2025A&A...702A.125A

Query : 2025A&A...702A.125A

2025A&A...702A.125A - Astronomy and Astrophysics, volume 702A125 (2025/10-1)

Constraining the TeV gamma-ray emission of SN 2024bch, a possible type IIn-L from a red supergiant progenitor Multiwavelength observations and analysis of the progenitor.

ABE K., ABE S., ABHISHEK A., ACERO F., AGUASCA-CABOT A., AGUDO I., ALISPACH C., AMBROSINO D., AMBROSINO F., ANTONELLI L.A., ARAMO C., ARBET-ENGELS A., ARCARO C., ARNESEN T.T.H., ASANO K., AUBERT P., BAKTASH A., BALBO M., BAMBA A., BAQUERO LARRIVA A., BARRES DE ALMEIDA U., BARRIO J.A., BARRIOS JIMENEZ L., BATKOVIC I., BAXTER J., BECERRA GONZALEZ J., BERNARDINI E., BERNETE J., BERTI A., BEZSHYIKO I., BIGONGIARI C., BISSALDI E., BLANCH O., BONNOLI G., BORDAS P., BORKOWSKI G., BRUNELLI G., BULGARELLI A., BUNSE M., BURELLI I., BURMISTROV L., CARDILLO M., CAROFF S., CAROSI A., CARRARO R., CARRASCO M.S., CASSOL F., CASTREJON N., CERASOLE D., CERIBELLA G., CERVINO CORTINEZ A., CHAI Y., CHENG K., CHIAVASSA A., CHIKAWA M., CHON G., CHYTKA L., CICCIARI G.M., CIFUENTES A., CONTRERAS J.L., CORTINA J., COSTANTINI H., DALCHENKO M., DA VELA P., DAZZI F., DE ANGELIS A., DE BONY DE LAVERGNE M., DEL BURGO R., DELGADO C., DELGADO MENGUAL J., DELLAIERA M., DELLA VOLPE D., DE LOTTO B., DEL PERAL L., DE MENEZES R., DE PALMA G., DIAZ C., DI PIANO A., DI PIERRO F., DI TRIA R., DI VENERE L., DOMINIK R.M., DOMINIS PRESTER D., DONINI A., DORE D., DORNER D., DORO M., EISENBERGER L., ELSASSER D., EMERY G., ESCUDERO J., FALLAH RAMAZANI V., FERRAROTTO F., FIASSON A., FOFFANO L., FRIAS GARCIA-LAGO F., FROSE S., FUKAZAWA Y., GALLOZZI S., GARCIA LOPEZ R., GARCIA SOTO S., GASBARRA C., GASPARRINI D., GEYER D., GIESBRECHT PAIVA J., GIGLIETTO N., GIORDANO F., GODINOVIC N., GRADETZKE T., GRAU R., GREEN D., GREEN J., GUNJI S., GUNTHER P., HACKFELD J., HADASCH D., HAHN A., HASHIZUME M., HASSAN T., HAYASHI K., HECKMANN L., HELLER M., HERRERA LLORENTE J., HIROTANI K., HOFFMANN D., HORNS D., HOULES J., HRABOVSKY M., HRUPEC D., HUI D., IARLORI M., IMAZAWA R., INADA T., INOME Y., INOUE S., IOKA K., IORI M., ITOKAWA T., IULIANO A., JAHANVI J., JIMENEZ MARTINEZ I., JIMENEZ QUILES J., JORGE RODRIGO I., JURYSEK J., KAGAYA M., KALASHEV O., KARAS V., KATAGIRI H., KERSZBERG D., KIYOMOT T., KOBAYASHI Y., KOHRI K., KONG A., KORNECKI P., KUBO H., KUSHIDA J., LACAVE B., LAINEZ M., LAMANNA G., LAMASTRA A., LEMOIGNE L., LINHOFF M., LOMBARDI S., LONGO F., LOPEZ-COTO R., LOPEZ-MOYA M., LOPEZ-ORAMAS A., LOPORCHIO S., LORINI A., LOZANO BAHILO J., LUCARELLI F., LUCIANI H., LUQUE-ESCAMILLA P.L., MAJUMDAR P., MAKARIEV M., MALLAMACI M., MANDAT D., MANGANARO M., MANIADAKIS D.K., MANICO G., MANNHEIM K., MARCHESI S., MARINI F., MARIOTTI M., MARQUEZ P., MARSELLA G., MARTI J., MARTINEZ O., MARTINEZ G., MARTINEZ M., MAS-AGUILAR A., MASSA M., MAURIN G., MAZIN D., MENDEZ-GALLEGO J., MENON S., MESTRE GUILLEN E., MICANOVIC S., MICELI D., MIENER T., MIRANDA J.M., MIRZOYAN R., MIZOTE M., MIZUNO T., MOLERO GONZALEZ M., MOLINA E., MONTARULI T., MORALEJO A., MORCUENDE D., MORENO RAMOS A., MORSELLI A., MOYA V., MURAISHI H., NAGATAKI S., NAKAMORI T., NERONOV A., NIETO CASTANO D., NIEVAS ROSILLO M., NIKOLIC L., NISHIJIMA K., NODA K., NOSEK D., NOVOTNY V., NOZAKI S., OHISHI M., OHTANI Y., OKA T., OKUMURA A., ORITO R., ORSINI L., OTERO-SANTOS J., OTTANELLI P., PALATIELLO M., PANEBIANCO G., PANEQUE D., PANTALEO F.R., PAOLETTI R., PAREDES J.M., PECH M., PECIMOTIKA M., PERESANO M., PFEIFLE F., PIETROPAOLO E., PIHET M., PIROLA G., PLARD C., PODOBNIK F., POLO M., PRANDINI E., PROUZA M., RAINO S., RANDO R., RHODE W., RIBO M., RIZI V., RODRIGUEZ FERNANDEZ G., RODRIGUEZ FRIAS M.D., ROMANO P., ROY A., RUINA A., RUIZ-VELASCO E., SAITO T., SAKURAI S., SANCHEZ D.A., SANO H., SARIC T., SATO Y., SATURNI F.G., SAVCHENKO V., SCHIAVONE F., SCHLEICHER B., SCHMUCKERMAIER F., SCHUBERT J.L., SCHUSSLER F., SCHWEIZER T., SEGLAR ARROYO M., SIEGERT T., SILVESTRI G., SIMONGINI A., SITAREK J., SLIUSAR V., STAMERRA A., STRISKOVIC J., STRZYS M., SUDA Y., SUNNY A., TAJIMA H., TAKAHASHI M., TAKATA J., TAKEISHI R., TAM P.H.T., TANAKA S.J., TATEISHI D., TAVERNIER T., TEMNIKOV P., TERADA Y., TERAUCHI K., TERZIC T., TESHIMA M., TLUCZYKONT M., TOKANAI F., TOMURA T., TORRES D.F., TRAMONTI F., TRAVNICEK P., TRIPODO G., TUTONE A., VACULA M., VAN SCHERPENBERG J., VAZQUEZ ACOSTA M., VENTURA S., VERCELLONE S., VERNA G., VIALE I., VIGLIANO A., VIGORITO C.F., VISENTIN E., VITALE V., VOITSEKHOVSKYI V., VOUTSINAS G., VOVK I., VUILLAUME T., WALTER R., WAN L., WILL M., WOJTOWICZ J., YAMAMOTO T., YAMAZAKI R., YAO Y., YEUNG P.K.H., YOSHIDA T., YOSHIKOSHI T. and ZHANG W.

Abstract (from CDS):

We present very high-energy optical photometry and spectroscopic observations of SN 2024bch in the nearby galaxy NGC 3206 (∼20 Mpc). We used gamma-ray observations performed with the first Large-Sized Telescope (LST-1) of the Cherenkov Telescope Array Observatory (CTAO) and optical observations with the Liverpool Telescope (LT) combined with data from public repositories to evaluate the general properties of the event and the progenitor star. No significant emission above the LST-1 energy threshold for this observation (∼100 GeV) was detected in the direction of SN 2024bch, and we computed an integral upper limit on the photon flux of Fγ(> 100 GeV)≤3.61 × 10–12 cm–2 s–1 based on six nonconsecutive nights of observations with the LST-1, between 16 and 38 days after the explosion. Employing a general model for the gamma-ray flux emission, we found an upper limit on the mass-loss-rate to wind-velocity ratio of $ \dot M/u_{\text{w}} \le 10^{-4} \frac{M_\odot}{\text{ yr}}\frac{\text{ s}}{\text{ km}} $, although gamma-gamma absorption could potentially have skewed this estimation, effectively weakening our constraint. From spectro-photometric observations we found progenitor parameters of Mpr = 11 - 20 M⊙ and Rpr = 531 ± 125 R⊙. Finally, using archival images from the Hubble Space Telescope, we constrained the luminosity of the progenitor star to log (Lpr/L⊙) ≤ 4.82 and its effective temperature to Tpr ≤ 4000 K. Our results suggest that SN 2024bch is a type IIn-L supernova that originated from a progenitor star consistent with a red supergiant. We show how the correct estimation of the mass-loss history of a supernova will play a major role in future multiwavelength observations.

Abstract Copyright: © The Authors 2025

Journal keyword(s): supernovae: general - supernovae: individual: SN 2024bch - gamma rays: general

Simbad objects: 8

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Number of rows : 8
N Identifier Otype ICRS (J2000)
RA 		ICRS (J2000)
DEC 		Mag U Mag B Mag V Mag R Mag I Sp type #ref
1850 - 2026 		#notes
1 SN 2007pk SN* 01 31 47.07 +33 36 54.1     17.0     SNIInpec 44 1
2 SN 2013fc SN* 02 45 08.95 -55 44 27.3           SNIIn 20 0
3 SN 2009kr SN* 05 12 03.30 -15 41 52.2           SNII 93 1
4 SN 1987A SN* 05 35 27.98840 -69 16 11.1134           SNIIpec 5203 2
5 NGC 3206 AG? 10 21 47.582 +56 55 49.47   12.7       ~ 110 0
6 SN 2024bch SN* 10 21 49.740 +56 55 40.51           SNII 8 0
7 SN 1998S SN* 11 46 06.1 +47 28 55     12.2     SNIIn 517 1
8 SN 2008fq SN* 20 25 06.19 -24 48 27.6           SNII 47 1

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