2025A&A...702A..59F

As ancient star clusters, globular clusters (GCs) are regarded as powerful tracers of galaxy evolution and assembly. Due to their brightness and compact sizes, GCs are employed to probe the kinematics and stellar population properties of galaxies, from the central regions out into the halo where the underlying stellar light becomes too faint for spectroscopic studies. In this work, we present a comprehensive study of the GC system of M 104 (NGC 4594, also known as the Sombrero galaxy) based on literature spectroscopic catalogues and newly collected data from Very Large Telescope (VLT) MUSE integral-field spectroscopy combined with multi-object spectroscopy from VLT FLAMES and OSIRIS at the Gran Telescopio de Canarias (GTC). We present a new catalogue of 499 GCs with radial velocity measurements that span from the inner disc region out to ∼70 kpc (24'). In addition to velocities, we measured metallicities from the MUSE, OSIRIS, and FLAMES spectra of 190 GCs. Together with literature values, we collected a sample of 278 metallicities. We found good agreement between the velocity and metallicity measurements of GCs observed with multiple instruments. Studying GC kinematics with a simple model confirms a decreasing velocity dispersion profile and low rotation velocities. The blue GCs appear to be more dispersion-dominated, while the red GCs follow the kinematics of the stars more closely. We find a large scatter of GC metallicities with distance from the centre, and metal-rich GCs are found over all radii. We discuss how the GC metallicity distribution with a broad metal-poor component likely reflects the complex assembly history of M 104.