2025A&A...703A.104K

Query : 2025A&A...703A.104K

2025A&A...703A.104K - Astronomy and Astrophysics, volume 703A104 (2025/11-1)

The GALAH survey: Improving chemical abundances using star clusters.

KOS J., BUDER S., BEESON K.L., BLAND-HAWTHORN J., DE SILVA G.M., D'ORAZI V., FREEMAN K., HAYDEN M., LEWIS G.F., LIND K., MARTELL S.L., SHARMA S., ZUCKER D.B., ZWITTER T., DA COSTA G.S., DE GRIJS R., HOWELL M., McKENZIE M., NORDLANDER T., SAIKIA S., STELLO D. and TRAVEN G.

Abstract (from CDS):

Large spectroscopic surveys aim to consistently compute stellar parameters of very diverse stars, while minimizing systematic errors. We explore the use of stellar clusters as benchmarks to verify the precision of spectroscopic parameters in the fourth data release (DR4) of the GALAH survey. We examine 58 open and globular clusters and associations to validate measurements of temperature, gravity, chemical abundances, and stellar ages. We focus on identifying systematic errors and understanding trends between stellar parameters, particularly temperature and chemical abundances. We identify trends by stacking measurements of chemical abundances against effective temperature and modelling them with splines. We also re-fit spectra in three clusters with the Spectroscopy Made Easy and Korg packages to reproduce the trends in DR4 and to search for their origin by varying temperature and gravity priors, linelists, and the spectral continuum. Trends are consistent between clusters of different ages and metallicities, can reach amplitudes of ∼0.5 dex, and differ for dwarfs and giants. We use the derived trends to correct the DR4 abundances of 24 and 31 chemical elements for dwarfs and giants, respectively, and publish a detrended catalogue. While the origin of the trends could not be pinpointed, we found that: (i) photometric priors affect derived abundances, (ii) temperature, metallicity, and continuum levels are degenerate in spectral fitting, and it is hard to break the degeneracy even by using independent measurements, (iii) the completeness of the linelist used in spectral synthesis is essential for cool stars, and (iv) different spectral fitting codes produce significantly different iron abundances for stars of all temperatures. We conclude that clusters can be used to characterise the systematic errors of parameters produced in large surveys, but further research is needed to explain the origin of the trends.

Abstract Copyright: © The Authors 2025

Journal keyword(s): methods: data analysis - techniques: spectroscopic - surveys - stars: abundances - globular clusters: general - open clusters and associations: general

VizieR on-line data: <Available at CDS (J/A+A/703/A104): catalog.dat tablee1.dat>

Status at CDS : Tables of objects will be appraised for possible ingestion in SIMBAD.

Simbad objects: 146

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Number of rows : 146
N Identifier Otype ICRS (J2000)
RA 		ICRS (J2000)
DEC 		Mag U Mag B Mag V Mag R Mag I Sp type #ref
1850 - 2026 		#notes
1 Cl Blanco 1 OpC 00 03 04.1 -29 48 55           ~ 380 0
2 NGC 104 GlC 00 24 05.359 -72 04 53.20     4.09     ~ 4158 0
3 NGC 288 GlC 00 52 45.24 -26 34 57.4   10 8.13     ~ 1130 0
4 NGC 362 GlC 01 03 14.26 -70 50 55.6     6.58     ~ 1167 0
5 NGC 1261 GlC 03 12 16.21 -55 12 58.4     8.63     ~ 579 0
6 V* V1272 Tau BY* 03 44 03.5401148521 +24 30 15.284314309   11.8 10.762   9.933 G1V 111 0
7 V* V1084 Tau RS* 03 44 20.5097544453 +24 46 22.305261833   11.92 11.04 10.7   G5V 92 0
8 V* MX Tau PM* 03 44 23.0586465475 +24 04 05.899403034   15.02 13.82 13.42   M0e 89 0
9 HD 23246 PM* 03 44 25.7165880744 +24 23 40.975909332   8.44 8.18     A8V 94 0
10 V* V749 Tau Y*O 03 46 05.2455955032 +22 58 53.875843968   15.407 14.001   12.319 M1.3 56 0
11 V* V1189 Tau BY* 03 46 12.8676359335 +24 03 15.754257358   15.59 14.22   12.48 M1.4 80 0
12 V* V642 Tau A PM* 03 46 37.3039349414 +24 20 36.748414421           ~ 5 0
13 Cl Melotte 22 OpC 03 46 38.0 +24 10 41           ~ 3679 0
14 V* V1229 Tau SB* 03 47 29.4536404848 +24 17 18.019635504   6.87 6.81   6.74 A0VpSi+Am 225 0
15 V* V355 Tau Y*O 03 49 05.8515088920 +23 44 23.259138000   16.76 15.31   12.94 M2.6 54 0
16 Cl* Melotte 22 DH 853 Em* 03 57 33.3104347278 +24 03 11.476261475   13.047 12.113   11.094 ~ 62 0
17 UBC 199 OpC 04 29 46.3 +25 25 17           ~ 17 0
18 Cl Melotte 25 OpC 04 30 27.4 +16 46 43           ~ 3309 0
19 NGC 1647 OpC 04 46 00.4 +19 05 06   6.82 6.4     ~ 189 0
20 NGC 1750 OpC 05 03 49.8 +23 40 41           ~ 76 1
21 NGC 1788 RNe 05 06 54 -03 20.5   5.8       ~ 35 1
22 NGC 1817 OpC 05 12 33.9 +16 41 34           ~ 210 0
23 NGC 1851 GlC 05 14 06.76 -40 02 47.6           ~ 1529 0
24 NGC 1901 OpC 05 18 45.8 -68 09 13           ~ 123 0
25 NAME 25 Ori Group OpC 05 24 50.9 +01 41 38           ~ 195 1
26 [KPR2005] 19 OpC 05 28 06.0 -01 56 32           ~ 75 0
27 [KPR2005] 21 OpC 05 28 26.6 +03 33 00           ~ 75 0
28 [KPR2005] 20 OpC 05 28 44 +01 37.8           ~ 51 0
29 UBC 17b OpC 05 32 54.9 -01 41 18           ~ 22 0
30 Cl Gulliver 6 OpC 05 33 01.0 -01 41 27           ~ 39 0
31 Ass Ori OB 1b As* 05 34.0 -01 30           ~ 281 0
32 UBC 17a OpC 05 34 05.7 -01 25 38           ~ 25 0
33 NGC 1977 OpC 05 35 12.7 -04 48 21           ~ 256 0
34 NGC 1980 OpC 05 35 15.5 -05 55 46     2.5     ~ 132 0
35 NAME Ori Trapezium OpC 05 35 16.5 -05 23 14           ~ 1708 1
36 M 42 HII 05 35 16.8 -05 23 15           ~ 4411 0
37 Ass Ori OB 1c As* 05 35 21 -05 20.5           ~ 142 1
38 OCSN 65 OpC 05 35.5 -01 47           ~ 6 0
39 Cl Collinder 69 OpC 05 35 32.1 +09 44 02     2.8     ~ 369 0
40 OCSN 61 OpC 05 36.6 -00 27           ~ 7 0
41 NAME Ori I As* 05 38 -02.8           ~ 653 0
42 NAME sig Ori Cluster OpC 05 38 42 -02 36.0           ~ 623 0
43 Cl Collinder 74 OpC 05 48 40.9 +07 22 23     14.4     ~ 40 0
44 NGC 2112 OpC 05 53 47.5 +00 24 18     9.1     ~ 109 0
45 NGC 2184 OpC 06 06 49.8 -02 02 22           ~ 49 1
46 NGC 2204 OpC 06 15 31.5 -18 40 28   9.35 8.6     ~ 172 0
47 Cl Berkeley 73 OpC 06 22 04.7 -06 19 13           ~ 66 0
48 NGC 2232 OpC 06 27 45.6 -04 44 26           ~ 212 0
49 NGC 2243 OpC 06 29 34.3 -31 16 58   10.12 9.4     ~ 298 0
50 Cl Ruprecht 1 OpC 06 36 22.0 -14 09 08           ~ 44 0
51 Cl Collinder 110 OpC 06 38 42.3 +02 04 23     10.5     ~ 84 1
52 UPK 436 OpC 06 40 52.6 -08 07 21           ~ 13 0
53 [KPS2012] MWSC 1015 OpC 06 54 30 -13 39.5           ~ 7 0
54 Cl Berkeley 33 OpC 06 57 49.7 -13 13 38           ~ 95 0
55 Cl Berkeley 32 OpC 06 58 06.7 +06 25 53           ~ 164 0
56 NGC 2354 OpC 07 13 59.2 -25 43 40   7.28 6.5     ~ 111 0
57 Cl Collinder 135 OpC 07 17 23.6 -36 57 23           ~ 124 0
58 NGC 2360 OpC 07 17 45.8 -15 38 21           ~ 213 0
59 Cl Collinder 140 OpC 07 23 23.9 -31 58 15           ~ 154 0
60 NGC 2451A OpC 07 42 55.4 -38 15 05           ~ 159 0
61 NGC 2451B OpC 07 44 22.6 -37 53 00           ~ 125 0
62 [FSR2007] 1361 OpC 07 50 39.6 -36 24 08           ~ 20 0
63 NGC 2516 OpC 07 58 00.5 -60 46 36           ~ 793 0
64 NGC 2506 OpC 08 00 02.3 -10 46 22   8.28 7.6     ~ 313 0
65 NAME Pozzo 1 OpC 08 09 18.7 -47 20 35           ~ 51 0
66 Ass Vel OB 2 As* 08 09 22.478 -47 21 03.46           ~ 307 0
67 NGC 2539 OpC 08 10 39.1 -12 49 52   7.05 6.5     ~ 164 0
68 NGC 2548 OpC 08 13 34.0 -05 43 11           ~ 227 0
69 CWNU 1044 OpC 08 32 56.658 -50 41 34.05           ~ 2 0
70 NAME Vela SNR 08 34.0 -45 50           ~ 1331 2
71 NGC 2632 OpC 08 39 58.4 +19 36 33           ~ 1733 0
72 IC 2391 OpC 08 41 17.5 -53 03 00           ~ 871 0
73 IC 2395 OpC 08 42 09.0 -48 05 14     4.6     ~ 120 1
74 NGC 2670 OpC 08 45 32.2 -48 47 23   8.31 7.8     ~ 73 0
75 NGC 2671 OpC 08 46 17.0 -41 53 22     11.6     ~ 36 0
76 Cl Trumpler 10 OpC 08 47 46.4 -42 31 52           ~ 203 0
77 NGC 2682 OpC 08 51 23.5 +11 48 54           ~ 2528 0
78 NGC 2808 GlC 09 12 03.10 -64 51 48.6           ~ 1540 0
79 NAME E 3 GlC 09 20 57.07 -77 16 54.8           ~ 185 0
80 NGC 3114 OpC 10 01 55.0 -60 02 16   4.47 4.2     ~ 213 0
81 [KPR2005] 58 OpC 10 14 01.8 -55 06 13           ~ 53 0
82 NGC 3201 GlC 10 17 36.82 -46 24 44.9           ~ 1001 0
83 NGC 3324 OpC 10 37 20.8 -58 37 26           ~ 145 1
84 Cl VDBH 99 OpC 10 38 23.9 -59 09 28           ~ 91 0
85 Cl Melotte 101 OpC 10 42 08.3 -65 06 35           ~ 57 0
86 IC 2602 OpC 10 42 55.9 -64 25 22           ~ 735 0
87 NAME Lower Centaurus Crux As* 12 19 -57.1           ~ 565 1
88 [HR2023] HSC 2505 OpC 12 20 05.1 -64 05 47           ~ 3 0
89 Cl Collinder 261 OpC 12 38 04.7 -68 22 40     10.7     ~ 216 0
90 Cl Trumpler 20 OpC 12 39 33.0 -60 38 10           ~ 138 0
91 UPK 579 OpC 12 52 15.4 -50 33 56           ~ 14 0
92 NGC 5139 GlC 13 26 47.28 -47 28 46.1           ~ 3677 0
93 Cl Collinder 277 OpC 13 48 17.4 -66 04 17     9.2     ~ 24 0
94 NGC 5460 OpC 14 07 21.6 -48 16 48   5.85 5.6     ~ 111 0
95 UPK 606 OpC 14 24 28.8 -46 23 24           ~ 16 0
96 NGC 5617 OpC 14 29 46.5 -60 43 02           ~ 108 0
97 NGC 5662 OpC 14 34 55.5 -56 40 41   6.18 5.5     ~ 136 0
98 NGC 5822 OpC 15 04 08.3 -54 21 52           ~ 238 0
99 M 5 GlC 15 18 33.22 +02 04 51.7     5.95     ~ 2095 0
100 OCSN 96 OpC 16 01.1 -22 55           ~ 9 0
101 OCSN 100 OpC 16 11.5 -19 25           ~ 10 0
102 NAME Upper Sco-Cen As* 16 15 -24.2           ~ 1497 1
103 OCSN 246 OpC 16 19.8 -24 29           ~ 3 0
104 M 4 GlC 16 23 35.22 -26 31 32.7           ~ 1978 0
105 NGC 6124 OpC 16 25 18.6 -40 39 45   6.70 5.8     ~ 91 0
106 [HR2023] HSC 2919 OpC 16 26 24.4 -24 05 05           ~ 3 0
107 UPK 640 OpC 16 41 18.4 -39 36 44           ~ 28 0
108 Cl Ruprecht 121 OpC 16 41 45.7 -46 09 20           ~ 30 0
109 NGC 6208 OpC 16 49 20.5 -53 43 27   8.06 7.2     ~ 94 0
110 UPK 612 OpC 16 52 58.3 -67 52 50           ~ 31 0
111 M 10 GlC 16 57 09.05 -04 06 01.1     4.98     ~ 857 0
112 NGC 6253 OpC 16 59 06.4 -52 42 39     10.2     ~ 209 0
113 [KPR2005] 86 OpC 17 01 37.4 -59 00 10           ~ 37 0
114 NGC 6281 OpC 17 04 44.6 -37 57 08           ~ 156 0
115 Cl Alessi 24 OpC 17 23 12.7 -62 39 53           ~ 45 0
116 IC 4651 OpC 17 24 48.5 -49 55 23           ~ 374 0
117 NGC 6362 GlC 17 31 54.99 -67 02 54.0           ~ 637 0
118 Cl Collinder 338 OpC 17 38 03.1 -37 39 38     8.0     ~ 37 0
119 NGC 6397 GlC 17 40 42.09 -53 40 27.6     5.17     ~ 2103 0
120 Cl Alessi 9 OpC 17 44 16.5 -47 03 45           ~ 66 0
121 IC 4665 OpC 17 46 04.0 +05 36 54           ~ 407 0
122 Cl Melotte 186 OpC 18 02 20.8 +03 25 52           ~ 89 0
123 NGC 6530 OpC 18 04 31 -24 21.5           ~ 443 0
124 NGC 6544 GlC 18 07 20.58 -24 59 50.4   11.36 9.90     ~ 332 0
125 ESO 521-38 OpC 18 09.4 -24 32           ~ 15 0
126 NGC 6583 OpC 18 15 51.0 -22 08 38     10.0     ~ 83 0
127 Cl Mamajek 4 OpC 18 25 52.5 -50 39 31           ~ 44 0
128 Cl Ruprecht 171 OpC 18 32 03.4 -16 03 59           ~ 43 0
129 M 22 GlC 18 36 23.94 -23 54 17.1           ~ 1459 0
130 IC 4756 OpC 18 38 39.0 +05 26 14           ~ 274 0
131 [KPR2005] 99 OpC 18 48 40.8 -18 27 04           ~ 42 0
132 Cl Ruprecht 145 OpC 18 50 41.0 -18 16 24           ~ 50 0
133 NGC 6705 OpC 18 51 03.7 -06 16 18   6.32 5.8     ~ 442 0
134 UBC 358 OpC 18 53 11.3 +08 10 41           ~ 16 0
135 NGC 6755 OpC 19 07 44.5 +04 13 46   8.60 7.5     ~ 91 0
136 NGC 6752 GlC 19 10 52.11 -59 59 04.4           ~ 2121 0
137 UBC 98 OpC 19 15 29.5 -22 05 45           ~ 17 0
138 NGC 6774 OpC 19 16 17.6 -16 20 45           ~ 258 0
139 UBC 116 OpC 19 26 43.9 +00 13 21           ~ 17 0
140 M 55 GlC 19 39 59.71 -30 57 53.1     6.49     ~ 913 0
141 Cl Alessi 44 OpC 19 42 05.0 +01 26 22           ~ 42 0
142 M 2 GlC 21 33 27.02 -00 49 23.7     6.25     ~ 1114 1
143 M 30 GlC 21 40 22.12 -23 10 47.5     7.10     ~ 1121 0
144 NAME Cen-Cru Cluster ClG ~ ~           ~ 11 0
145 Ass Ori OB 1a As* ~ ~           ~ 237 0
146 NAME Crux Region reg ~ ~           ~ 18 0

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