2025A&A...697A.114P

Query : 2025A&A...697A.114P

2025A&A...697A.114P - Astronomy and Astrophysics, volume 697A114 (2025/5-1)

New empirical mass-loss recipe for UV radiation line-driven winds of hot stars across various metallicities.

PAULI D., OSKINOVA L.M., HAMANN W.-R., SANDER A.A.C., VINK J.S., BERNINI-PERON M., JOSIEK J., LEFEVER R.R., SANA H. and RAMACHANDRAN V.

Abstract (from CDS):

Context. The winds of massive stars remove a significant fraction of their mass, strongly impacting their evolution. As a star evolves, the rate at which it loses mass changes. In stellar evolution codes, different mass-loss recipes are employed for different evolutionary stages. The choice of the recipes is user-dependent and the conditions for switching between them are poorly defined.
Aims. Focusing on hot stars, we aim to produce a physically motivated, empirically calibrated mass-loss recipe suitable for a wide range of metallicities. We want to provide a ready-to-use universal recipe that eliminates the need for switching between recipes for hot stars during stellar evolution calculations.
Methods. We compile a sample of hot stars with reliable stellar and wind parameters in the Galaxy and the Magellanic Clouds. Our sample spans effective temperatures from T ≈ 12-100 kK and initial masses from Mini ≈ 15 M⊙-150 M⊙. The sample is used to determine the dependence of the mass-loss rate on the basic stellar parameters.
Results. We find that independent of evolutionary stage and temperature, the wind mass-loss rate is a function of the electronscattering Eddington parameter (Γe) and metallicity (Z), being in line with expectations of radiation-driven wind theory. Our derived scaling relation provides an adequate (Δ log(Ṁ/(M⊙ yr–1)) = 0.43) and broadly applicable mass-loss recipe for hot stars.
Conclusions. The newly derived mass-loss recipe covers nearly the entire parameter space of hot stars with UV radiation-driven winds and eliminates the need for interpolation between mass-loss formulae at different evolutionary stages when applied in stellar evolution models. Examples of stellar evolution calculations using our new recipe reveal that the predictions on the ionizing fluxes and final fates of massive stars, especially at low metallicity, differ significantly from models that use the standard mass-loss rates, impacting our understanding of stellar populations at low metallicity and in the young Universe.

Abstract Copyright: © The Authors 2025

Journal keyword(s): stars: atmospheres - stars: early-type - stars: evolution - stars: massive - stars: mass-loss - stars: winds, outflows

VizieR on-line data: <Available at CDS (J/A+A/697/A114): tablea1.dat tablea2.dat tablea3.dat tablea4.dat tablea5.dat>

Simbad objects: 198

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Number of rows : 198
N Identifier Otype ICRS (J2000)
RA 		ICRS (J2000)
DEC 		Mag U Mag B Mag V Mag R Mag I Sp type #ref
1850 - 2026 		#notes
1 ACO 48 ClG 00 31 11 +12 32.6           ~ 10 0
2 2dFS 163 s*b 00 36 58.2381836400 -73 23 33.167140224 13.84 14.95 15.11   15.14 O7.5Ib(f) 12 0
3 LIN 78 HXB 00 46 32.6338987968 -73 06 05.564426436 12.53 13.59 13.827   13.999 O3/4V 49 0
4 SK 10 s*b 00 46 42.1591125672 -73 24 55.494317340 11.903 12.984 13.176   13.35 O6.5III(f) 56 0
5 SK 13 s*b 00 47 12.2164410744 -73 06 33.111710784   12.52 12.48     B1.5Ia 83 0
6 BBB SMC 259 s*b 00 47 38.7409708152 -73 07 48.851948496   12.17 12.24     B3Ia 43 0
7 AzV 43 * 00 48 47.8983993528 -72 46 24.890763828   13.76 13.88     O9II 28 0
8 AzV 47 * 00 48 51.4911440520 -73 25 58.537753356 12.263 13.314 13.496   14.00 O8III((f)) 45 0
9 LIN 143 WR* 00 49 59.3505485400 -73 22 14.121279948 13.48 14.43 14.56   14.57 WN3/4+O4 45 0
10 BBB SMC 1 * 00 50 17.2067283312 -72 53 30.259838832 12.093 13.144 13.326 13.39 13.47 OC7III 52 0
11 LIN 156 s*b 00 50 32.4050818488 -72 52 36.441355908 11.553 12.604 12.756   12.89 O5.5I(f) 58 0
12 AzV 77 * 00 50 33.5144777088 -72 47 45.008016756 12.74 13.79 13.95   14.12 O7III 15 0
13 HD 5045 s*b 00 50 38.3868754296 -73 28 18.256667052   11.02 11.04     B1Ia+ 94 0
14 AzV 83 s*b 00 50 52.0015192368 -72 42 14.940550980 12.233 13.244 13.366   13.67 O7Iaf 58 0
15 AzV 95 * 00 51 21.6002057448 -72 44 14.875230300 12.67 13.64 13.83   13.95 O7.5III((f)) 53 0
16 AzV 104 s*b 00 51 38.4279675528 -72 48 06.081643404 12.053 13.064 13.226   13.57 B0.5Ia 43 0
17 NAME SMC G 00 52 38.0 -72 48 01   2.79 2.2     ~ 12317 1
18 AzV 170 s*b 00 55 42.4299731736 -73 17 30.523500780 12.86 13.82 14.11   14.25 O9.7I 41 0
19 AzV 177 * 00 56 44.1036082560 -72 03 31.678578504 13.22 14.39 14.62   14.90 O4Vz 32 0
20 SK 68 s*b 00 57 31.7301247584 -71 19 59.269190304 11.32 11.96 12.09     B2.5Ia 38 0
21 Cl* NGC 346 MPG 12 * 00 58 14.0865065520 -72 10 44.292892764   19.15 17.98   16.72 B0III 43 0
22 Cl* NGC 346 ELS 28 * 00 58 31.7543622456 -72 10 57.965696544 13.58 14.73 14.94   15.23 OC6Vz 33 0
23 SK 73 s*b 00 58 35.7838206672 -72 16 25.018020660 11.73 12.63 12.66   12.69 B1Iab-Ib 38 0
24 SK 76 s*b 00 58 55.6254525024 -72 32 08.467356804 11.64 12.65 12.75   12.84 BN0Ia 52 0
25 Cl* NGC 346 W 3 * 00 59 00.7591806336 -72 10 28.171806492 11.46 12.61 12.80   13.63 O2III(f) 69 0
26 Cl* NGC 346 NMC 34 * 00 59 00.9631326096 -72 11 09.278888748 14.11 15.20 15.46   15.57 O6.5V 16 0
27 Cl* NGC 346 MPG 396 Y*O 00 59 02.92 -72 10 34.8   14.17 14.39     O7V 17 0
28 Cl* NGC 346 SSN 7 s*b 00 59 04.4955841440 -72 10 24.744449712   12.37 12.57     O4If+O5-6 46 0
29 HD 5980 WR* 00 59 26.5838833944 -72 09 53.927337312   11.13 11.31   11.029 WN4+O7I: 419 1
30 SK 80 s*b 00 59 31.9751731656 -72 10 46.106730444   12.12 12.31     O7Iaf 117 0
31 SK 81 s*b 00 59 43.5064718376 -72 04 18.839976816 12.023 12.894 12.996   12.44 B2.5Ib 22 0
32 RMC 17 s*b 00 59 45.7300850520 -72 44 56.416111080   12.02 12.2     B0Ia 70 0
33 Cl* NGC 346 ELS 31 * 00 59 54.0614692656 -72 04 31.420184880 13.71 14.81 15.05   15.33 O9V 25 0
34 SK 84 * 01 00 06.7253852112 -72 47 19.124459916 12.58 13.71 13.91   14.16 O6.5V 51 0
35 RMC 18 s*b 01 00 06.8830919184 -72 13 57.371461032   11.7 11.5     B1Ia 76 0
36 SK 94 s*b 01 01 07.7622056304 -71 59 58.783358472   12.21 12.36 12.20   B1Ia 39 0
37 SK 95 s*b 01 01 09.3913651632 -72 27 28.543237812 11.47 12.48 12.61   12.67 B0.7Ia 36 0
38 AzV 307 * 01 02 32.1812082792 -72 39 42.569272548 13.34 13.88 14.02   14.26 B0.5II 21 0
39 RMC 28 s*b 01 03 10.5480205584 -72 02 14.335031256 11.833 12.924 13.086   13.60 O9.7Ib 52 0
40 RMC 31 WR* 01 03 25.2272050176 -72 06 43.857668340   12.11 12.30     WN3:h+O5.5V+O5.5If+O7.5V 126 0
41 SMC AB 7 WR* 01 03 35.9241336168 -72 03 22.118601312 11.933 12.954 13.016   13.32 WN4+O6I(f) 58 0
42 SK 111 * 01 03 56.1979660536 -72 42 06.263659800 12.32 13.00 13.046 12.99 13.04 B8Iab 14 0
43 RMC 36 s*b 01 04 49.3494336384 -72 06 21.746153556 10.57 11.34 11.36     B3Ia 58 0
44 AzV 388 * 01 05 39.5306276568 -72 29 26.938329540 12.79 13.86 14.12   14.37 O5V 51 0
45 AzV 439 * 01 08 51.0869885112 -71 49 51.681780912 13.47 14.49 14.68   14.87 O9.5III 20 0
46 [MA93] 1694 Em* 01 09 21.9491920248 -73 15 41.915109564 13.93 14.87 15.10   15.01 O6.5II(f) 21 0
47 AzV 461 * 01 11 25.5705843312 -72 09 48.802253292 13.22 14.40 14.61   14.94 O8V+neb 25 0
48 SK 150 s*b 01 13 01.8742585512 -72 45 48.441989592 11.593 12.564 12.676   11.42 B1.5Ia 41 0
49 Dachs SMC 3-10 EB* 01 13 42.4497160176 -73 17 29.516706528 12.49 13.54 13.48 13.72 13.54 O2-3V 45 0
50 SK 159 s*b 01 15 58.8782034384 -73 21 24.351532740 10.80 11.77 11.90     B0.2Ia 84 0
51 2MASS J01241079-7322099 Pu* 01 24 10.7888269896 -73 22 09.922157976   13.80 13.91     B0.5(II)e: 16 0
52 SK 179 s*b 01 28 27.9820036128 -72 46 55.559723628   12.97 13.09     B3II 12 0
53 SK 183 * 01 29 24.5481468144 -73 33 16.345873296   13.57 13.80     O3V((f*))z+OB 23 0
54 LIN 547 WR* 01 31 04.1367366432 -73 25 03.784411524   12.75 12.90     WO4+O4V 104 0
55 SK 190 s*b 01 31 27.9835584432 -73 22 14.221677612   13.37 13.59     O7.5(f)np 20 0
56 WDG 1 s*b 01 41 42.0683863272 -73 50 38.183979624   11.86 11.84     B1.5Ia 74 0
57 HD 14947 s*b 02 26 46.9899705528 +58 52 33.118732380 7.83 8.44 7.98     O4.5If 262 0
58 HD 15570 Y*O 02 32 49.4207394600 +61 22 42.089384892 8.40 8.80 8.11 7.41 6.86 O4If 316 0
59 HD 15629 Y*O 02 33 20.5873992264 +61 31 18.188762844 8.23 8.85 8.42     O4.5V((fc)) 255 0
60 HD 16691 Em* 02 42 52.0259349000 +56 54 16.463813796 10.187 9.07 8.70     O4If 163 0
61 NAME Magellanic Clouds GrG 03 00 -71.0           ~ 7988 0
62 HD 270754 s*b 04 47 04.4509965192 -67 06 53.121123648 10.351 11.219 11.26   10.992 B1.5Ia 92 0
63 HD 268605 s*b 04 50 18.9258130824 -67 39 38.036838240 10.244 11.2 11.377   11.322 O9.5/B0Ia 99 0
64 HD 268729 s*b 04 53 43.2832436568 -68 42 53.288900892 10.195 11.05 10.93   10.970 B5Ia+ 48 0
65 HD 268685 s*b 04 54 31.8862673064 -67 15 24.584925456 10.616 11.376 11.541   11.599 B1Ia 55 0
66 HD 268809 s*b 04 56 10.4576405688 -69 15 38.298995208 10.762 11.866 11.964   12.031 B0.7Ia 45 0
67 PGMW 3053 * 04 56 41.0475516240 -66 24 40.537858536   13.04 13.13     O6II(f+) 19 0
68 PGMW 3058 Pu* 04 56 42.1339871825 -66 24 54.713617412 12.901 14.092 14.089   13.991 O3V((f*)) 25 0
69 [L72] LH 10-3061 * 04 56 42.5074945536 -66 25 18.217550208 12.699 13.595 13.491   13.405 ON2III(f*) 31 0
70 PGMW 3100 * 04 56 45.2033296872 -66 25 10.776628056 13.007 13.736 13.648   13.547 O5III(f+) 20 0
71 PGMW 3168 * 04 56 54.4599428448 -66 24 15.867618408   13.57 13.68     O7II(f) 22 0
72 HD 268867 * 04 57 48.9012688536 -69 52 22.499183784 10.469 11.392 11.399   11.468 B2Ia 35 0
73 HD 269050 s*b 05 07 20.4218668824 -68 32 08.569322196 10.593 11.581 11.54 11.46 11.55 B0Ia(e?) 89 0
74 V* AE Aur Or* 05 16 18.1493304816 +34 18 44.344404000 5.48 6.18 5.96     O9.5V 597 1
75 NAME LMC G 05 23 34.6 -69 45 22     0.4     ~ 19090 0
76 Brey 37 WR* 05 27 37.6898837256 -70 36 05.324162832 12.875 13.85 14.07 14.43 14.249 WN4o+OB 41 0
77 Brey 40a WR* 05 29 33.2070992328 -70 59 34.838770092 12.472 13.20 13.39 13.90 13.743 WN4:b+O8V 46 0
78 2MASS J05294611-7109220 * 05 29 46.1191195440 -71 09 22.043053260 13.119 13.765 13.782     B0V 7 0
79 SK -71 35 Em* 05 30 04.1770770096 -71 07 56.243598564 12.009 12.94 13.01 13.35 13.038 B1II 22 0
80 SK -71 41 s*b 05 30 40.1497148784 -71 05 37.084358652 11.906 12.643 12.775   12.769 O9.7Iab 23 0
81 HD 269660 s*b 05 30 47.7753524136 -71 04 02.325450144 10.281 11.15 11.19   10.767 B2Ia 64 0
82 HD 269676 ** 05 31 15.634248 -71 04 09.90516 11.134 11.417 11.547 12.061 12.191 O4If 88 0
83 HD 269828 WR* 05 35 58.8736700492 -69 11 47.838658000     13.031   12.837 WN7+O3 84 0
84 * eps Ori s*b 05 36 12.81335 -01 12 06.9089 0.48 1.51 1.69 1.76 1.93 B0Ia 921 0
85 HD 269889 Pu* 05 37 02.4204862512 -66 38 37.031705268 11.381 10.246 12.19   11.390 O9Ia 29 0
86 HD 269896 s*b 05 37 49.1356176384 -68 55 01.639049016 11.338 9.493 11.449 11.49   ON9.7Ia+ 102 0
87 RMC 140b WR* 05 38 41.6202115352 -69 05 15.192382434   12.61 12.66   12.54 WN6 36 0
88 [HSH95] 123 * 05 38 42.065 -69 06 04.46           ~ 4 0
89 [HSH95] 108 * 05 38 42.184 -69 06 01.83           ~ 4 0
90 [HSH95] 134 * 05 38 42.190 -69 06 04.77           ~ 4 0
91 [HSH95] 78 * 05 38 42.222 -69 06 02.97           ~ 4 0
92 [HSH95] 92 * 05 38 42.278 -69 06 02.05           O3V 9 0
93 [HSH95] 35 * 05 38 42.281 -69 06 02.26     14.42     O3V 11 0
94 [HSH95] 80 * 05 38 42.343 -69 06 03.66           ~ 4 0
95 RMC 139 WR* 05 38 42.3537501576 -69 04 58.196699796   12.04 11.94     O6.5Iafc+O6Iaf 101 0
96 [HSH95] 62 * 05 38 42.381 -69 06 03.49     14.96     ~ 10 0
97 [HSH95] 114 * 05 38 42.425 -69 06 04.37           ~ 4 0
98 [HSH95] 66 * 05 38 42.431 -69 06 03.29     15.13     O3V 11 0
99 [HSH95] 52 * 05 38 42.432 -69 06 03.94     14.76     O3V 11 0
100 Cl* NGC 2070 MH 535 * 05 38 42.470 -69 06 01.14   14.33 14.49     O2-3.5V 21 0
101 [HSH95] 31 * 05 38 42.484 -69 06 04.37     14.35     ~ 11 0
102 [HSH95] 58 * 05 38 42.488 -69 06 02.56     14.82     O3III 12 0
103 Cl* NGC 2070 MH 551 * 05 38 42.512 -69 06 04.52   14.64 14.81     O3V 18 0
104 [HSH95] 50 * 05 38 42.514 -69 06 03.21     14.75     ~ 10 0
105 [HSH95] 94 * 05 38 42.540 -69 06 03.86           O3V 9 0
106 [HSH95] 64 * 05 38 42.649 -69 06 00.89     15.06     O7V 11 0
107 Cl* NGC 2070 MH 608 * 05 38 42.671 -69 06 02.76   14.49 14.39     ~ 20 0
108 BAT99 111 WR* 05 38 42.745 -69 06 03.70   13.51 13.66     WN9ha 54 0
109 [HSH95] 65 * 05 38 42.803 -69 06 03.23     15.12     ~ 9 0
110 BAT99 113 WR* 05 38 43.0917715292 -69 05 46.903118899   13.56 13.47   13.44 O2If*/WN5 53 0
111 [HSH95] 68 * 05 38 43.200 -69 06 01.62     15.16     O3V 10 0
112 RMC 136a Cl* 05 38 43.3 -69 06 08           ~ 158 2
113 Brey 84 HXB 05 38 44.2508644296 -69 06 06.004573020     13.10   12.70 WN5h:a 77 0
114 HD 38282 WR* 05 38 53.3783458680 -69 02 00.895545204   10.98 11.11 11.26   WN5/6h+WN6/7h 192 1
115 HD 269928 WR* 05 38 57.0667692816 -69 06 05.660419140   12.02 11.94 12.00 11.58 WN6/7 143 0
116 SK -68 140 s*b 05 38 57.1713887928 -68 56 53.151615708   12.81 12.71 12.89   B0.7Ib-IabNwk 53 0
117 SK -69 279 s*b 05 41 44.6553703752 -69 35 14.905767516 12.079 12.787 12.842 13.03 12.619 ON9.5Ia+ 70 0
118 Brey 97 WR* 05 41 48.5696784312 -70 35 30.785347248 13.570 14.522 14.701 14.50 14.834 MN3ha+O5V 30 1
119 SK -68 155 s*b 05 42 54.9424084824 -68 56 54.480574752   12.75 12.72     O9Ia 37 0
120 * mu. Col V* 05 45 59.8950238944 -32 18 23.162261796 3.84 4.90 5.18 5.30 5.57 O9.5V 523 0
121 HD 42088 * 06 09 39.5728368936 +20 29 15.450599580 6.73 7.58 7.57 8.45   O6V((f))z 257 0
122 HD 46056 Y*O 06 31 20.8608343776 +04 50 03.842554740 7.60 8.36 8.16 8.16 8.09 O8Vn 242 0
123 HD 46150 Y*O 06 31 55.5205071744 +04 56 34.296516096 6.03 6.86 6.73 6.50 6.41 O5V((f))z 413 0
124 HD 46223 Y*O 06 32 09.3068103600 +04 49 24.705695568 6.73 7.50 7.28 6.95 6.79 O4V((f)) 406 0
125 HD 46202 bC* 06 32 10.4706981304 +04 57 59.764912343 7.60 8.332 8.269 7.98 7.86 O9.2V 300 0
126 HD 46485 Y*O 06 33 50.9566745256 +04 31 31.613196504 7.92 8.60 8.27   8.10 O7V((f))nzvar? 162 0
127 HD 46966 ** 06 36 25.8880460976 +06 04 59.474397540 5.91 6.83 6.87     O8.5IV 218 0
128 * omi02 CMa s*b 07 03 01.4713413613 -23 49 59.858307121 2.14 2.94 3.02 3.01 3.10 B3Ia 336 0
129 NGC 2371 PN 07 25 34.6883929008 +29 29 26.430252072   14.48 13.5     Oe 384 0
130 HD 63005 * 07 45 49.0332176232 -26 29 31.436407572 8.29 9.12 9.13 9.64   O6.5IV 89 0
131 HD 64568 * 07 53 38.2051918848 -26 14 02.598056556 8.64 9.50 9.39 9.77 9.204 O3V((f*))z 116 0
132 * zet Pup BY* 08 03 35.04754 -40 00 11.3321 0.89 1.98 2.25 2.36 2.58 O4I(n)fp 1190 1
133 HD 66788 * 08 04 08.5403348976 -27 29 08.860666488 8.44 9.92 9.83 9.85   O8/9(Ib) 64 0
134 HD 69106 * 08 14 03.7995306624 -36 57 07.938057852 6.12 7.020 7.128 8.02   O9.7IIn 129 0
135 HD 69464 s*b 08 15 48.5652200520 -35 37 52.863334428 8.47 9.11 8.80 9.42   O7Ib(f) 108 0
136 HD 75211 SB* 08 47 01.5921294816 -44 04 28.848481212 7.35 7.90 7.50 8.28   O8.5II((f)) 99 0
137 HD 75222 s*b 08 47 25.1378783304 -36 45 02.670440616 7.24 7.80 7.42 8.22   O9.7Iab 102 0
138 CD-44 4865 * 08 50 02.2858329192 -44 34 39.926878500 9.88 10.16 9.63 9.67   B0III 57 0
139 CD-43 4690 * 08 50 52.0461382848 -43 50 22.900242948 10.05 10.48 9.79 9.68   O7.5 35 0
140 HD 76968 V* 08 57 28.8524478672 -50 44 58.197488784 6.53 7.33 7.21 7.01 6.87 O9.2Ib 99 1
141 CD-47 4551 s*b 08 57 54.6180604176 -47 44 15.708893424 9.11 9.41 8.54 8.92   O5Ifc 84 0
142 HD 78344 * 09 05 51.3294079248 -47 46 06.834233424 10.10 10.12 9.00 8.55 8.16 O9.5/B0(Ib) 87 0
143 NGC 2867 PN 09 21 25.3832468160 -58 18 40.626683604   12.0 10.30     [WO2] 313 0
144 HD 302505 * 10 05 20.5426689984 -58 44 20.696151660 9.41 9.95 9.89 9.79   B2 37 0
145 HD 91572 * 10 33 12.2657051544 -58 10 13.653979140 7.44 8.29 8.24 9.03   O6.5V((f))z 98 0
146 HD 91824 SB* 10 34 46.6322493936 -58 09 22.038466896 7.17 8.11 8.14 9.02   O7V((f))z 165 0
147 HD 92504 * 10 39 36.8683124520 -57 27 40.634282304 7.47 8.38 8.46 9.296   O8.5V(n) 79 0
148 HD 92740 WR* 10 41 17.5158425712 -59 40 36.895992960 5.68 6.50 6.42 7.38   WN7h+O9III-V 426 0
149 HD 93028 SB* 10 43 15.3393101352 -60 12 04.231982304 7.29 8.24 8.30 9.26   O9IV 181 0
150 CD-58 3529 * 10 43 59.9072622960 -59 32 25.452459240 8.631 9.439 9.286 9.73 9.11 O7V((f))z 31 0
151 HD 93146 ** 10 44 00.13416 -60 05 08.7396           O6V+O9.5V 88 0
152 HD 93204 * 10 44 32.3390794992 -59 44 31.020804780 7.63 8.52 8.42 8.20 7.92 O5.5V((f)) 200 0
153 HD 93222 Y*O 10 44 36.2481200208 -60 05 28.890759120 7.26 8.18 8.10 8.91   O7V((f))z 212 0
154 CD-59 3300 * 10 44 41.7962304024 -59 46 56.405228916 8.07 8.79 8.57 9.33   O6V((f)) 150 0
155 HD 93250 ** 10 44 45.0275085072 -59 33 54.680974848 6.73 8.12 7.50 8.38   O4III(fc) 334 0
156 HD 93843 Er* 10 48 37.7715351864 -60 13 25.518487656 6.37 7.29 7.33 8.23   O5III(fc) 184 0
157 WRAY 16-79 PN 10 48 43.2301961352 -56 03 09.640445832   17.6 17.4     [WO3] 84 0
158 HD 94370A * 10 52 23.2699459656 -58 44 47.633227764   8.149 8.109     O7(n)fp 9 0
159 HD 94963 Em* 10 56 35.7867321168 -61 42 32.287821516 6.35 7.17 7.26 8.10   O7II(f) 93 0
160 HD 97848 * 11 14 31.9027108872 -59 01 28.842530124 7.66 8.59 8.60 9.43   O8V 90 0
161 PB 6 * 12 51 31 +48 07.7   18       ~ 3 0
162 PB 8 WD* 12 51 38.0745954984 +49 00 53.722514628   18.5       DB 16 0
163 NGC 5189 PN 13 33 32.8780414224 -65 58 27.041428272   14.1 14.5   14.35 [WO1] 331 1
164 WR 72 PN 16 06 28.4800608552 -35 45 12.390299820   13.99 13.95 14.36 13.54 [WC] 72 1
165 HD 148546 Pu* 16 30 23.3122183296 -37 58 21.169697268 7.28 7.99 7.71 8.58   O9Iab 91 0
166 * tau Sco * 16 35 52.9528530 -28 12 57.661515 1.55 2.56 2.81 2.93 3.18 B0V 959 0
167 HD 149404 s*b 16 36 22.5628499784 -42 51 31.902127776 5.23 5.88 5.52 6.90   O8.5Iab(f)p 265 0
168 * zet Oph Be* 16 37 09.5400587698 -10 34 01.509742704 1.73 2.58 2.56 2.46 2.50 O9.2IVnn 1908 0
169 HD 151804 s*b 16 51 33.7218052272 -41 13 49.919519496 4.45 5.29 5.22     O8Iaf 389 0
170 HD 152003 s*b 16 52 47.3744351712 -41 47 08.990966004 6.90 7.47 7.08 6.72 6.35 O9.7IabNwk 132 1
171 * zet01 Sco s*b 16 53 59.7271314888 -42 21 43.307334468 4.80 5.31 4.79 4.32 3.86 B1.5Ia+ 390 0
172 HD 152249 s*b 16 54 11.6395658856 -41 50 57.295111524 5.91 6.65 6.45     OC9Iab 254 0
173 HD 326329 Y*O 16 54 14.1033282720 -41 50 08.503512720 8.141 9.183 9.013 9.477 8.460 O9.7V 78 0
174 HD 152408 WR* 16 54 58.5051071856 -41 09 03.093075612 5.17 5.92 5.77 7.00   O8Iape 388 0
175 V* V1297 Sco SB* 16 56 05.2157203176 -40 20 57.576260184 7.87 9.11 9.29 9.29   O7.5Vz 149 0
176 NGC 6369 PN 17 29 20.4566510904 -23 45 34.771819248   16.6 12.00     [WC4] 335 0
177 IC 4663 PN 17 45 28.6295081208 -44 54 17.987147856           [WN3] 107 0
178 WR 102a WR* 17 45 48.57 -28 50 05.7           WN8 18 0
179 WR 102b WR* 17 45 50.61 -28 59 19.6           WN7 16 0
180 HD 163758 s*b 17 59 28.3669369416 -36 01 15.589420824 6.46 7.35 7.32 8.38   O6.5Iafp 163 0
181 * 67 Oph s*b 18 00 38.7157893000 +02 55 53.633402904 3.34 3.96 3.93 3.84 3.81 B4Ib-II 422 0
182 * 15 Sgr s*b 18 15 12.9063291264 -20 43 41.767600368 4.64 5.42 5.37 5.27 5.19 O9.7Iab 268 0
183 HD 168625 s*b 18 21 19.5484021368 -16 22 26.075142156 10.15 9.78 8.37 8.76   B8Ia+ 293 2
184 HD 169582 s*b 18 25 43.1466928224 -09 45 11.033442216 8.74 9.24 8.70     O6Iaf 95 0
185 PN PC 22 PN 19 42 03.514 +13 50 37.33           ~ 39 0
186 HD 188209 s*b 19 51 59.0687638680 +47 01 38.419078944 4.61 5.55 5.63 5.54 5.64 O9.5Iab 322 0
187 HD 190429A s*b 20 03 29.3990011718 +36 01 30.518594776   7.20 7.09     O4If 87 0
188 HD 190603 s*b 20 04 36.1742825304 +32 13 06.953333016 5.73 6.19 5.65 5.13 4.71 B1.5Ia+ 357 0
189 HD 190918 WR* 20 05 57.3244526328 +35 47 18.150756792 6.11 6.88 6.75     WN5+O9I 385 0
190 HD 192639 s*b 20 14 30.4275801672 +37 21 13.816276704 6.83 7.46 7.11     O7.5Iabf 309 0
191 HD 192641 WR* 20 14 31.7666855880 +36 39 39.598210224 7.80 8.20 7.91     WC7pd+O9V 347 0
192 NGC 6905 PN 20 22 22.9919225472 +20 06 16.285052088   16.3 14.5     [WC3] 362 0
193 Schulte 12 s*b 20 32 40.9572199728 +41 14 29.279036940 16.1 14.45 11.702     B3-4Ia+ 453 0
194 * 55 Cyg s*b 20 48 56.2915921440 +46 06 50.883645024 4.83 5.28 4.86 4.41 4.10 B2.5Ia 506 0
195 * 9 Cep s*b 21 37 55.2241394424 +62 04 54.990376788 4.49 5.03 4.73 4.42 4.24 B2Ib 315 0
196 HD 207198 Y*? 21 44 53.2791389640 +62 27 38.048647248 5.61 6.25 5.94 5.66 5.49 O8.5II 365 0
197 * 19 Cep * 22 05 08.7897533088 +62 16 47.332569936 4.36 5.19 5.11 4.95 4.92 O9Ib 397 0
198 * lam Cep s*b 22 11 30.5765111040 +59 24 52.154264880 4.55 5.29 5.05 4.77 4.62 O6.5I(n)fp 705 1

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