2025A&A...701A.289D

Query : 2025A&A...701A.289D

2025A&A...701A.289D - Astronomy and Astrophysics, volume 701A289 (2025/9-1)

Stellar Population Astrophysics (SPA) with the TNG Non-local thermodynamic equilibrium atmospheric parameters and abundances of giant stars in 33 open clusters.

DAL PONTE M., D'ORAZI V., BRAGAGLIA A., CASEY A.R., STORM N., SPINA L., ALONSO-SANTIAGO J., ANDREUZZI G., FRASCA A., KOS J., LUCATELLO S., ROMANO D., VALLENARI A. and VERNEKAR N.

Abstract (from CDS):

Context. Open clusters serve as important tools for accurately studying the chemical evolution of the Milky Way. By combining precise chemical data from high-resolution spectra with information on their distances and ages, we can effectively uncover the processes that have shaped our Galaxy.
Aims. This study aims to derive non-local thermodynamic equilibrium (NLTE) atmospheric parameters and chemical abundances for approximately one hundred giant stars across 33 open clusters with near-solar metallicity. The clusters span a wide range of ages, enabling an assessment of the presence and extent of any age-related abundance gradients.
Methods. In the Stellar Population Astrophysics (SPA) project, we acquired new high-resolution spectra of giant stars in a sample of open clusters using the HARPS-N echelle spectrograph at the Telescopio Nazionale Galileo. We chemically characterized nine open clusters for the first time and reanalyzed previously studied SPA clusters, resulting in a consistent and homogeneous sample.
Results. We determined NLTE atmospheric parameters using the equivalent width method and derived NLTE chemical abundances through spectral synthesis for various elements, including α elements (Mg, Si, and Ti), light odd-Z elements (Na, Al), iron-peak elements (Mn, Co, and Ni), and neutron-capture elements (Sr, Y, and Eu). We compared our findings with the existing literature, which revealed a good agreement. We examined the trends of [X/Fe] versus age, confirming previous observations and the enrichment patterns predicted by nucleosynthesis processes. Positive correlations with age are present for a elements such as Mg, Si, Ti, and odd-Z Al, and iron-peak elements Mn, Co, Ni, and Sr, while Na and neutron-capture Y and Eu show a negative trend. This study emphasizes the significance of NLTE corrections and reinforces the utility of open clusters as tracers of Galactic chemical evolution. Furthermore, we provide a benchmark sample of NLTE abundances for upcoming open cluster surveys within large-scale projects, such as 4MOST and WEAVE.

Abstract Copyright: © The Authors 2025

Journal keyword(s): stars: abundances - stars: evolution - Galaxy: abundances - Galaxy: disk - Galaxy: evolution - open clusters and associations: general

VizieR on-line data: <Available at CDS (J/A+A/701/A289): table2.dat table3.dat>

Status at CDS : Tables of objects will be appraised for possible ingestion in SIMBAD.

Simbad objects: 39

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Number of rows : 39
N Identifier Otype ICRS (J2000)
RA 		ICRS (J2000)
DEC 		Mag U Mag B Mag V Mag R Mag I Sp type #ref
1850 - 2026 		#notes
1 Cl Gulliver 24 OpC 00 04 34.1 +62 50 34           ~ 20 0
2 Cl Alessi 1 OpC 00 53 31.9 +49 32 18           ~ 62 0
3 NAME COIN-Gaia 30 OpC 01 24 29.3 +70 30 09           ~ 23 0
4 Cl Collinder 463 OpC 01 48 35.6 +71 44 28           ~ 70 0
5 NGC 752 OpC 01 56 53.7 +37 45 06           ~ 712 0
6 Cl Gulliver 51 OpC 02 01 18.0 +63 47 36           ~ 21 0
7 Cl Stock 2 OpC 02 15 47.8 +59 33 12           ~ 155 0
8 UBC 194 OpC 02 30 45.9 +48 18 59           ~ 15 0
9 [KPR2005] 11 OpC 03 32 18.3 +44 51 57           ~ 48 0
10 Cl Tombaugh 5 OpC 03 47 56.6 +59 04 14   9.01 8.4     ~ 55 0
11 UBC 60 OpC 04 32 32.05680856 +39 29 48.4988254           ~ 3 0
12 NAME Basel 11B OpC 05 58 11.8 +21 57 43   9.46 8.9     ~ 55 1
13 Cl Basel 11 OpC 07 17 11.8 -13 58 42           ~ 42 0
14 NGC 2437 OpC 07 41 45.4 -14 50 42           ~ 174 0
15 NGC 2509 OpC 08 00 48.4 -19 03 28     9.3     ~ 39 0
16 NGC 2548 OpC 08 13 34.0 -05 43 11           ~ 227 0
17 NGC 2632 OpC 08 39 58.4 +19 36 33           ~ 1733 0
18 NGC 2682 OpC 08 51 23.5 +11 48 54           ~ 2528 0
19 IC 4607 BiC 16 30 15.8695593984 +24 34 27.639496272           ~ 19 0
20 NAME Galactic Center reg 17 45 39.60213 -29 00 22.0000           ~ 16269 0
21 Cl Collinder 350 OpC 17 47 54.6 +01 31 22     6.1     ~ 73 0
22 Cl Ruprecht 171 OpC 18 32 03.4 -16 03 59           ~ 43 0
23 IC 4756 OpC 18 38 39.0 +05 26 14           ~ 274 0
24 UBC 577 OpC 18 48 33.8 +22 05 24           ~ 15 0
25 UBC 3 OpC 18 55 08.2 +12 18 32           ~ 16 0
26 NGC 6800 OpC 19 26 50.5 +25 06 24           ~ 40 0
27 Cl Gulliver 37 OpC 19 28 22.2 +25 19 56           ~ 21 0
28 Cl Gulliver 18 OpC 20 11 40.0 +26 32 10           ~ 30 0
29 [KPR2005] 112 OpC 20 16 31.4 +52 03 32           ~ 44 0
30 UBC 131 OpC 20 40 57.7 +20 09 20           ~ 18 0
31 UBC 141 OpC 20 54 10.8 +35 39 42           ~ 16 0
32 NGC 6991 OpC 20 54 31.8 +47 23 26           ~ 77 2
33 NGC 7044 OpC 21 13 09.6 +42 29 39     12.0     ~ 72 0
34 NGC 7082 OpC 21 28 45.5 +47 06 13   7.70 7.2     ~ 65 0
35 NGC 7086 OpC 21 30 30.6 +51 35 37   9.25 8.4     ~ 93 1
36 NGC 7209 OpC 22 04 50.7 +46 30 11   8.24 7.7     ~ 144 0
37 UBC 170 OpC 22 31 20.4 +58 03 27           ~ 17 0
38 UBC 169 OpC 22 50 25.5 +49 28 46           ~ 16 0
39 UPK 219 OpC 23 27 53.0 +65 20 25           ~ 13 0

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