2025A&A...702A.140M

Query : 2025A&A...702A.140M

2025A&A...702A.140M - Astronomy and Astrophysics, volume 702A140 (2025/10-1)

Twenty years of blazar monitoring with the INAF radio telescopes.

MARCHILI N., RIGHINI S., GIROLETTI M., RAITERI C.M., GIRI R.P., CARNERERO M.I., VILLATA M., BACH U., CASSARO P., LIUZZO E., BUEMI C.S., LETO P., TRIGILIO C., UMANA G., BONATO M., PATRICELLI B. and STAMERRA A.

Abstract (from CDS):

Context. The extreme variability of blazars, in both timescale and amplitude, is generally explained as the effect of a relativistic jet closely aligned with the observer's line of sight. Via causality arguments, variability characteristics translate into spatial information about the emitting region of blazars. Since radiation at different wavelengths is emitted in different parts of the jet, multi-frequency observations provide us with a virtual view of the structure of the jet on different scales. Radio-γ-ray correlations, moreover, are essential to revealing where and how the high-energy radiation is produced.
Aims. We present the observations collected within the blazar radio monitoring programme that we are running at the Medicina and Noto telescopes. Its aim is to investigate how the variability characteristics and spectral energy distribution of blazars evolve in time.
Methods. Beginning in 2004, observation were performed at 5, 8, 24, and 43 GHz on 47 targets with a monthly cadence; the monitoring programme is still active at frequencies of 8 and 24 GHz.
Results. The database we have built over more than 20 years of activity comprises to date about 21 000 flux density measurements. Some basic analysis tools have been applied to the data to characterise the detected variability and offer a first glance at the wealth of information that such a programme can provide about blazars.

Abstract Copyright: © The Authors 2025

Journal keyword(s): radiation mechanisms: non-thermal - astronomical databases: miscellaneous - galaxies: active - BL Lacertae objects: general - quasars: general - radio continuum: galaxies

VizieR on-line data: <Available at CDS (J/A+A/702/A140): tablea1.dat tablea2.dat dataall.dat>

Status at CDS : Tables of objects will be appraised for possible ingestion in SIMBAD.

Simbad objects: 52

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Number of rows : 52
N Identifier Otype ICRS (J2000)
RA 		ICRS (J2000)
DEC 		Mag U Mag B Mag V Mag R Mag I Sp type #ref
1850 - 2026 		#notes
1 3C 66A BLL 02 22 39.6114771888 +43 02 07.799534304   15.71 15.21 14.5   ~ 942 2
2 QSO B0235+1624 BLL 02 38 38.93010450 +16 36 59.2745528   16.46 15.50 15.92   ~ 1614 2
3 NGC 1275 Bla 03 19 48.1599902040 +41 30 42.108850836   13.10 12.48 11.09   ~ 4243 3
4 6C 032130+340016 BLL 03 24 41.1612813408 +34 10 45.857918460     15.72 13.1   ~ 314 1
5 QSO B0336-0156 Bla 03 39 30.93778633 -01 46 35.8041892   18.96 18.41 17.33   ~ 598 1
6 6C 035545+504923 Bla 03 59 29.74727351 +50 57 50.1618607           ~ 480 1
7 QSO B0420-0127 Bla 04 23 15.80072217 -01 20 33.0656073   17.50 17.00 16.28   ~ 1263 3
8 NAME Per B SyG 04 37 04.37535450 +29 40 13.8179631   21.7       ~ 533 2
9 QSO B0440-003 Bla 04 42 38.66072366 -00 17 43.4209582   19.59 19.22 17.85   ~ 433 1
10 PMN J0509+0541 BLL 05 09 25.9644373872 +05 41 35.333820420 15.32 14.95 14.78 15.12   ~ 589 2
11 QSO J0530+13 Bla 05 30 56.41674741 +13 31 55.1494688     20.00 19.35   ~ 1004 1
12 8C 0716+714 BLL 07 21 53.4482942664 +71 20 36.363846516   15.5 15.50 14.27   ~ 1388 1
13 QSO J0738+1742 BLL 07 38 07.39375312 +17 42 18.9981506   16.76 16.22 15.78   ~ 1045 1
14 QSO B0736+01 Bla 07 39 18.03389906 +01 37 04.6177501   16.90 16.47 16.19   ~ 738 1
15 7C 082754.29+242103.00 Bla 08 30 52.08619250 +24 10 59.8202919   17.62 17.26 16.30   ~ 563 1
16 QSO B0829+047 BLL 08 31 48.8770033992 +04 29 39.086842884   17.10 16.4 14.55   ~ 511 2
17 3C 207.0 Bla 08 40 47.58842599 +13 12 23.5637506   18.58 18.15 17.622   ~ 455 1
18 4C 71.07 Bla 08 41 24.36528508 +70 53 42.1730435     17.30 16.8   ~ 818 1
19 PG 0851+202 BLL 08 54 48.8749846272 +20 06 30.639583620   15.649 15.146 15.446   ~ 2513 1
20 2MASS J09022718+0443088 Sy1 09 02 27.1589566512 +04 43 09.590616912   19.46 19.12     ~ 41 1
21 6C 095456+654857 BLL 09 58 47.2451872176 +65 33 54.819354600     17.0 15.75   ~ 771 1
22 Z 184-50 BLL 11 04 27.3140835504 +38 12 31.798495872   13.50 12.90 8.31   ~ 2841 1
23 Ton 599 Bla 11 59 31.83391383 +29 14 43.8268224   14.80 14.41 17.652 13.39 ~ 989 1
24 7C 1219+2830 BLL 12 21 31.6904439888 +28 13 58.500308172   16.81 16.11 14.24   ~ 924 1
25 7C 122223.5+213929 Bla 12 24 54.4583146056 +21 22 46.385507388   17.56 17.50 18.2   ~ 770 2
26 3C 273 BLL 12 29 06.6998257176 +02 03 08.597629980   13.05 14.830 14.11   ~ 6022 1
27 3C 279 Bla 12 56 11.16657958 -05 47 21.5251510   18.01 17.75 15.87   ~ 3205 2
28 3C 286 Sy1 13 31 08.2883506368 +30 30 32.960091564   17.51 17.25     ~ 4558 2
29 QSO B1334-127 Bla 13 37 39.78278132 -12 57 24.6933925   18.5 19.00 16.22   ~ 540 1
30 4C 19.44 Bla 13 57 04.4366598768 +19 19 07.371837768   16.33 16.03 15.3   ~ 472 2
31 3C 295 Sy1 14 11 20.6 +52 12 09   22.34 20.80 18.54   ~ 1021 4
32 7C 1441+2514 Bla 14 43 56.89220390 +25 01 44.4907165   19.5   19.7   ~ 179 1
33 QSO J1512-0906 Bla 15 12 50.53293048 -09 05 59.8297908   16.74 16.54     ~ 1409 1
34 PG 1553+113 BLL 15 55 43.0440048528 +11 11 24.365649948 14.91 14.72 14.57 13.99   ~ 672 1
35 4C 10.45 Bla 16 08 46.20318700 +10 29 07.7757424   18.5 18.70 18.03   ~ 409 1
36 6C 161147+342017 Bla 16 13 41.06424322 +34 12 47.9088535   17.98 17.46 17.07   ~ 673 1
37 4C 38.41 Bla 16 35 15.49297809 +38 08 04.5005995   18.14 17.97 17.25   ~ 906 1
38 3C 345 Bla 16 42 58.80997043 +39 48 36.9939552   16.81 16.59 16.84   ~ 1808 3
39 Z 225-7 BLL 16 53 52.21668403 +39 45 36.6088754 14.09 14.15 13.29 8.26   ~ 2304 2
40 QSO B1730-130 Bla 17 33 02.70578907 -13 04 49.5482119   18 19.50 18.78 17.39 ~ 1198 1
41 QSO B1741-038 Bla 17 43 58.85613537 -03 50 04.6167326     20.40 17.98   ~ 583 1
42 Z 340-35 BLL 18 06 50.6802916920 +69 49 28.109609256   14.77 14.22 11.39   ~ 909 1
43 2C 1569 Bla 18 29 31.7809732968 +48 44 46.160168892   17.05 16.81 16.860   ~ 713 1
44 QSO B1830-211 Bla 18 33 39.9399138048 -21 03 39.368838780     18.70 21   ~ 724 1
45 QSO B1959+650 BLL 19 59 59.8520303688 +65 08 54.652536492     12.8 11.21   ~ 699 2
46 NGC 7027 PN 21 07 01.571952 +42 14 10.47120   10.358 8.831 10.157   ~ 2541 1
47 NAME BL Lac BLL 22 02 43.2913536816 +42 16 39.979416792   15.66 14.72     ~ 2397 1
48 3C 446 BLL 22 25 47.25929101 -04 57 01.3907626   18.83 18.39 16.3   ~ 863 1
49 4C 11.69 Bla 22 32 36.40890093 +11 43 50.9040592   17.75 17.33     ~ 1205 2
50 3C 454.3 Bla 22 53 57.7480438728 +16 08 53.561508864   16.57 16.10 15.22   ~ 3004 2
51 4C 09.74 Bla 23 46 36.8384562240 +09 30 45.514903032   16.23 15.97 15.99   ~ 332 2
52 QSO B2344+514 BLL 23 47 04.8372110928 +51 42 17.877513168     15.50 10.7   ~ 500 1

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