2025A&A...703A..77C

Query : 2025A&A...703A..77C

2025A&A...703A..77C - Astronomy and Astrophysics, volume 703A77 (2025/11-1)

Hunting pre-stellar cores with APEX: Overview.

CASELLI P., SPEZZANO S., REDAELLI E., HARJU J., ARZOUMANIAN D., LIQUE F., SIPILA O., PINEDA J.E., WIRSTROM E., WYROWSKI F. and BELLOCHE A.

Abstract (from CDS):

Context. Pre-stellar cores are centrally concentrated starless cores on the verge of star formation and they represent the initial conditions for star and planet formation. Pre-stellar cores host an active organic chemistry and isotopic fractionation, kept stored in thick icy mantles, that can be inherited by the future protoplanetary disks and planetesimals. It is therefore important to study pre-stellar cores, but this is difficult as they are short-lived, and thus rare. So far, only a few pre-stellar cores have been studied in detail, with special attention being paid to the prototypical pre-stellar core L1544 in the Taurus Molecular Cloud.
Aims. Our aim is to identify nearby (<200 pc) pre-stellar cores in an unbiased way, to build a sample that can then be studied in detail. This will also allow us to explore the effect of the environment on the chemical and physical structure of pre-stellar cores.
Methods. We first used the archival Herschel Gould Belt Survey data, selecting all those starless cores with central H2 number densities higher than or equal to 3×105 cm–3, the density of L1544 within the Herschel beam of 20″. The selected 40 (out of 1746) cores were then observed in N2H+ (3-2) and N2D+ (4-3) using the APEX antenna.
Results. Following a simple analysis, a total of 17 bona fide (i.e., with a deuterium fraction larger than 10%) pre-stellar cores have been identified. Another 16 objects can also be considered pre-stellar, as they are dynamically evolved starless cores, but their deuterium fractions is relatively low (<10%); thus, they deserve further scrutiny to unveil the source of the low deuteration. Of the remaining seven objects, six have been found to be associated with a young stellar object, and one (CrA 151) presents hints of a very young (or very low-luminosity) stellar object.
Conclusions. Dust continuum emission, together with spectroscopic observations of N2H+ (3-2) and N2D+ (4-3), is a powerful tool to identify pre-stellar cores in molecular clouds. Detailed modeling of the physical structure of the objects is now required to reconstruct the chemical composition as a function of radius. This work has provided a statistically significant sample of 33 pre-stellar cores, a crucial step in the understanding of the process of star and planet formation.

Abstract Copyright: © The Authors 2025

Journal keyword(s): stars: formation - ISM: clouds - ISM: molecules

Status at CDS : All or part of tables of objects could be ingested in SIMBAD with priority 2.

Simbad objects: 90

goto Full paper

goto View the references in ADS

Number of rows : 90
N Identifier Otype ICRS (J2000)
RA 		ICRS (J2000)
DEC 		Mag U Mag B Mag V Mag R Mag I Sp type #ref
1850 - 2026 		#notes
1 HGBS J041403.0+280947 FIR 04 14 02.980 +28 09 47.00           ~ 2 0
2 HGBS J041833.0+282829 cor 04 18 32.990 +28 28 29.00           ~ 2 0
3 JCMTSF J041840.1+282324 smm 04 18 40 +28 23.3           ~ 4 0
4 2MASS J04184023+2824245 TT* 04 18 40.2362238576 +28 24 24.058269540           ~ 40 0
5 HGBS J041840.3+282316 cor 04 18 40.320 +28 23 16.00           ~ 5 0
6 LDN 1521F DNe 04 28 39.3 +26 51 43           ~ 224 1
7 NAME Taurus Complex SFR 04 41.0 +25 52           ~ 4971 0
8 NAME [BM89] L1517B cor 04 55 18.8 +30 38 04           ~ 163 0
9 LDN 1544 DNe 05 04 16.6 +25 10 48           ~ 965 0
10 NAME Cha 1 MoC 11 06 48 -77 18.0           ~ 1266 1
11 [GPS2015] 2 cor 15 44 59.85 -34 17 08.8           ~ 5 0
12 NAME Lupus Complex SFR 16 03 -38.1           ~ 851 0
13 [AMD2002] J162623-242101 Y*O 16 26 23.36 -24 20 59.9           ~ 6 0
14 [MAN98] A-MM4 cor 16 26 24.00 -24 21 50.4           ~ 12 0
15 HGBS J162624.0-242154 cor 16 26 24.06 -24 21 54.6           ~ 4 0
16 [GY92] 30 Y*O 16 26 25.48920 -24 23 01.5576           ~ 52 0
17 HGBS J162626.3-242225 cor 16 26 26.33 -24 22 25.5           ~ 3 0
18 [DAM2004] Oph A-N2 PoC 16 26 26.5 -24 22 24           ~ 4 0
19 HGBS J162627.6-242359 cor 16 26 27.60 -24 23 55.0           ~ 75 0
20 GDS J162627.8-242359 Y*O 16 26 27.83 -24 23 59.4           ~ 7 1
21 GSS 38 TT* 16 26 41.95872 -24 18 00.1404           ~ 9 0
22 [MAN98] A-MM18 cor 16 26 43.730 -24 17 25.74           ~ 4 0
23 WL 2 Y*O 16 26 48.48624 -24 28 38.9064           ~ 64 1
24 HGBS J162648.6-242936 cor 16 26 48.63 -24 29 36.9           ~ 2 0
25 [MAN98] C-MM8 mm 16 26 49.090 -24 29 45.15           ~ 3 0
26 [FDS2009] C-A1 cor 16 26 59.00 -24 34 14.8           ~ 3 0
27 WL 22 TT* 16 26 59.16720 -24 34 58.8072           ~ 66 0
28 [CPG2019] L1688-d5 cor 16 27 04.96 -24 39 17.6           ~ 3 0
29 HGBS J162705.1-243917 cor 16 27 05.19 -24 39 17.6           ~ 2 0
30 BKLT J162705-244013 Y*O 16 27 05.67576 -24 40 13.0908           ~ 19 0
31 BBRCG 25 Y*O 16 27 09.72456 -24 29 55.5648           ~ 11 0
32 [FDS2009] B1-A2 cor 16 27 12.40 -24 29 49.0           ~ 2 0
33 HGBS J162712.5-242949 cor 16 27 12.6 -24 29 46           ~ 21 0
34 HGBS J162714.5-243026 cor 16 27 14.51 -24 30 26.1           ~ 2 0
35 JCMTSF J162714.6-243020 smm 16 27 14.6 -24 30 20           ~ 5 0
36 WLY 2-35 Y*O 16 27 15.51408 -24 30 53.6832           ~ 34 0
37 BBRCG 39 Y*O 16 27 18.38040 -24 39 14.6844           ~ 47 0
38 [KKD2019] L1688 58 cor 16 27 20.09 -24 27 11.4           ~ 2 0
39 HGBS J162720.1-242712 cor 16 27 20.1 -24 27 09           ~ 13 0
40 HGBS J162721.5-243949 cor 16 27 21.56 -24 39 49.1           ~ 2 0
41 BKLT J162721-242728 Y*O 16 27 21.83424 -24 27 27.5868           ~ 24 0
42 [MAN98] F-MM1 cor 16 27 21.90 -24 39 52.0           ~ 13 0
43 [AMD2002] J162722-242712 Y*O 16 27 22.04856 -24 27 11.0880           ~ 5 0
44 [FDS2010] B2-N2 cor 16 27 24.90 -24 27 15.0           ~ 2 0
45 [KNK2019] MM6a mm 16 27 24.97 -24 27 04.1           ~ 2 0
46 HGBS J162724.9-242708 cor 16 27 24.99 -24 27 08.5           ~ 2 0
47 [FDS2009] B2-A5 cor 16 27 25.00 -24 26 55.0           ~ 3 0
48 [KNK2019] MM6b mm 16 27 25.28 -24 26 57.1           ~ 2 0
49 HGBS J162725.3-242654 cor 16 27 25.39 -24 26 54.6           ~ 3 0
50 SSTYSV J162727.53-242611.2 Y*? 16 27 27.54 -24 26 11.3           ~ 2 0
51 [KNK2019] MM8b mm 16 27 27.58 -24 27 08.7           ~ 2 0
52 [GPJ2008] Source 8 Y*O 16 27 28.00 -24 27 10.3           ~ 3 0
53 HGBS J162728.1-242712 cor 16 27 28.1 -24 27 11           ~ 25 0
54 HGBS J162728.1-242636 cor 16 27 28.18 -24 26 36.0           ~ 2 0
55 [FDS2010] B2-N4 cor 16 27 28.60 -24 26 40.0           ~ 3 0
56 [KNK2019] MM9b mm 16 27 28.69 -24 26 39.9           ~ 2 0
57 ISO-Oph 150 TT* 16 27 30.91152 -24 27 33.1956           ~ 19 0
58 [KNK2019] MM14a mm 16 27 32.74 -24 26 35.3           ~ 2 0
59 HGBS J162732.9-242630 cor 16 27 32.93 -24 26 30.7           ~ 13 0
60 NAME Ophiuchus Molecular Cloud SFR 16 28 06 -24 32.5           ~ 3969 1
61 [MAN98] D-MM1 mm 16 28 28.5 -24 19 21           ~ 5 0
62 HGBS J162829.0-241916 cor 16 28 29.08 -24 19 16.7           ~ 2 0
63 [SSG2006] MMS047 mm 16 28 29.4 -24 19 17           ~ 3 0
64 [MAN98] D-MM4 mm 16 28 32.3 -24 18 01           ~ 5 0
65 HGBS J162857.9-242053 cor 16 28 57.96 -24 20 53.6           ~ 3 0
66 HGBS J163138.2-244949 cor 16 31 38.28 -24 49 49.2           ~ 6 0
67 HGBS J163138.8-245009 cor 16 31 38.83 -24 50 09.0           ~ 2 0
68 HGBS J163157.1-245714 cor 16 31 57.14 -24 57 14.8           ~ 6 0
69 HGBS J163157.7-245753 cor 16 31 57.76 -24 57 53.6           ~ 2 0
70 WLY 2-67 Y*O 16 32 00.99624 -24 56 41.9640           ~ 67 0
71 HGBS J163221.6-242743 cor 16 32 21.66 -24 27 43.0           ~ 2 0
72 NAME IRAS 16293-2422B Y*O 16 32 22.63 -24 28 31.8           ~ 352 0
73 NAME IRAS 16293E cor 16 32 29.060 -24 29 10.27           ~ 69 1
74 HGBS J163246.7-235227 cor 16 32 46.70 -23 52 27.4           ~ 2 0
75 LDN 57 DNe 17 22 38.2 -23 49 34           ~ 336 1
76 NAME the Pipe Nebula DNe 17 30 -25.0           ~ 442 1
77 HGBS J190110.8-365415 FIR 19 01 10.83 -36 54 15.3           ~ 2 0
78 JCMTSF J190145.9-365533 smm 19 01 46.4 -36 55 30           ~ 6 0
79 HGBS J190147.2-365639 FIR 19 01 47.28 -36 56 39.8           ~ 2 0
80 NAME Corona Australis Cloud MoC 19 01 51 -36 58.9           ~ 554 0
81 HGBS J190154.4-365748 FIR 19 01 54.45 -36 57 48.9           ~ 2 0
82 [CKR2003] MMS 13 smm 19 01 55.5 -36 57 38           ~ 27 0
83 [FP2007] J190155.76-365727.7 Y*O 19 01 55.77 -36 57 27.5           ~ 14 0
84 HGBS J190155.8-365746 FIR 19 01 55.86 -36 57 46.9           ~ 2 0
85 CHLT 15 Y*O 19 01 58.55 -36 57 08.7           ~ 28 0
86 HGBS J190217.5-370135 FIR 19 02 17.51 -37 01 35.8           ~ 2 0
87 JCMTSF J190217.0-370133 mm 19 02 17.8 -37 01 34           ~ 4 0
88 DCld 000.4-19.5 cor 19 10 16 -37 07.5           ~ 18 0
89 HGBS J191020.1-370826 FIR 19 10 20.17 -37 08 27.0           ~ 3 0
90 [YMS99b] 5 MoC 19 10 21.3 -37 08 27           ~ 4 0

To bookmark this query, right click on this link: simbad:objects in 2025A&A...703A..77C and select 'bookmark this link' or equivalent in the popup menu