2025A&A...699A.163V

Query : 2025A&A...699A.163V

2025A&A...699A.163V - Astronomy and Astrophysics, volume 699A163 (2025/7-1)

The Pristine Inner Galaxy Survey (PIGS) XI. Revealing the chemical evolution of the interacting Sagittarius dwarf galaxy.

VITALI S., ROJAS-ARRIAGADA A., JOFRE P., SESTITO F., POVICK J., HILL V., FERNANDEZ-ALVAR E., ARDERN-ARENTSEN A., JABLONKA P., MARTIN N.F., STARKENBURG E. and AGUADO D.

Abstract (from CDS):

Context. The Sagittarius dwarf spheroidal galaxy (Sgr dSph) is a satellite orbiting the Milky Way that has experienced multiple stripping events due to tidal interactions with our Galaxy. Its accretion history has led to a distinct stellar overdensity, which is the remnant of the core of the progenitor.
Aims. We present a complete chemical analysis of 111 giant stars in the core of Sgr dSph to investigate the chemical evolution and enrichment history of this satellite.
Methods. Employing the metallicity-sensitive Ca H&K photometry from the Pristine Inner Galaxy Survey, we selected stars that span a wide metallicity range and obtained high-resolution spectra with the ESO FLAMES/GIRAFFE multiobject spectrograph. For the stellar sample covering - 2.13 < [Fe/H] < - 0.35, we derived abundances for up to 14 chemical elements with average uncertainties of ∼ 0.09 dex and a set of stellar ages that allowed us to build an age-metallicity relation (AMR) for the entire sample.
Results. With the most comprehensive set of chemical species measured for the core of Sgr (Na, Mg, Al, Si, Ca, Sc, Ti, V, Cr, Co, Ba, La, and Eu), we studied several [X/Fe] ratios. Most trends align closely with Galactic chemical trends, but notable differences emerge in the heavy n-capture elements, which offer independent insights into the star formation history of a stellar population.
Conclusions. The deficiency in α elements with respect to the Milky Way suggests a slower, less efficient early star formation history, similar to other massive satellites. S -process element patterns indicate significant enrichment from Asymptotic giant branch stars over time. The AMR and chemical ratios point to an extended star formation history, with a rapid early phase in the first gigayears, followed by declining activity and later star-forming episodes. These findings are consistent with Sgr hosting multiple stellar populations, from young (∼4 Gyr) to old, metal-poor stars (∼10 Gyr).

Abstract Copyright: © The Authors 2025

Journal keyword(s): techniques: spectroscopic - stars: abundances - stars: Population II - galaxies: abundances - galaxies: dwarf

VizieR on-line data: <Available at CDS (J/A+A/699/A163): table2.dat table3_1.dat table3_2.dat table3_3.dat>

Simbad objects: 125

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Number of rows : 125
N Identifier Otype ICRS (J2000)
RA 		ICRS (J2000)
DEC 		Mag U Mag B Mag V Mag R Mag I Sp type #ref
1850 - 2026 		#notes
1 NAME SMC G 00 52 38.0 -72 48 01   2.79 2.2     ~ 12317 1
2 NAME Sculptor Dwarf Galaxy G 01 00 09.4 -33 42 32   9.79 8.6 8.81   ~ 1498 4
3 MCG-06-07-001 G 02 39 59.3 -34 26 57   9.02 7.4     ~ 1894 1
4 NAME LMC G 05 23 34.6 -69 45 22     0.4     ~ 19090 0
5 NAME Galactic Center reg 17 45 39.60213 -29 00 22.0000           ~ 16269 0
6 V* HR Sgr Mi* 18 28 22.1453266656 -28 14 27.999733128     14   9.5 M9 7 0
7 M 54 GlC 18 55 03.33 -30 28 47.5           ~ 1164 0
8 NAME SDG G 18 55 19.0 -30 32 43   4.5 3.6     ~ 2438 2
9 Gaia DR3 6760354154012709760 * 18 56 33.5501961543 -30 54 22.562157546           ~ 2 0
10 Gaia DR3 6760353947854270464 * 18 56 35.4006721656 -30 54 53.274337677           ~ 2 0
11 Gaia DR3 6760342089421810560 * 18 56 38.5518757649 -30 57 31.082256625           ~ 1 0
12 Gaia DR3 6760355695878421120 * 18 56 39.1754658759 -30 48 59.128208820           ~ 1 0
13 Gaia DR3 6760382569517436416 * 18 56 41.0005307389 -30 44 57.242055333           ~ 2 0
14 Gaia DR3 6760354703768522752 * 18 56 42.6747319996 -30 52 09.865394690           ~ 2 0
15 Gaia DR3 6760355661518671232 * 18 56 42.8019206178 -30 49 28.564547986           ~ 2 0
16 Gaia DR3 6760354016573733120 * 18 56 43.0569153136 -30 54 56.188532766           ~ 2 0
17 Gaia DR3 6760341853226325760 * 18 56 45.9416588867 -30 57 19.532059515           ~ 2 0
18 2MASS J18564659-3045181 RG* 18 56 46.5915118944 -30 45 18.188108028           ~ 13 0
19 Gaia DR3 6760354497610082816 * 18 56 47.0959440874 -30 52 09.148025925           ~ 2 0
20 Gaia DR3 6760354802525150720 * 18 56 47.3973246068 -30 51 43.152693907           ~ 2 0
21 Gaia DR3 6760341784506836224 * 18 56 48.4625633708 -30 58 44.120346839           ~ 2 0
22 Gaia DR3 6760341956305537664 * 18 56 49.1723747657 -30 57 01.154516347           ~ 1 0
23 Gaia DR3 6760378377629282304 * 18 56 49.5785647925 -30 48 55.128457992           ~ 3 0
24 Gaia DR3 6760354428890591360 * 18 56 49.6018833545 -30 53 38.270980314           ~ 2 0
25 Gaia DR3 6760340994232841344 * 18 56 50.7395963643 -30 59 46.167612303           ~ 2 0
26 Gaia DR3 6760341887591769472 * 18 56 51.3717990364 -30 57 41.733662945           ~ 2 0
27 2MASS J18565240-3043070 * 18 56 52.4018045712 -30 43 07.172882112           ~ 3 0
28 UCAC4 295-218751 * 18 56 52.8754352820 -31 01 30.462327445       15.761   ~ 6 0
29 Gaia DR3 6760378407665491328 * 18 56 53.5700765335 -30 48 39.422852021           ~ 3 0
30 Gaia DR3 6760379301018735232 * 18 56 53.7498886660 -30 46 54.243586485           ~ 3 0
31 Gaia DR3 6760379992514497664 * 18 56 54.0282737457 -30 43 55.824584387           ~ 2 0
32 Gaia DR3 6760340753714657792 * 18 56 57.4324021515 -31 00 25.497827696           ~ 1 0
33 2MASS J18565919-3054454 Pe* 18 56 59.1897480000 -30 54 45.342467712           ~ 7 0
34 Gaia DR3 6760366278677747840 * 18 56 59.4591899466 -30 52 19.331784917           ~ 2 0
35 Gaia DR3 6760342506061347840 * 18 56 59.8044002008 -30 54 56.389392522           ~ 2 0
36 Gaia DR3 6760341092990642176 * 18 57 00.2162029023 -30 58 50.033357420           ~ 2 0
37 Gaia DR3 6760341097312049536 * 18 57 00.9325815392 -30 58 19.084965294           ~ 2 0
38 Gaia DR3 6760378957419851648 * 18 57 02.9332706486 -30 46 13.917602329           ~ 3 0
39 Gaia DR3 6760379816412805760 * 18 57 04.0081565674 -30 44 53.103370351           ~ 3 0
40 Gaia DR3 6760366416114787840 * 18 57 04.6199278532 -30 50 21.760490711           ~ 2 0
41 Gaia DR3 6760341269110730880 * 18 57 05.1447370786 -30 58 54.437627996           ~ 2 0
42 Gaia DR3 6760341264788075008 * 18 57 05.4227323198 -30 58 15.804276236           ~ 2 0
43 Gaia DR3 6760366008123375360 * 18 57 05.5830590183 -30 53 43.418163861           ~ 2 0
44 Gaia DR3 6760379850772555392 * 18 57 06.4709632282 -30 44 04.279546173           ~ 3 0
45 Gaia DR3 6760365939403893760 * 18 57 06.7145195089 -30 53 49.549537912           ~ 2 0
46 Gaia DR3 6760381435646033152 * 18 57 06.7327371905 -30 42 05.652466682           ~ 3 0
47 Gaia DR3 6760378996104551680 * 18 57 07.6160134940 -30 46 28.071349869           ~ 3 0
48 Gaia DR3 6760341612708124544 * 18 57 08.0482598725 -30 56 40.780154723           ~ 2 0
49 Gaia DR3 6760381332566994304 * 18 57 08.8920100634 -30 43 25.511254603           ~ 2 0
50 Gaia DR3 6760381366926534784 * 18 57 09.1533345812 -30 43 03.667605503           ~ 2 0
51 Gaia DR3 6760380576652528128 * 18 57 10.2615569577 -30 44 36.330844578           ~ 2 0
52 Gaia DR3 6760379026138819072 * 18 57 11.6107456356 -30 45 09.500378242           ~ 3 0
53 Gaia DR3 6760337553935914880 * 18 57 11.9704939871 -31 02 36.123834283           ~ 2 0
54 Gaia DR3 6760366076842850816 * 18 57 12.0723270340 -30 52 13.478419382           ~ 2 0
55 Gaia DR3 6760365114770140032 * 18 57 13.1820697712 -30 55 17.369497113           ~ 2 0
56 Gaia DR3 6760380507933269120 * 18 57 14.0960781782 -30 44 23.383388353           ~ 2 0
57 Gaia DR3 6760381500040022528 * 18 57 14.9365356349 -30 41 55.813597499           ~ 2 0
58 Gaia DR3 6760380297449134848 * 18 57 15.2472342313 -30 45 29.652591320           ~ 2 0
59 Gaia DR3 6760341372189940224 * 18 57 15.6498956670 -30 57 01.530821603           ~ 2 0
60 Gaia DR3 6760366106877135360 * 18 57 15.7018625795 -30 51 30.819000181           ~ 2 0
61 Gaia DR3 6760338417252435712 * 18 57 15.8279466438 -30 57 45.471752084           ~ 2 0
62 Gaia DR3 6760338382892689152 * 18 57 16.5534305537 -30 58 40.614180514           ~ 2 0
63 Gaia DR3 6760381946717637120 * 18 57 17.0837074074 -30 40 24.504151372           ~ 3 0
64 Gaia DR3 6760337901856325376 * 18 57 17.6633417815 -31 02 02.649741324           ~ 2 0
65 Gaia DR3 6760366519193998208 * 18 57 19.7406643385 -30 50 53.881802464           ~ 2 0
66 Gaia DR3 6760380370494060672 * 18 57 22.3838772114 -30 45 01.879238195           ~ 2 0
67 Gaia DR3 6760368516384571136 * 18 57 23.4972140296 -30 45 57.473052323           ~ 2 0
68 Gaia DR3 6760338034972262784 * 18 57 25.1159841364 -31 00 21.428558291           ~ 2 0
69 Gaia DR3 6760368447665091840 * 18 57 26.6463816798 -30 46 29.455287176           ~ 2 0
70 Gaia DR3 6760365801964913664 * 18 57 27.4869155207 -30 51 05.417452195           ~ 2 0
71 Gaia DR3 6760365385322616320 * 18 57 27.4939995550 -30 53 53.467487011           ~ 2 0
72 Gaia DR3 6760366656632965120 * 18 57 27.8591490018 -30 49 06.594470032           ~ 2 0
73 Gaia DR3 6760365591481057152 * 18 57 29.6698857673 -30 51 54.761897159           ~ 1 0
74 Gaia DR3 6760337004180101760 * 18 57 30.2729040277 -31 02 21.915324731           ~ 2 0
75 UCAC4 295-219031 Pe* 18 57 30.7661326774 -31 01 06.217091964       15.596   ~ 5 0
76 2MASS J18573083-3056371 * 18 57 30.8404935096 -30 56 37.168494612           ~ 7 0
77 Gaia DR3 6760365595806461952 * 18 57 32.8995612799 -30 51 42.253802555           ~ 2 0
78 Gaia DR3 6760362469048650368 * 18 57 33.1927298490 -30 53 38.643045118           ~ 2 0
79 Gaia DR3 6760360815479076480 * 18 57 33.7118271683 -30 58 45.536560716           ~ 2 0
80 Gaia DR3 6760362365991018368 * 18 57 33.7313470177 -30 54 50.494661296           ~ 2 0
81 Gaia DR3 6760367309467985024 * 18 57 34.6465751793 -30 50 14.653918970           ~ 2 0
82 Gaia DR3 6760360751083255680 * 18 57 34.7871002940 -30 59 52.751591879           ~ 2 0
83 2MASS J18573483-3051081 * 18 57 34.8392926704 -30 51 08.145268488           K 3 0
84 Gaia DR3 6760367103309552512 * 18 57 35.2274309028 -30 50 34.052979828           ~ 2 0
85 Gaia DR3 6760362400350755712 * 18 57 35.5139491070 -30 54 29.631863865           ~ 1 0
86 [WIC96] RV 18 * 18 57 36.0190066560 -30 48 32.159041272           ~ 3 0
87 Gaia DR3 6760361708832287488 * 18 57 36.2167023043 -30 56 51.654618477           ~ 2 0
88 Gaia DR3 6760360746759593984 * 18 57 36.3194323484 -30 59 41.490526919           ~ 2 0
89 Gaia DR3 6760360918558292864 * 18 57 36.6659138850 -30 58 32.992981124           ~ 2 0
90 Gaia DR3 6760368997420639360 * 18 57 36.6816263960 -30 43 38.058120170           ~ 2 0
91 Gaia DR3 6760386898844364544 * 18 57 36.7199382254 -30 40 20.546694294           ~ 2 0
92 Gaia DR3 6760362159832568448 * 18 57 37.1123687555 -30 55 55.108353058           ~ 1 0
93 Gaia DR3 6760149301246198272 * 18 57 38.7898790987 -31 03 18.673810887           ~ 2 0
94 Gaia DR3 6760367034596500736 * 18 57 40.1144490467 -30 50 49.266670563           ~ 2 0
95 Gaia DR3 6760360540600894592 * 18 57 40.2870854422 -31 00 13.784486708           ~ 2 0
96 Gaia DR3 6760149228210069120 * 18 57 40.7825727247 -31 03 43.772650459           ~ 2 0
97 Gaia DR3 6760362537789712512 * 18 57 41.4557977855 -30 52 43.900023324           ~ 1 0
98 Gaia DR3 6760360643680377984 * 18 57 42.8152230980 -30 59 57.148641104           ~ 2 0
99 Gaia DR3 6760361266479328000 * 18 57 43.5422347076 -30 58 01.249159600           ~ 1 0
100 2MASS J18574469-3045060 * 18 57 44.6918248992 -30 45 06.087313548           K 3 0
101 Gaia DR3 6760375010375119104 * 18 57 46.2169531383 -30 42 17.675750757           ~ 1 0
102 Gaia DR3 6760362258588112384 * 18 57 47.2778676961 -30 54 42.712595616           ~ 2 0
103 Gaia DR3 6760363809100008320 * 18 57 48.4035468154 -30 53 11.791862515           ~ 2 0
104 Gaia DR3 6760368069707651200 * 18 57 48.5166159888 -30 45 21.115003940           ~ 2 0
105 Gaia DR3 6760362262911763072 * 18 57 48.5224142348 -30 54 46.985624672           ~ 2 0
106 Gaia DR3 6760361025961131392 * 18 57 50.7398933727 -30 58 21.137655178           ~ 2 0
107 Gaia DR3 6760364148373745024 * 18 57 51.0386758106 -30 51 10.119540530           ~ 2 0
108 Gaia DR3 6760373975257294720 * 18 57 51.4809188252 -30 43 53.345133724           ~ 2 0
109 Gaia DR3 6760373979582653824 * 18 57 53.2874807427 -30 43 51.545340256           ~ 1 0
110 Gaia DR3 6760373975257290880 * 18 57 54.4738042891 -30 44 05.393447539           ~ 2 0
111 Gaia DR3 6760361227795953024 * 18 57 56.2390451156 -30 56 15.875910525           ~ 2 0
112 Gaia DR3 6760173353064129152 * 18 57 56.8426515136 -30 59 08.087547419           ~ 2 0
113 Gaia DR3 6760173456143355520 * 18 57 57.2182189543 -30 58 02.850069575           ~ 2 0
114 Gaia DR3 6760173451832103552 * 18 57 57.7949993977 -30 58 48.049311357           ~ 2 0
115 Gaia DR3 6760361163400074752 * 18 57 59.4802604010 -30 56 58.251822390           ~ 2 0
116 UCAC4 296-215650 * 18 58 00.9666839374 -30 56 21.690827995   17.530 16.052 15.655   ~ 6 0
117 Gaia DR3 6760174963660628224 * 18 58 01.9293057373 -30 57 01.446385595           ~ 2 0
118 Gaia DR3 6760370681047713408 * 18 58 03.6876209501 -30 46 32.583550808           ~ 2 0
119 Gaia DR3 6760362881387004160 * 18 58 05.7766276699 -30 54 29.577485370           ~ 2 0
120 Cl Terzan 7 GlC 19 17 43.92 -34 39 27.8           ~ 460 0
121 Cl Arp 2 GlC 19 28 44.11 -30 21 20.3     12.41     ~ 384 0
122 Cl Terzan 8 GlC 19 41 44.41 -33 59 58.1     11.54     ~ 357 0
123 NAME Gaia Enceladus-Sausage St* ~ ~           ~ 860 0
124 NAME Sgr Region reg ~ ~           ~ 47 0
125 NAME Local Group GrG ~ ~           ~ 9325 0

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