2025A&A...698A.142D

Query : 2025A&A...698A.142D

2025A&A...698A.142D - Astronomy and Astrophysics, volume 698A142 (2025/6-1)

Tracing the W3/W4/W5 and Perseus complex dynamical evolution with star clusters.

DELLA CROCE A., DALESSANDRO E., VESPERINI E., BELLAZZINI M., FANELLI C., ORIGLIA L. and SANNA N.

Abstract (from CDS):

The Perseus complex offers an ideal testbed to study cluster formation and early evolution as it hosts two major hierarchical structures (namely LISCA I and LISCA II) and the W3/W4/W5 (W345) region characterized by recent star formation. The aim of this work was to provide a full characterization of the population of star clusters in the W345 region, in terms of their structural, photometric, and kinematic properties. The clusters were then used to probe the dynamical properties of the W345 region and, on a larger scale, to investigate the evolution of the Perseus complex. We used Gaia DR3 data to search for star clusters in the W345 region and characterize them in terms of their density structure, ellipticity, internal dynamical state, and ages. We also used young stellar object (YSO) catalogs from near-infrared surveys cross-matched with Gaia data to probe their kinematics in the region. We identified five stellar clusters belonging to the W345 complex. The three younger clusters are still partially embedded in the gas and show evidence of expansion, while the older clusters cleared the surrounding gas. We also found that YSOs trace the parent gas structure and possibly its kinematics. Thanks to the 6D information available for star clusters, we followed their orbital evolution to assess the formation conditions and evolution of the complex. When accounting for the Galactic potential, we find that the Perseus complex is not dispersing. The observed expansion might be a projection effect due to stars orbiting the Galaxy at different velocities. In addition, we find that the LISCA I and W345 systems formed some 20-30 Myr ago just a few hundred parsecs away, while LISCA II was originally ≃0.75-1 kpc apart. Finally, we also assessed the impact of spiral arm perturbations by constructing a tailored Galactic potential that matches the observed Galactic spiral arm structure. We find that spiral structures drag star clusters toward higher-density regions, possibly keeping clusters closer for longer than the unperturbed, axisymmetric case.

Abstract Copyright: © The Authors 2025

Journal keyword(s): methods: data analysis - astrometry - stars: formation - stars: kinematics and dynamics - open clusters and associations: general - galaxies: star clusters: general

Status at CDS : All or part of tables of objects could be ingested in SIMBAD with priority 2.

Simbad objects: 47

goto Full paper

goto View the references in ADS

Number of rows : 47
N Identifier Otype ICRS (J2000)
RA 		ICRS (J2000)
DEC 		Mag U Mag B Mag V Mag R Mag I Sp type #ref
1850 - 2026 		#notes
1 GRS G118.10 +05.00 Rad 00 01 14 +67 24.7           ~ 22 1
2 W 2 Rad 00 42.7 +41 16           ~ 2 0
3 M 103 OpC 01 33 21.1 +60 39 13   7.72 7.4     ~ 212 0
4 NGC 637 OpC 01 43 06.1 +64 02 16   8.56 8.2     ~ 86 0
5 NGC 654 OpC 01 44 01.5 +61 53 06   7.34 6.5     ~ 206 0
6 NGC 659 OpC 01 44 24.2 +60 40 35   8.40 7.9     ~ 96 0
7 NGC 663 OpC 01 46 22.2 +61 12 53   7.78 7.1     ~ 269 0
8 Cl Berkeley 6 OpC 01 51 13.3 +61 03 39           ~ 27 0
9 Cl Berkeley 7 OpC 01 54 11.7 +62 22 03           ~ 49 0
10 UBC 1242 OpC 01 55 34.9 +63 46 29           ~ 4 0
11 Cl Czernik 6 OpC 02 02 08.4 +62 50 23           ~ 38 0
12 DSH J0207.3+6015 OpC 02 07 25.2 +60 15 26           ~ 27 1
13 NGC 869 OpC 02 18 57.0 +57 08 02           ~ 504 0
14 Cl Basel 10 OpC 02 19 27.8 +58 18 17   11.19 9.9     ~ 45 0
15 [DVT2021] LISCA I As* 02 22 07.0 +57 09 48           ~ 7 0
16 NGC 884 OpC 02 22 15.7 +57 08 59           ~ 503 0
17 W 3 MoC 02 27 04.10 +61 52 27.1           ~ 1064 3
18 Cl Tombaugh 4 OpC 02 29 13.2 +61 47 12           ~ 31 0
19 Cl Mrk 6 OpC 02 29 31.0 +60 35 39   7.53 7.1     ~ 72 0
20 NAME Heart Nebula HII 02 32.7 +61 27           ~ 336 1
21 HD 15558 Y*O 02 32 42.5366901168 +61 27 21.572901360 7.82 8.37 7.87 7.34 6.94 O4.5III(f) 324 0
22 HD 15570 Y*O 02 32 49.4207394600 +61 22 42.089384892 8.40 8.80 8.11 7.41 6.86 O4If 316 0
23 IC 1805 OpC 02 32 52.1 +61 28 36           ~ 542 1
24 HD 15629 Y*O 02 33 20.5873992264 +61 31 18.188762844 8.23 8.85 8.42     O4.5V((fc)) 255 0
25 NGC 957 OpC 02 33 25.4 +57 33 13   8.34 7.6     ~ 110 0
26 Cl Berkeley 65 OpC 02 39 03.0 +60 24 16   11.17 10.2     ~ 35 0
27 NAME W3/W4/W5 Region SFR 02 40.0 +61 00           ~ 34 0
28 UBC 420 OpC 02 41 19.9 +60 52 16           ~ 6 0
29 NGC 1027 OpC 02 42 38.2 +61 36 49   7.28 6.7     ~ 109 0
30 HD 17505 ** 02 51 07.97514 +60 25 03.8720 6.83 7.47 7.07     O6.5III((f))n+O8V 205 0
31 IC 1848 OpC 02 51 19.4 +60 25 32   6.87 6.5     ~ 522 2
32 BD+60 586 * 02 54 10.6733578416 +60 39 03.492857052 9.632 8.713 8.489 8.893   O7Vz 103 0
33 SFO 12 Cld 02 54 58.0 +60 36 06           ~ 24 0
34 SAI 24 OpC 02 59 10.8 +60 33 42           ~ 29 0
35 HD 18326 Y*O 02 59 23.1709737312 +60 33 59.519691216 9.211 8.21 7.94     O6.5V((f))z+O9/B0V: 142 0
36 V* V1018 Cas Y*O 03 01 19.3722315320 +60 34 20.259860968           ~ 20 0
37 ACO 426 ClG 03 19 47.6 +41 30 54           ~ 2508 1
38 NAME Per Arm PoG 03 30 +45.0           ~ 1672 0
39 NAME Perseus Cloud SFR 03 35.0 +31 13           ~ 1553 0
40 NAME Per Region reg 03 37 00.0 +31 15 00           ~ 296 0
41 NAME Gal Anticenter reg 05 46 +28.9           ~ 1024 0
42 NAME Car-Sgr Arm PoG 15 00 -40.0           ~ 581 1
43 NAME Galactic Center reg 17 45 39.60213 -29 00 22.0000           ~ 16269 0
44 NAME Outer Arm PoG 21 48 +69.4           ~ 370 0
45 NAME Galactic Bar reg ~ ~           ~ 1458 0
46 NAME Local Arm reg ~ ~           ~ 649 0
47 NAME Scutum Spiral Arm PoG ~ ~           ~ 393 0

To bookmark this query, right click on this link: simbad:objects in 2025A&A...698A.142D and select 'bookmark this link' or equivalent in the popup menu