGC 1156 GiG 02 59 42.8528847264 +25 14 28.352017320 12.13 12.32 11.74     ~ 323 1
57 NAME Magellanic Clouds GrG 03 00 -71.0           ~ 7988 0
58 NGC 1269 EmG 03 17 18.5785534752 -41 06 28.628735184 9.85 9.83 8.81 8.72   ~ 445 1
59 NGC 1313 AG? 03 18 16.046 -66 29 53.74   10.06 10.0 9.40 10.4 ~ 723 2
60 NGC 1300 Sy2 03 19 41.0462219928 -19 24 40.187565432   11.16 10.42 9.90 10.7 ~ 616 0
61 NGC 1311 Sy2 03 20 06.946 -52 11 07.76 13.89 13.35 12.93 12.75 13.1 ~ 136 0
62 Z 464-15 LSB 03 24 07.257 +17 45 10.94 15.09 14.58 14.11 13.88   ~ 59 0
63 NGC 1340 GiG 03 28 19.6251763296 -31 04 05.435465520   11.20 10.32 9.70   ~ 222 1
64 IC 1959 GiG 03 33 12.576 -50 24 51.13 13.52 13.32 12.96 12.75 12.7 ~ 119 0
65 NGC 1375 GiG 03 35 16.8025873104 -35 15 56.371399740 13.50 13.02 12.40 11.74   ~ 175 1
66 NGC 1433 Sy2 03 42 01.4847418992 -47 13 18.929092656   10.84 9.99 9.61 10.2 ~ 447 0
67 IC 342 AGN 03 46 48.514 +68 05 45.98   10.5       ~ 1579 1
68 NGC 1487 GiP 03 55 46.5 -42 22 01   12.28 11.68 11.74 11.02 ~ 124 0
69 Z 327-10 AG? 03 56 04.12 +72 55 16.9   14.7       ~ 43 0
70 UGCA 86 AG? 03 59 48.30 +67 08 18.6   14.2 14.2     ~ 110 0
71 NGC 1510 GiP 04 03 32.640 -43 24 00.58 14.23 13.63 13.24 13.09   ~ 201 1
72 NGC 1512 GiP 04 03 54.281 -43 20 55.86 11.30 11.43 10.54 10.37   ~ 457 1
73 NGC 1527 GiG 04 08 24.0893742048 -47 53 48.933087108   11.73   10.25   ~ 84 0
74 NGC 1531 GiP 04 11 59.329 -32 51 02.85   13.11   12.12   ~ 71 0
75 NGC 1532 GiP 04 12 04.3612491792 -32 52 26.960041056   10.65   9.34 10.4 ~ 164 0
76 NGC 1559 GiG 04 17 35.7508602240 -62 47 01.251567384   11.19 10.45 10.11 10.4 ~ 325 1
77 NGC 1566 Sy1 04 20 00.3968473248 -54 56 16.624708764 10.29 10.19 9.73 9.21 10.1 ~ 1051 2
78 NAME Camel Galaxy LSB 04 25 16.6 +72 48 24   14.85       ~ 59 0
79 NGC 1569 rG 04 30 49.186 +64 50 52.52 11.72 11.86 11.03     ~ 1297 3
80 NGC 1560 GiG 04 32 49.087 +71 52 59.20   12.1       ~ 264 0
81 NGC 1705 Sy2 04 54 13.4661493464 -53 21 39.471592428 12.32 12.96 12.56 12.58 12.9 ~ 692 1
82 MCG-04-12-041 AG? 05 03 19.69 -25 25 22.5 14.89 14.41 14.03 13.87 14.0 ~ 65 0
83 Z 283-4 GiG 05 14 15.3240846648 +62 34 47.964904644   15.3       ~ 90 1
84 ESO 553-46 EmG 05 27 05.7085630128 -20 40 41.031812136   14.60   13.00 14.6 ~ 43 0
85 NGC 2082 GiG 05 41 51.0901098120 -64 18 03.828857148   12.79   11.45 11.6 ~ 101 0
86 ESO 364-29 G 06 05 44.0 -33 05 00   13.60   13.23 13.2 ~ 48 0
87 2MASX J06071970-3412161 GiC 06 07 19.704 -34 12 16.15   14.3   13.74 14.0 ~ 46 0
88 ESO 121-6 Sy2 06 07 29.855 -61 48 27.28   13.45   12.09 12.2 ~ 98 0
89 NGC 2188 EmG 06 10 09.8934 -34 06 14.168   12.10 11.82 11.39   ~ 115 0
90 ESO 121-20 AG? 06 15 54.19 -57 43 31.7   15.85   15.49 15.6 ~ 63 1
91 Z 175-2 AG? 06 30 28.30 +33 18 02.0   15.7       ~ 42 0
92 MCG-04-16-013 AG? 06 37 57.09 -26 00 03.1   13.71   12.80 12.9 ~ 54 1
93 ESO 206-20A G 06 41 36.7 -50 57 58   22.14 11.0 19.47   ~ 1190 0
94 V* V838 Mon CV* 07 04 04.8221494992 -03 50 50.648894412       15.181 14.51 M10+B3V 462 1
95 NAME Argo Dwarf Irregular G 07 05 17.4 -58 31 13   14.2       ~ 53 0
96 UGC 3698 AG? 07 09 18.75 +44 22 48.2   17       ~ 45 0
97 NGC 2337 rG 07 10 13.6374445464 +44 27 26.716619844   13.1       ~ 94 1
98 Z 57-6 AG? 07 13 51.60 +10 31 19.0   14.9       ~ 105 0
99 ESO 162-17 EmG 07 15 54.5512217856 -57 20 36.282624972   13.5   13.3 12.8 ~ 61 0
100 Z 206-10 AG? 07 28 17.724 +40 46 11.36   15.50       ~ 155 0
101 NGC 2366 H2G 07 28 52.4529 +69 12 38.859 12.25 11.86 11.39 11.33   ~ 801 0
102 ESO 59-1 AG? 07 31 18.20 -68 11 16.8   13.74   12.80 13.7 ~ 81 1
103 UGCA 133 G 07 34 11.5 +66 52 47 16.40 15.48 14.80 14.76   ~ 93 0
104 Z 30-2 AG? 07 34 12.636 +04 32 47.19   14.5       ~ 31 0
105 NGC 2403 AGN 07 36 51.3381434280 +65 36 09.650825640 9.31 8.84 8.38 8.19   ~ 1887 1
106 AT 2016ccd ev 07 37 04.205 +65 35 46.99           ~ 2 0
107 MCG+07-16-011 AG? 07 41 25.777 +40 06 46.05   16.0       ~ 125 0
108 Z 87-30 G 07 41 56.3059298112 +16 48 07.451632188   15.4       ~ 233 0
109 [KK98a] 073940.2+164047 G 07 42 31.2 +16 33 40   15.6       ~ 52 0
110 Z 262-28 AG? 07 47 31.944 +51 11 28.95   14.8       ~ 33 0
111 Z 88-7 G 07 57 01.027 +14 23 47.66   16.0       ~ 161 0
112 ESO 209-9 GiG 07 58 15.009 -49 51 05.08   12.68   12.1 11.8 ~ 83 0
113 NGC 2500 GiG 08 01 53.1717201720 +50 44 13.602483780 11.98 12.20 11.62 11.34 10.85 ~ 215 2
114 NGC 2525 EmG 08 05 38.0398320744 -11 25 37.363916496   11.8   10.72 11.5 ~ 115 0
115 IC 2233 LSB 08 13 58.909 +45 44 31.74 12.87 13.41 12.63 12.80   ~ 253 1
116 NGC 2541 GiG 08 14 40.1160678912 +49 03 42.021679932 12.03 12.26 11.80     ~ 333 1
117 UGC 4305 IG 08 19 04.9864630512 +70 43 13.086910452 12.06 11.72 11.39 11.11   ~ 812 2
118 ESO 6-1 AG? 08 19 22.1394597504 -85 08 35.693588832   15.16   13.94   ~ 25 0
119 MCG+07-18-004 LSB 08 28 28.560 +41 51 27.13   18       ~ 175 0
120 Z 311-8 GiG 08 34 07.20 +66 10 54.0 15.39 15.03 14.70 14.49   ~ 357 2
121 MCG-04-21-005 AGN 08 36 15.190 -26 24 33.66 12.04 11.93 11.45 11.09 12.3 ~ 600 3
122 Z 331-51 GiG 08 37 03.00 +69 46 31.0 15.70 15.46 14.98 14.89   ~ 316 0
123 MCG-04-21-009 Sy1 08 49 06.031 -26 19 18.34   14.87   13.76   ~ 23 0
124 NGC 2683 AGN 08 52 41.3064829584 +33 25 18.597681516 11.57 10.68 9.79 9.38   ~ 475 1
125 Z 264-88 AG? 09 16 02.0195908968 +52 50 42.051257412   14.0 13.2     ~ 141 0
126 NGC 2835 EmG 09 17 52.8523921416 -22 21 16.839119700   11.03   10.32 10.9 ~ 285 0
127 NGC 2915 AG? 09 26 11.532 -76 37 34.75 13.13 12.93 12.68 11.90 12.8 ~ 371 2
128 NGC 2903 AGN 09 32 10.111 +21 30 02.99 10.44 9.75 9.07 8.68   ~ 1204 3
129 MCG-05-23-006 GiG 09 33 21.508 -33 02 00.63   12.1   12.2 11.9 ~ 56 0
130 Z 332-57 LSB 09 40 32.33 +71 10 56.0 14.53 14.00 13.66 13.41   ~ 372 1
131 NAME F8D1 G 09 44 47.1 +67 26 19   14.60 13.85     ~ 80 0
132 NGC 2976 GiG 09 47 15.458 +67 54 58.97 11.77 11.03 10.16 9.51   ~ 712 1
133 NGC 3003 EmG 09 48 35.580 +33 25 17.83   12.3       ~ 225 0
134 UGC 5288 PaG 09 51 17.241 +07 49 32.05 15.07 14.65 14.18 13.99   ~ 95 0
135 M 81 Sy2 09 55 33.1726556496 +69 03 55.062505368   7.89 6.94     ~ 4725 3
136 M 82 AGN 09 55 52.430 +69 40 46.93 9.61 9.30 8.41     ~ 6156 6
137 Z 153-5 AG? 09 56 46.047 +28 49 43.77 14.82 14.74 14.59 14.55 26.509 ~ 252 1
138 MCG+12-10-012 AG? 09 57 32.8632 +69 02 50.735 15.19 15.15 14.10 14.12   ~ 327 4
139 Z 153-10 G 09 59 26.46 +30 44 47.0 14.08 13.54 13.26 13.33   ~ 652 0
140 Z 36-12 H2G 10 00 00.8217342072 +05 20 09.533389560 12.77 12.25 11.89 11.71   ~ 569 0
141 MCG-01-26-012 GiG 10 02 36.00 -06 00 49.0 15.70 15.16 14.74 14.55 14.3 ~ 82 0
142 NGC 3109 AG? 10 03 06.877 -26 09 34.46 11.10 10.42 10.04 9.91   ~ 825 2
143 NGC 3077 GiP 10 03 19.0965510921 +68 44 01.556166166 11.23 10.85 10.14 9.74   ~ 808 0
144 NAME Antlia Dwarf Galaxy G 10 04 03.9 -27 20 01 16.73 15.69 15.17 15.00   ~ 221 1
145 Z 153-14 AG? 10 04 40.949 +29 21 51.54   15.2       ~ 75 0
146 UGC 5428 AG? 10 05 06.40 +66 33 32.0 17.89 16.82 16.09 15.73   ~ 113 1
147 Z 333-17 LSB 10 05 30.45024 +70 21 51.4253 15.95 15.56 15.09 14.87   ~ 214 1
148 NGC 3125 AGN 10 06 33.318 -29 56 07.32 13.03 13.45 13.00 12.50 13.4 ~ 253 2
149 Z 64-68 AG? 10 07 20.182 +10 21 40.16   13.78   13.24   ~ 125 0
150 Z 64-73 G 10 08 28.12 +12 18 23.4   11.3 10.0     ~ 1284 1
151 MCG-01-26-030 H2G 10 11 00.5 -04 41 30 12.48 12.13 11.93 11.78   ~ 789 2
152 Z 313-5 AG? 10 12 48.017 +64 06 28.52   15.7       ~ 29 0
153 NGC 3198 EmG 10 19 54.990 +45 32 58.88 10.83 10.87 10.33     ~ 946 1
154 NGC 3239 AG? 10 25 04.867 +17 09 49.21   13.5       ~ 202 0
155 DDO 78 G 10 26 27.9 +67 39 24   15.8       ~ 88 1
156 IC 2574 AG? 10 28 23.6148831408 +68 24 43.440012756 11.70 11.07 10.87 10.74   ~ 703 1
157 Z 333-35 GiG 10 30 35.03 +70 37 07.2 14.81 13.69 13.01 12.73   ~ 140 0
158 NGC 3287 H2G 10 34 47.2748599104 +21 38 54.041074584   12.9       ~ 135 0
159 AT 2023wgz ev 10 38 45.010 +53 30 06.10           ~ 1 0
160 NGC 3310 AGN 10 38 45.85707 +53 30 11.8940   12.45 12.15     ~ 809 1
161 NGC 3319 SyG 10 39 09.533 +41 41 12.74   11.48 11.07     ~ 325 1
162 Z 9-95 EmG 10 39 25.193 +01 43 09.08 15.68 15.07 14.59 14.37 14.4 ~ 58 0
163 AT 2021blu s*b 10 42 34.347 +34 26 14.57           LBV 7 0
164 Z 184-6 AG? 10 42 42.787 +34 26 57.39   13.31 13.09 12.84 12.85 ~ 173 0
165 ESO 376-16 AG? 10 43 27.06 -37 02 33.4   15.44   14.64 15.1 ~ 29 0
166 NGC 3344 EmG 10 43 31.150 +24 55 19.99 10.38 10.54 9.86 9.71   ~ 434 1
167 M 95 GiP 10 43 57.7313485800 +11 42 13.301191332 10.71 10.51 9.73 9.48   ~ 1238 2
168 M 96 GiP 10 46 45.744 +11 49 11.78 10.42 10.15 9.25 8.99   ~ 862 1
169 ESO 318-13 AG? 10 47 41.60 -38 51 13.2   15.02   13.96   ~ 45 0
170 NGC 3377 GiP 10 47 42.400 +13 59 08.30 11.55 11.24 10.38     ~ 798 1
171 M 105 LIN 10 47 49.600 +12 34 53.87   10.56 9.76 9.12 8.18 ~ 1504 0
172 NGC 3384 GiG 10 48 16.8855574392 +12 37 45.371165844   10.0       ~ 617 1
173 MCG+11-13-039 GiG 10 49 36.412 +65 32 01.07 15.55 15.27 14.79 14.55   ~ 170 0
174 NGC 3432 AG? 10 52 31.132 +36 37 07.60   11.81 11.67 11.29   ~ 321 1
175 NGC 3447 GiP 10 53 23.9671116744 +16 46 20.741661336   14.3       ~ 115 0
176 NGC 3447b GiP 10 53 29.656 +16 47 09.64   14.3       ~ 31 0
177 NGC 3513 EmG 11 03 46.080 -23 14 43.73   12.16   11.11   ~ 131 0
178 Z 126-111 G 11 13 28.13 +22 09 10.1   12.9 12.0     ~ 899 0
179 NGC 3621 Sy2 11 18 16.300 -32 48 45.36 10.10 9.44 9.56 8.07 10.1 ~ 661 3
180 SN 2024ggi SN* 11 18 22.087 -32 50 15.27           SNII 50 0
181 M 66 AGN 11 20 15.0 +12 59 29 9.85 9.65 8.92     ~ 1509 4
182 SN 2016bau SN* 11 20 59.02 +53 10 25.6           SNIb 26 0
183 NGC 3631 AG? 11 21 02.8871865144 +53 10 10.415331660   11.0       ~ 385 1
184 Z 351-62 bCG 11 27 59.90 +78 59 39.0   14.50       ~ 346 1
185 Z 242-46 bCG 11 33 29.12 +49 14 17.4 14.69 14.61 14.25 14.17   ~ 242 1
186 NGC 3738 AGN 11 35 48.982 +54 31 24.70   12.12 12.04 11.56   ~ 303 0
187 NGC 3741 AG? 11 36 05.754 +45 17 02.96 15.01 14.55 14.23 14.06   ~ 237 0
188 ESO 320-14 AG? 11 37 53.24 -39 13 13.2   15.85   15.17 16.0 ~ 48 0
189 NGC 3810 GiC 11 40 58.7615811624 +11 28 15.808680696   11.4       ~ 351 2
190 NGC 3906 AG? 11 49 40.496 +48 25 33.46   14.1       ~ 103 0
191 Z 214-32 AG? 11 50 52.98254 +38 52 50.6594   13.72 13.9 13.39   ~ 175 0
192 NGC 3930 GiG 11 51 46.025 +38 00 54.48   13.5       ~ 89 0
193 NGC 3938 GiG 11 52 49.4335936248 +44 07 14.697085116 10.80 10.90 10.38     ~ 566 1
194 MCG-03-31-006 EmG 11 58 58.114 -19 01 47.67   14.19 17.8 13.41 14.4 ~ 91 0
195 NGC 4051 Sy1 12 03 09.6101337312 +44 31 52.682601288   11.08 12.92 9.94   ~ 2270 1
196 NGC 4068 AG? 12 04 03.265 +52 35 26.05   13.29   12.77   ~ 189 0
197 Z 187-15 LSB 12 09 56.466 +36 26 03.34   15.5       ~ 44 0
198 NGC 4144 GiG 12 09 58.601 +46 27 25.85   12.17   11.50   ~ 260 0
199 IC 3023 LSB 12 10 01.744 +14 22 00.74   16.0       ~ 89 0
200 NGC 4151 Sy1 12 10 32.5759813872 +39 24 21.063527532   12.18 11.48     ~ 3938 2
201 NGC 4163 LSB 12 12 09.34 +36 10 08.1 14.33 13.70 13.2 12.98   ~ 238 0
202 NGC 4183 GiG 12 13 16.860 +43 41 53.77   13.5       ~ 213 0
203 NGC 4190 LSB 12 13 44.765 +36 38 02.49 13.88 13.40 13.25 12.86   ~ 224 0
204 ESO 321-14 AG? 12 13 48.8792 -38 14 00.250 16.32 15.70 15.35 15.20 15.2 ~ 92 0
205 Z 315-26 AG? 12 14 08.40 +66 05 41.0   14.60       ~ 89 1
206 NGC 4206 SyG 12 15 16.8236744928 +13 01 26.410149444 12.81 12.82 12.15     ~ 246 1
207 NGC 4228 SBG 12 15 39.174 +36 19 36.80 10.63 10.30 9.93 9.74   ~ 1017 1
208 Z 269-49 AG? 12 15 46.626 +52 23 13.91   15.3       ~ 75 0
209 MCG+09-20-137 LSB 12 16 30.415 +52 13 45.40   17       ~ 81 1
210 NGC 4236 GiG 12 16 42.118 +69 27 45.25 10.97 10.58 10.08 9.90   ~ 415 1
211 NGC 4244 GiG 12 17 29.659 +37 48 25.60   10.71   9.99   ~ 582 1
212 NGC 4242 GiG 12 17 30.1835103480 +45 37 09.508940220   11.37 10.83     ~ 285 1
213 NGC 4248 GiG 12 17 49.8429850848 +47 24 33.085192824   13.12 12.53     ~ 129 1
214 IC 3104 AG? 12 18 46.06 -79 43 33.9   13.65 12.8 12.04   ~ 93 1
215 M 99 H2G 12 18 49.625 +14 24 59.36 10.45 10.44 9.87     ~ 1004 2
216 M 106 Sy2 12 18 57.620 +47 18 13.39   9.14 8.41 8.11   ~ 2512 4
217 NGC 4274 LIN 12 19 50.5930710456 +29 36 53.238538764 11.78 11.34 10.41     ~ 263 1
218 Z 244-7 GiG 12 21 15.01 +45 48 40.8   14.8       ~ 123 2
219 NGC 4298 GiC 12 21 32.7578814360 +14 36 22.048690716   12.04 11.34     ~ 358 1
220 MCG+03-32-011 LSB 12 22 07.449 +15 47 59.28   19       ~ 72 1
221 NGC 4328 GiG 12 23 20.0385680184 +15 49 13.327474224   14.04       ~ 96 1
222 M 85 GiP 12 25 24.053 +18 11 27.89   10.2       ~ 678 0
223 Z 14-33 LSB 12 25 40.875 +02 09 33.36   16.706   16.629   ~ 64 0
224 NGC 4395 Sy2 12 25 48.8633109888 +33 32 48.700168152 10.84 10.54 10.11 9.98   ~ 1286 1
225 NGC 4393 GiG 12 25 51.3241046904 +27 33 38.847608496   13.8       ~ 86 0
226 NGC 4394 GiP 12 25 55.6366312872 +18 12 50.110707636   11.9       ~ 379 0
227 NGC 4402 GiC 12 26 07.65312 +13 06 47.9376   12.55       ~ 421 2
228 Z 244-18 bCG 12 26 15.69 +48 29 38.3   15.3       ~ 364 0
229 Z 187-44 GiP 12 27 05.566 +37 08 30.39   14.19   13.55   ~ 217 0
230 NGC 4424 H2G 12 27 11.5741235616 +09 25 14.330453700   13.1       ~ 407 0
231 AT 2019ejn ev 12 28 09.121 +44 06 40.69           ~ 1 0
232 AT 2018mmb ev 12 28 09.510 +44 05 08.02           ~ 1 0
233 NGC 4449 EmG 12 28 11.118 +44 05 36.81 10.11 9.98 9.64 9.45   ~ 1192 1
234 Z 187-46 GiP 12 28 28.084 +37 14 05.36   15.6       ~ 105 0
235 Z 187-47 GiG 12 28 38.743 +35 43 02.91 15.50 15.12 14.86 14.78   ~ 130 1
236 NGC 4455 EmG 12 28 44.1242000448 +22 49 13.538159508   15.5       ~ 222 0
237 MCG+07-26-011 AG? 12 28 52.298 +42 10 40.09   15       ~ 43 0
238 IC 3418 LIN 12 29 43.919 +11 24 16.87   16.5       ~ 127 1
239 NGC 4478 GiP 12 30 17.4160005576 +12 19 42.790577160 12.82 12.36 11.45   10.17 ~ 508 1
240 MCG+07-26-012 AG? 12 30 23.574 +42 54 05.76   15       ~ 40 0
241 NGC 4485 GiP 12 30 31.113 +41 42 04.22 12.10 12.42 11.93 11.93   ~ 305 2
242 NGC 4490 GiG 12 30 34.5 +41 38 26 10.03 10.22 9.79     ~ 616 3
243 AT 2011kp ev 12 30 41.85 +41 37 49.8           ~ 45 0
244 NAME Virgo Cluster ClG 12 30 47.8 +12 23 07           ~ 7107 0
245 M 87 AGN 12 30 49.42338414 +12 23 28.0436859 10.16 9.59 8.63   7.49 ~ 7815 3
246 NGC 4486A GiG 12 30 57.7095721176 +12 16 13.316512872   11.2 11.59 12.02   ~ 242 1
247 NGC 4496 GiP 12 31 39.2222392512 +03 56 21.641352828   11.71       ~ 376 0
248 LEDA 169494 AG? 12 31 53.853 +14 18 23.37   17       ~ 19 0
249 Z 216-9 LSB 12 32 00.403 +39 49 54.21   13.9       ~ 58 0
250 IC 3476 GiC 12 32 41.744 +14 03 05.81   13.5       ~ 221 0
251 NGC 4437 AGN 12 32 45.586 +00 06 54.14   11.1   11.1 10.6 ~ 307 0
252 Z 159-13 GiC 12 32 54.5 +31 32 30   13.50   13.03   ~ 180 0
253 NGC 4522 GiG 12 33 39.657 +09 10 29.54   13.6       ~ 396 0
254 NGC 4526 GiC 12 34 03.02853 +07 41 56.9040   10.6       ~ 707 0
255 NGC 4527 AGN 12 34 08.49600 +02 39 13.7160   12.4       ~ 549 2
256 NGC 4559 H2G 12 35 57.6402869976 +27 57 35.859278160   10.46 10.01     ~ 667 1
257 NGC 4565 Sy2 12 36 20.804 +25 59 14.61   13.61 12.43     ~ 991 0
258 IC 3583 GiG 12 36 43.558 +13 15 32.93   13.31       ~ 189 1
259 NGC 4571 GiC 12 36 56.3722998960 +14 13 02.296534836   13.6       ~ 368 1
260 UGCA 290 IG 12 37 21.7 +38 44 28   17       ~ 75 1
261 NGC 4592 EmG 12 39 18.7543040040 -00 31 55.529665824   12.4   12.3 12.1 ~ 159 0
262 NGC 4605 GiG 12 39 59.2837284936 +61 36 32.822365392   10.94   10.35   ~ 347 2
263 M 104 LIN 12 39 59.43185902 -11 37 22.9961800 9.51 9.55 8.00 8.05   ~ 1465 2
264 NGC 4625 SyG 12 41 52.7121819576 +41 16 26.115765780 12.74 12.92 12.35     ~ 383 2
265 NGC 4627 GiG 12 41 59.9679553813 +32 34 24.810713707 13.16 13.06 12.43     ~ 156 1
266 ATLAS 21dfy ev 12 42 04.025 +32 32 07.88           ~ 12 0
267 NGC 4631 GiC 12 42 08.009 +32 32 29.44   9.78 9.19 9.10   ~ 1154 3
268 IC 3687 GiG 12 42 15.1540831512 +38 30 05.844632940   15.5       ~ 153 0
269 NGC 4656 GiP 12 43 57.6889089768 +32 10 13.345914504   10.96 10.52     ~ 385 3
270 ESO 381-18 EmG 12 44 42.39 -35 58 00.2   15.79   14.84 15.1 ~ 59 0
271 MCG-06-28-017 AG? 12 46 00.67 -33 50 13.0   14.24   13.50 14.0 ~ 91 0
272 LEDA 43072 LSB 12 46 15.297 +10 12 20.14   16       ~ 80 0
273 NGC 4707 AG? 12 48 21.666 +51 09 53.81   15.2       ~ 113 0
274 M 94 SyG 12 50 53.0737971432 +41 07 12.900884628 9.15 8.96 8.24 7.78   ~ 1476 2
275 MCG-02-33-047 GiG 12 53 56.5587 -12 06 19.455   14.0   14.2 14.1 ~ 59 0
276 NGC 4789A GiC 12 54 05.248 +27 08 58.67 14.37 14.23 13.95 13.84   ~ 614 1
277 M 64 SyG 12 56 43.696 +21 40 57.57   9.36 8.52     ~ 1010 2
278 Z 71-87 H2G 12 58 40.1930636208 +14 13 00.739589628 15.24 15.16 14.98 14.81   ~ 475 0
279 NGC 4861 H2G 12 59 02.340 +34 51 33.98   12.90 12.32     ~ 389 2
280 NGC 4900 AGN 13 00 39.1193785512 +02 30 05.154593868   12.8       ~ 267 1
281 MCG-03-33-027 GiP 13 02 14.39 -17 14 15.1 15.59 14.82 14.34 14.23   ~ 79 0
282 MCG-03-33-030 GiP 13 03 16.736 -17 25 22.91 13.98 13.42 13.09 12.96 13.3 ~ 135 0
283 NGC 4945 Sy2 13 05 27.279 -49 28 04.44   9.31 14.40 7.55   ~ 1582 2
284 IC 4182 BiC 13 05 48.7478324064 +37 36 12.965157684   11.86   11.40   ~ 344 1
285 Z 316-9 AG? 13 06 24.85 +67 42 25.0 14.08 13.61 13.08 12.98   ~ 268 1
286 MCG+08-24-048 AG? 13 08 03.552 +46 49 40.02   17       ~ 79 0
287 Z 352-57 AG? 13 08 36.295 +78 56 13.93 15.14 14.54 14.08 13.86   ~ 46 0
288 ESO 269-58 AG? 13 10 32.8047 -46 59 37.747   12.50   11.31   ~ 76 0
289 NGC 5023 EmG 13 12 11.8036148808 +44 02 17.328663600   13.2       ~ 265 0
290 Z 217-18 LSB 13 12 51.779 +40 32 35.21   15.0       ~ 33 0
291 ESO 269-66 GiC 13 13 09.2 -44 53 23   14.14       ~ 64 0
292 NGC 5011C GiC 13 13 11.88 -43 15 55.7   14.25       ~ 38 1
293 MCG+08-24-090 AG? 13 13 22.839 +46 19 21.71   17       ~ 135 1
294 Z 245-36 AG? 13 14 27.997 +45 55 11.14 13.63 13.26 13.02 12.81   ~ 297 0
295 Z 245-38 AG? 13 15 29.753 +47 29 58.69   15.6       ~ 114 1
296 NGC 5068 AG? 13 18 54.807 -21 02 20.76 11.24 10.53 10.01 9.78 10.1 ~ 354 0
297 AT 2020hat SN? 13 19 01.927 -21 03 16.37           ~ 13 0
298 NGC 5102 EmG 13 21 57.6100832352 -36 37 48.395156160   9.74 9.65 8.47 10.2 ~ 389 1
299 NAME Centaurus A BLL 13 25 27.61521044 -43 01 08.8050291   8.18 6.84 6.66   ~ 4774 3
300 IC 4247 EmG 13 26 44.43 -30 21 44.7 15.34 14.67 14.28 14.13 14.53 ~ 99 0
301 ESO 324-24 LSB 13 27 37.6117 -41 28 44.128   12.91   12.13 12.3 ~ 107 0
302 NGC 5204 LSB 13 29 36.508 +58 25 07.43   11.84   11.37   ~ 494 0
303 M 51 Sy2 13 29 52.698 +47 11 42.93   9.26 8.36 8.40   ~ 4565 4
304 Z 271-48 EmG 13 30 44.8682655624 +54 54 38.522749824 14.72 14.25 13.90 13.75   ~ 218 0
305 NGC 5206 GiG 13 33 43.9615937880 -48 09 03.953598228   11.62   10.40   ~ 121 0
306 NGC 5229 LSB 13 34 02.831 +47 54 55.68   14.6       ~ 149 0
307 NGC 5238 GiP 13 34 42.5146948080 +51 36 49.168365696   14.2       ~ 143 0
308 MCG-07-28-004 AG? 13 34 47.30 -45 32 51.0   11.69 11.40 10.03 11.2 ~ 85 0
309 ESO 444-78 GiC 13 36 30.7829 -29 14 10.181   15.49   14.81 15.0 ~ 97 0
310 LEDA 166170 G 13 36 36.0 -29 34 15   14.3       ~ 55 0
311 M 83 SBG 13 37 00.91920 -29 51 56.7400 8.85 8.11 7.52 7.21   ~ 2778 2
312 ESO 444-84 GiC 13 37 19.99 -28 02 42.0 16.04 15.34 15.05 15.05 14.9 ~ 133 1
313 NGC 5237 EmG 13 37 39.056 -42 50 48.90   13.26 12.67 12.34   ~ 116 1
314 Z 131-18 EmG 13 39 19.348 +24 46 27.77 15.21 14.84 14.46 14.29   ~ 94 0
315 Z 218-34 AG? 13 39 53.75 +40 44 25.3 15.37 14.56 14.20 14.10   ~ 165 0
316 NGC 5253 rG 13 39 55.990 -31 38 24.11 11.48 10.94 10.49 10.33 13.47 ~ 1421 4
317 NGC 5264 GiG 13 41 36.683 -29 54 47.25 13.86 12.96 12.39 12.14 15.83 ~ 164 1
318 ESO 325-11 AG? 13 45 01.0528 -41 51 45.993   14.02   13.49 12.9 ~ 113 0
319 MCG-06-30-025 EmG 13 49 17.5109711256 -36 03 48.860478360   11.00   10.11   ~ 120 1
320 Z 190-66 AG? 13 50 51.3127548768 +38 01 14.958828876 15.56 14.78   14.33   ~ 161 0
321 Z 272-13 AG? 13 54 45.602 +53 54 20.06   14.2       ~ 219 0
322 MCG+06-31-023 AG? 13 54 48.8114 +35 50 07.775   16.5   15.20   ~ 123 1
323 ESO 384-16 AG? 13 57 01.37 -35 19 58.7   14.80   14.10 14.81 ~ 62 0
324 NGC 5398 LSB 14 01 21.555 -33 03 49.62   12.87 12.39 11.99 12.6 ~ 142 1
325 NAME M101 OT2015-1 SN? 14 02 16.78 +54 26 20.5   19.19 17.57 16.92 16.26 ~ 51 0
326 AT 2024ikg ev 14 02 27.785 +54 19 46.73           ~ 1 0
327 AT 2023azz ev 14 03 00.543 +54 21 08.63           ~ 1 0
328 M 101 GiP 14 03 12.583 +54 20 55.50   8.46 7.86 7.76   ~ 3138 2
329 NGC 5408 EmG 14 03 20.907 -41 22 39.75   12.59   11.96 12.2 ~ 368 3
330 NGC 5474 GiP 14 05 01.608 +53 39 43.95   11.28 10.79     ~ 475 1
331 NGC 5477 AG? 14 05 33.318 +54 27 37.85 13.94 14.36 14.01     ~ 224 1
332 Z 133-19 AG? 14 15 57.0834 +23 03 29.871 15.40 14.77 14.41 14.32   ~ 296 0
333 Z 219-66 QSO 14 17 01.716 +43 30 13.52   15.6       ~ 181 0
334 NGC 5530 AG? 14 18 27.10 -43 23 14.8   11.78 11.00 10.84 11.4 ~ 110 0
335 NGC 5585 GiG 14 19 48.204 +56 43 44.58   11.73 11.216 11.12 10.123 ~ 455 0
336 Z 247-26 AG? 14 24 43.21 +44 31 41.8 14.24 13.54 13.17 13.07   ~ 217 0
337 MCG+10-21-013 AG? 14 35 24.077 +57 15 21.24   17       ~ 91 0
338 ESO 272-25 AG? 14 43 25.52 -44 42 18.9   14.79   14.00 13.8 ~ 40 0
339 ESO 223-9 AG? 15 01 08.67 -48 17 25.7   12.3   12.5 12.6 ~ 81 0
340 Z 248-44 AG? 15 01 09.481 +44 41 53.51   14.30       ~ 61 0
341 ESO 274-1 G 15 14 13.429 -46 48 33.12   12.00   10.97 11.3 ~ 118 0
342 NGC 5906 GiG 15 15 53.687 +56 19 43.86   11.4       ~ 807 0
343 NGC 5949 AG? 15 28 00.6695692032 +64 45 47.413223532   12.70       ~ 152 0
344 Z 319-21 AG? 15 41 47.85 +67 15 15.3 15.71 15.22 14.81 14.44   ~ 93 0
345 ESO 137-18 GiG 16 20 58.352 -60 29 27.48   12.23   11.03 11.9 ~ 74 0
346 Z 300-12 G 17 20 14.335 +57 55 16.39   12.40 10.6     ~ 1428 1
347 NAME Galactic Center reg 17 45 39.60213 -29 00 22.0000           ~ 16269 0
348 IC 4662 bCG 17 47 09.192 -64 38 19.25   11.75 11.1 10.45   ~ 253 4
349 AT 2021ahsv ev 17 49 17.862 +70 09 02.73           ~ 1 0
350 NGC 6503 LIN 17 49 26.4207792072 +70 08 39.604132176 11.56 10.95 10.28 9.92   ~ 551 1
351 V* V1309 Sco CV* 17 57 32.9368332984 -30 43 09.965039880           ~ 320 0
352 IC 4710 AG? 18 28 37.969 -66 58 56.20   12.53   11.33 12.4 ~ 112 1
353 V* V4332 Sgr CV* 18 50 36.6958376520 -21 23 28.925017944         14.37 K8/M0e 194 0
354 ESO 104-22 LSB 18 55 41.2 -64 48 39   15.62   14.67 13.1 ~ 35 0
355 Z 341-18 AG? 19 08 42.253 +70 17 02.09   14.4       ~ 23 0
356 NGC 6744 GiG 19 09 46.1335950504 -63 51 26.897079024   9.28 8.25 8.08 9.6 ~ 303 0
357 ESO 104-44 LSB 19 11 22.5 -64 13 21   15.01   13.88   ~ 36 0
358 NAME Sgr dIG G 19 29 59.0 -17 40 41   15.5 13.6     ~ 323 1
359 IC 4870 AGN 19 37 37.5995314008 -65 48 42.669480564   13.92 14.63 12.77 13.1 ~ 73 0
360 NGC 6822 G 19 44 56.199 -14 47 51.29   18 8.1     ~ 1661 0
361 IC 4951 EmG 20 09 31.77 -61 51 01.7 14.74 14.23 13.84 13.68 14.0 ~ 73 0
362 NGC 6946 H2G 20 34 52.332 +60 09 13.24   10.5       ~ 2661 2
363 MCG-02-53-003 G 20 46 51.7 -12 50 54 15.75 15.18 14.83 14.46   ~ 470 1
364 IC 5052 G 20 52 01.633 -69 11 35.93 12.83 12.20 11.66 11.40   ~ 169 0
365 NGC 7090 EmG 21 36 28.865 -54 33 26.35 12.35 11.60 11.05 10.82 11.2 ~ 183 0
366 MCG+03-56-001 AG? 21 59 04.702 +18 10 38.95   15.1       ~ 51 0
367 IC 5152 rG 22 02 41.521 -51 17 47.20   11.03 10.9 10.19   ~ 273 1
368 IC 5201 AG? 22 20 57.437 -46 02 09.06   11.53   10.71 11.7 ~ 129 0
369 ESO 238-5 AG? 22 22 30.4713 -48 24 22.941   15.0   14.9 15.4 ~ 44 0
370 MCG-05-52-070 GiP 22 23.3 -28 59   14.53   13.83   ~ 55 0
371 NGC 7292 AG? 22 28 26.291 +30 17 29.91   13.10       ~ 111 0
372 NGC 7320 GiG 22 36 03.4059680280 +33 56 53.623460220 13.12 13.23 12.63 12.38   ~ 204 3
373 ESO 468-20 G 22 40 43.6 -30 47 55   15.88   15.13   ~ 45 0
374 NAME Tuc Galaxy G 22 41 49.6 -64 25 10   15.7 15.2     ~ 324 0
375 NGC 7424 EmG 22 57 18.3924511080 -41 04 14.124670032   10.88 10.38 10.02 10.9 ~ 236 0
376 NGC 7640 GiG 23 22 06.5746017072 +40 50 43.114729056   11.6       ~ 180 0
377 Z 533-5 GiG 23 24 43.135 +41 20 52.13   14.0       ~ 34 0
378 MCG-05-55-012 G 23 26 27.52 -32 23 19.5 15.34 14.71 14.23 14.03   ~ 163 0
379 NAME Andromeda VII GiG 23 26 31.0 +50 40 33   13.6 11.8     ~ 222 1
380 MCG-06-51-005 GiG 23 26 56.21 -37 20 48.9 14.90 14.69 14.35 14.19 14.2 ~ 74 0
381 Z 431-72 G 23 28 35.2 +14 44 35 13.85 13.16 12.52     ~ 499 1
382 IC 5332 GiG 23 34 27.488 -36 06 03.89 11.59 11.27 10.72 10.50 11.2 ~ 216 0
383 NGC 7713 EmG 23 36 15.154 -37 56 22.18   11.63   11.09 11.6 ~ 151 1
384 MCG-05-56-001 G 23 43 45.549 -31 57 24.37 14.55 14.03 13.73 13.63   ~ 162 1
385 NAME Peg dSph GiG 23 51 46.3 +24 34 57   14.5 13.2     ~ 250 2
386 ESO 149-3 AG? 23 52 02.15 -52 34 33.9 15.48 15.10 14.89 14.84 14.9 ~ 88 0
387 NGC 7793 GiG 23 57 49.7540045856 -32 35 27.701550744 10.26 9.74 9.28 9.06 9.7 ~ 1188 2
388 NAME Local Group GrG ~ ~           ~ 9325 0

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