2025A&A...704A..91E

Query : 2025A&A...704A..91E

2025A&A...704A..91E - Astronomy and Astrophysics, volume 704A91 (2025/12-1)

Horizon-scale variability of M87* from 2017-2021 EHT observations.

EVENT HORIZON TELESCOPE COLLABORATION, AKIYAMA K., ALBENTOSA-RUIZ E., ALBERDI A., ALEF W., ALGABA J.C., ANANTUA R., ASADA K., AZULAY R., BACH U., BACZKO A.-K., BALL D., BALOKOVIC M., BANDYOPADHYAY B., BARRETT J., BAUBOCK M., BENSON B.A., BINTLEY D., BLACKBURN L., BLUNDELL R., BOUMAN K.L., BOWER G.C., BREMER M., BRISSENDEN R., BRITZEN S., BRODERICK A.E., BROGUIERE D., BRONZWAER T., BUSTAMANTE S., CARLOS D.F., CARLSTROM J.E., CHAEL A., CHAN C.-K., CHANG D.O., CHAVEZ E., CHATTERJEE K., CHATTERJEE S., CHEN M.-T., CHEN Y., CHENG X., CHICHURA P., CHO I., CHRISTIAN P., CONROY N.S., CONWAY J.E., CRAWFORD T.M., CREW G.B., CRUZ-OSORIO A., CUI Y., CURD B., DAHALE R., DAVELAAR J., DE LAURENTIS M., DEANE R., DESVIGNES G., DEXTER J., DHRUV V., DIHINGIA I.K., DOELEMAN S.S., DZIB S.A., EATOUGH R.P., EMAMI R., FALCKE H., FARAH J., FISH V.L., FOMALONT E., FORD H.A., FOSCHI M., FRAGA-ENCINAS R., FREEMAN W.T., FRIBERG P., FROMM C.M., FUENTES A., GALISON P., GAMMIE C.F., GARCIA R., GENTAZ O., GEORGIEV B., GODDI C., GOLD R., GOMEZ-RUIZ A.I., GOMEZ J.L., GU M., GURWELL M., HADA K., HAGGARD D., HESPER R., HEUMANN D., HO L.C., HO P., HOAK D., HONMA M., HUANG C.-W.L., HUANG L., HUGHES D.H., IKEDA S., IMPELLIZZERI C.M.V., INOUE M., ISSAOUN S., JAMES D.J., JANNUZI B.T., JANSSEN M., JETER B., JIANG W., JIMENEZ-ROSALES A., JOHNSON M.D., JORSTAD S., JONES A.C., JOSHI A.V., JUNG T., KARUPPUSAMY R., KAWASHIMA T., KEATING G.K., KETTENIS M., KIM D.-J., KIM J.-Y., KIM J., KIM J., KINO M., KOAY J.Y., KOCHERLAKOTA P., KOFUJI Y., KOCH P.M., KOYAMA S., KRAMER C., KRAMER J.A., KRAMER M., KRICHBAUM T.P., KUO C.-Y., LA BELLA N., LEE D., LEE S.-S., LEVIS A., LI Z., LICO R., LINDAHL G., LINDQVIST M., LISAKOV M., LIU J., LIU K., LIUZZO E., LO W.-P., LOBANOV A.P., LOINARD L., LONSDALE C.J., LOWITZ A.E., LU R.-S., MacDONALD N.R., MAO J., MARCHILI N., MARKOFF S., MARRONE D.P., MARSCHER A.P., MARTI-VIDAL I., MATSUSHITA S., MATTHEWS L.D., MEDEIROS L., MENTEN K.M., MIZUNO I., MIZUNO Y., MONTGOMERY J., MORAN J.M., MORIYAMA K., MOSCIBRODZKA M., MULAUDZI W., MULLER C., MULLER H., MUS A., MUSOKE G., MYSERLIS I., NAGAI H., NAGAR N.M., NAIR D.G., NAKAMURA M., NARAYANAN G., NATARAJAN I., NATHANAIL A., NAVARRO FUENTES S., NEILSEN J., NI C., NOWAK M.A., OH J., OKINO H., OLIVARES SANCHEZ H.R., OYAMA T., OZEL F., PALUMBO D.C.M., PARASCHOS G.F., PARK J., PARSONS H., PATEL N., PEN U.-L., PESCE D.W., PIETU V., PLAVIN A., POPSTEFANIJA A., PORTH O., PRATHER B., PRINCIPE G., PSALTIS D., PU H.-Y., RAHLIN A., RAMAKRISHNAN V., RAO R., RAWLINGS M.G., REZZOLLA L., RICARTE A., RICCI L., RIPPERDA B., RODER J., ROELOFS F., ROMERO-CANIZALES C., ROS E., ROSHANINESHAT A., ROTTMANN H., ROY A.L., RUIZ I., RUSZCZYK C., RYGL K.L.J., SOSAPANTA SALAS L.D., SANCHEZ S., SANCHEZ-ARGUELLES D., SANCHEZ-PORTAL M., SASADA M., SATAPATHY K., SAURABH, SAVOLAINEN T., SCHLOERB F.P., SCHONFELD J., SCHUSTER K.-F., SHAO L., SHEN Z., SILPA S., SMALL D., SMITH R., SOHN B.W., SOOHOO J., SOUCCAR K., STANWAY J.S., SUN H., TAZAKI F., TETARENKO A.J., TIEDE P., TILANUS R.P.J., TITUS M., TOMA K., TORNE P., TOSCANO T., TRAIANOU E., TRENT T., TRIPPE S., TURK M., VAN BEMMEL I., VAN LANGEVELDE H.J., VAN ROSSUM D.R., VON FELLENBERG S.D., VOS J., WAGNER J., WARD-THOMPSON D., WARDLE J., WASHINGTON J.E., WEINTROUB J., WEST A.T., WHARTON R., WIELGUS M., WIIK K., WITZEL G., WONDRAK M.F., WONG G.N., WONGPHEXHAUXSORN J., WU Q., YADLAPALLI N., YAMAGUCHI P., YFANTIS A., YOON D., YOUNG A., YOUNSI Z., YU W., YUAN F., YUAN Y.-F., ZENG A.-L., ZENSUS J.A., ZHANG S., ZHAO G.-Y., ZHAO S.-S., BERTHOLD R., CHANG S.-H., CHILSON R., HAN C.-C., GALE D.M., GEERTSEMA G., HERNANDEZ-REBOLLAR J.L., HUANG Y.-D., KEENAN R.P., KUBO D., LIU K.-Y., MARTIN-COCHER P.L., MICHALIK D., MONTANA A., NADOLSKI A., OSHIRO P., RAFFIN P.A., RODRIGUEZ-MONTOYA I., WEI T.-S. and YOUNG M.R.

Abstract (from CDS):

We report three epochs of polarized images of M87* at 230 GHz using data from the Event Horizon Telescope (EHT) taken in 2017, 2018, and 2021. The baseline coverage of the 2021 observations is significantly improved through the addition of two new EHT stations: the 12 m Kitt Peak Telescope and the Northern Extended Millimetre Array (NOEMA). All observations result in images dominated by a bright, asymmetric ring with a persistent diameter of 43.9 ± 0.6 μas, consistent with expectations for lensed synchrotron emission encircling the apparent shadow of a supermassive black hole. We find that the total intensity and linear polarization of M87* vary significantly across the three epochs. Specifically, the azimuthal brightness distribution of the total intensity images varies from year to year, as expected for a stochastic accretion flow. However, despite a gamma-ray flare erupting in M87 quasi-contemporaneously to the 2018 observations, the 2018 and 2021 images look remarkably similar. The resolved linear polarization fractions in 2018 and 2021 peak at ∼5%, compared to ∼15% in 2017. The spiral polarization pattern on the ring also varies from year to year, including a change in the electric vector position angle helicity in 2021 that could reflect changes in the magnetized accretion flow or an external Faraday screen. The improved 2021 coverage also provides the first EHT constraints on jet emission outside the ring, on scales of ≲1 mas. Overall, these observations provide strong proof of the reliability of the EHT images and probe the dynamic properties of the horizon-scale accretion flow surrounding M87*.

Abstract Copyright: © The Authors 2025

Journal keyword(s): accretion - accretion disks - black hole physics - gravitation - galaxies: active - galaxies: individual: M87* - galaxies: jets

Simbad objects: 5

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Number of rows : 5
N Identifier Otype ICRS (J2000)
RA 		ICRS (J2000)
DEC 		Mag U Mag B Mag V Mag R Mag I Sp type #ref
1850 - 2026 		#notes
1 NGC 1275 Bla 03 19 48.1599902040 +41 30 42.108850836   13.10 12.48 11.09   ~ 4243 3
2 NAME Knot in M87 Jet PoG 12 30 49.355 +12 23 28.32           ~ 233 0
3 M 87 AGN 12 30 49.42338414 +12 23 28.0436859 10.16 9.59 8.63   7.49 ~ 7815 3
4 3C 279 Bla 12 56 11.16657958 -05 47 21.5251510   18.01 17.75 15.87   ~ 3205 2
5 NAME Sgr A* X 17 45 40.03599 -29 00 28.1699           ~ 4970 3

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