2025AJ....169..107S

Query : 2025AJ....169..107S

2025AJ....169..107S - Astron. J., 169, 107 (2025/February-0)

Gaia-4b and 5b: Radial Velocity Confirmation of Gaia Astrometric Orbital Solutions Reveal a Massive Planet and a Brown Dwarf Orbiting Low-mass Stars.

STEFANSSON G., MAHADEVAN S., WINN J.N., MARCUSSEN M.L., KANODIA S., ALBRECHT S., FITZMAURICE E., MIKULSKYTE O., CANAS C.I., ESPINOZA-RETAMAL J.I., ZWART Y., KROLIKOWSKI D.M., HOTNISKY A., ROBERTSON P., ALVARADO-MONTES J.A., BENDER C.F., BLAKE C.H., CALLINGHAM J.R., COCHRAN W.D., DELAMER M., DIDDAMS S.A., DONG J., FERNANDES R.B., GIOVINAZZI M.R., HALVERSON S., LIBBY-ROBERTS J., LOGSDON S.E., McELWAIN M.W., NINAN J.P., RAJAGOPAL J., REJI V., ROY A., SCHWAB C. and WRIGHT J.T.

Abstract (from CDS):

Gaia astrometry of nearby stars is precise enough to detect the tiny displacements induced by substellar companions, but radial velocity (RV) data are needed for definitive confirmation. Here we present RV follow-up observations of 28 M and K stars with candidate astrometric substellar companions, which led to the confirmation of two systems, Gaia-4b and Gaia-5b, identification of five systems that are single lined but require additional data to confirm as substellar companions, and the refutation of 21 systems as stellar binaries. Gaia-4b is a massive planet (M = 11.8 ± 0.7 MJ) in a P = 571.3 ± 1.4 day orbit with a projected semimajor axis a0 = 0.312 ± 0.040 mas orbiting a 0.644 ± 0.02M⊙ star. Gaia-5b is a brown dwarf (M = 20.9 ± 0.5MJ) in a P = 358.62 ± 0.20 days eccentric e = 0.6423 ± 0.0026 orbit with a projected angular semimajor axis of a0 = 0.947 ± 0.038 mas around a 0.34 ± 0.03M⊙ star. Gaia-4b is one of the first exoplanets discovered via the astrometric technique, and is one of the most massive planets known to orbit a low-mass star.

Abstract Copyright: © 2025. The Author(s). Published by the American Astronomical Society.

Journal keyword(s): Astrometric exoplanet detection - Exoplanet detection methods - Astrometry - Radial velocity - Exoplanets - Exoplanet systems - Extrasolar gaseous planets - Exoplanet formation - Brown dwarfs

VizieR on-line data: <Available at CDS (J/AJ/169/107): table5.dat table6.dat>

Nomenclature: Gaia-Na (Nos 4-5, 4b, 5b).

Simbad objects: 76

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Number of rows : 76
N Identifier Otype ICRS (J2000)
RA 		ICRS (J2000)
DEC 		Mag U Mag B Mag V Mag R Mag I Sp type #ref
1850 - 2026 		#notes
1 Gaia DR3 423297927866697088 * 00 01 28.7205824423 +59 52 48.519035811           ~ 2 0
2 HD 142 PM* 00 06 19.1753245111 -49 04 30.671249608   6.30 5.76     F7V 271 1
3 BD-17 63 PM* 00 28 34.3058646583 -16 13 34.837444133   10.77 9.720 9.666   K4Vk: 76 1
4 HD 3221 SB* 00 34 51.2017857192 -61 54 58.128126444   10.83 9.604   8.238 K4Ve 99 0
5 Gaia DR3 4702845638429469056 PM* 00 40 32.8784354667 -68 29 19.633232241           ~ 3 0
6 2MASS J00533673+3928311 PM* 00 53 36.7316213664 +39 28 31.172426184           dM3.5- 8 0
7 Gaia DR3 405316961377489792 PM* 01 00 56.0666535704 +54 05 11.144651897           ~ 3 0
8 LEHPM 1335 PM* 01 12 57.6631345848 -43 26 24.518790240           ~ 6 0
9 Gaia DR3 2571855077162098944 PM* 01 37 51.6055084279 +07 58 54.176333080           ~ 2 0
10 L 88-59 WD* 01 43 00.9833777734 -67 18 30.353062494   14.33 13.90 13.52 13.23 DA8.1 76 0
11 HD 12357 SB* 02 00 38.6456460384 -23 14 00.254743620   9.66 9.00     G3V 17 0
12 * 54 Cas PM* 02 09 08.2608030227 +71 33 07.226830630   7.08   6.2   F8 59 0
13 2MASS J02105462+1232259 PM* 02 10 54.6082443600 +12 32 25.913336064           ~ 7 0
14 2MASS J02192210-3925225 ** 02 19 22.1103954432 -39 25 22.539937296   18.5   15.5 13.42 M6+L4 36 0
15 * iot Hor PM* 02 42 33.4666679022 -50 48 01.055138166   5.97 5.40     F8V 446 1
16 SCR J0254-3147 PM* 02 54 22.0127508240 -31 47 46.043234592   16.16   14.15 12.29 ~ 5 0
17 Gaia DR3 5085864568417061120 PM* 03 31 06.5149681084 -24 41 51.717114772           ~ 3 0
18 LP 888-25 PM* 03 34 21.1248015907 -31 04 48.219540763   16.63 15.27     M3:V 15 0
19 Gaia DR3 246890014559489792 PM* 03 55 51.7648645696 +47 50 48.122397823           ~ 4 0
20 UCAC4 240-004042 PM* 03 58 47.8175775143 -42 01 58.725184576   15.854 14.179 13.702   ~ 4 0
21 PM J04205+8131 PM* 04 20 35.0776593312 +81 31 55.686739440     13.019 12.654   M3.0V 10 0
22 SCR J0505-5633 PM* 05 05 05.5085492740 -56 33 13.931445403   17.11   14.75 12.51 ~ 11 0
23 2MASS J05115130-4239337 PM* 05 11 51.3033488616 -42 39 33.788966652           ~ 6 0
24 Gaia DR3 2998643469106143104 PM* 05 49 42.7428876214 -12 03 25.054090374           ~ 3 0
25 HD 40503 PM* 05 57 28.7120999640 -37 50 53.590896024   10.20 9.21     K2/3V 53 0
26 Gaia DR3 5490183684330661504 PM* 07 06 06.8844783382 -56 13 05.134665074           ~ 3 0
27 APMPM J0710-5704 ** 07 09 37.6556496934 -57 03 42.134571968   15.342 13.650 13.315   M4V 24 0
28 UCAC4 313-025977 * 07 29 09.5273167392 -27 29 23.344030010       15.050   ~ 4 0
29 Gaia DR3 5618776310850226432 PM* 07 29 46.0016522782 -22 25 46.525197360           ~ 3 0
30 PM J08400-6831 PM* 08 40 04.7531885088 -68 31 56.433510912   14.458 12.943 12.469   ~ 8 0
31 Gaia DR3 5220375041387610880 * 08 44 19.5265927526 -72 27 45.918013145           ~ 2 0
32 Gaia DR3 5654515588409756160 * 09 01 24.3719400447 -23 00 10.065103023           ~ 2 0
33 HD 81040 PM* 09 23 47.0873721072 +20 21 52.034902488 8.510 8.370   7.3   G0V 111 1
34 Gaia DR3 5446516751833167744 PM* 10 14 15.5057652402 -34 39 14.731635939           ~ 3 0
35 Gaia DR3 1052042828882790016 * 10 17 38.4087179736 +62 31 20.989398623           ~ 2 0
36 G 146-29 PM* 10 24 30.7942324056 +47 36 28.988008272   15.6   14.1   M3.4 15 0
37 Gaia DR3 5375875638010549376 PM* 11 31 29.0916179313 -44 37 28.717327469           ~ 3 0
38 Gaia DR3 5236626338671861760 PM* 11 33 04.6143541114 -66 56 00.816088940           ~ 4 0
39 Ross 905 PM* 11 42 11.0933350978 +26 42 23.650782778   12.06 10.613 10.272 8.24 M3V 750 1
40 2MASS J12411733-0703032 PM* 12 41 17.3324341968 -07 03 03.274415712           ~ 5 0
41 Gaia DR3 6079316686107743488 PM* 12 42 07.1586513244 -50 55 06.169593819           ~ 3 0
42 HD 111232 PM* 12 48 51.7525624903 -68 25 30.554783455   8.29 7.61     G8VFe-1.0 168 1
43 Gaia DR3 3937630969071148032 PM* 12 57 50.8343260249 +16 51 23.592275006           ~ 3 0
44 Gaia DR3 6081071334868194176 PM* 12 59 28.1711308211 -51 58 35.204369276           ~ 3 0
45 2MASS J13151980+2959177 PM* 13 15 19.8023238267 +29 59 17.577857467           ~ 5 0
46 Gaia-3b Pl? 13 32 41.0148971364 +75 00 24.805212562           ~ 8 0
47 BD+75 510 PM* 13 32 41.0148971364 +75 00 24.805212562       9.782   M0V 63 0
48 PM J13580+3141 Em* 13 58 01.6218841752 +31 41 43.483087392     12.522 12.089   M1.3 15 0
49 Gaia-4b Pl 13 58 01.6218841752 +31 41 43.483087392           ~ 7 0
50 HD 128717 PM* 14 36 21.3187089144 +57 33 38.381957316   8.86 8.29     F8 37 0
51 HD 132406 PM* 14 56 54.6513840960 +53 22 55.806486636 9.300 9.100   8.1   G0V 76 1
52 HD 164604 PM* 18 03 06.9330190176 -28 33 38.348799804   10.88 9.83     K3.5Vk: 64 1
53 LP 44-244 PM* 18 10 08.7917083680 +68 54 41.258384784   17.4   14.1   ~ 12 0
54 Gaia DR3 6418925831870553472 PM* 18 21 17.1541930141 -72 35 32.219203302           ~ 3 0
55 LP 230-9 PM* 18 56 09.7883119656 +42 40 29.136834156   18.0   17.0   ~ 7 0
56 HD 175167 PM* 19 00 00.8350944384 -69 56 39.264708120   8.78 8.000 7.89 8.86 G5IV/V 53 1
57 Ross 1063 SB* 19 33 39.4424861623 +39 31 36.614443412   13.06 11.39 11.175 9.39 M2V 49 0
58 HD 185501 ** 19 37 59.2234409496 +33 53 35.786574096   8.24 7.47     G5 46 1
59 LP 754-5 PM* 19 57 23.8042857418 -12 33 50.221221258     15.0 15.14 11.88 M5V 24 0
60 Gaia DR3 6685861691447769600 PM* 20 04 57.4455707395 -42 57 23.106952331           ~ 2 0
61 Gaia-5b Pl 20 08 09.6535816275 +41 56 28.360029314           ~ 7 0
62 2MASS J20080963+4156281 PM* 20 08 09.6535816275 +41 56 28.360029314           ~ 5 0
63 2MASS J20134731-3758222 PM* 20 13 47.3347655618 -37 58 22.069544087           ~ 6 0
64 Gaia DR3 1862136504889464192 PM* 20 27 48.7667646559 +31 54 55.898391114           ~ 3 0
65 L 279-25 WD* 20 38 16.8483476640 -53 04 25.343852520 13.32 14.27 14.36     DB 38 0
66 2MASS J20513852-4117300 PM* 20 51 38.5373848632 -41 17 29.999785164           ~ 4 0
67 UCAC4 280-221518 PM* 20 54 56.9237763096 -34 02 54.012087738       15.444   ~ 4 0
68 G 261-42 PM* 21 21 18.2467489464 +74 55 46.448208264   15.4   13.5   ~ 13 0
69 Gaia DR3 1879554280883275136 * 22 13 04.0033318746 +24 47 40.841360459           ~ 2 0
70 BD+24 4592 SB* 22 28 02.0564669472 +24 56 16.084128444       9.5   K2 37 0
71 BD-15 6290 BY* 22 53 16.7325836486 -14 15 49.304052185 12.928 11.749 10.192 9.013 7.462 M3.5V 1106 1
72 Gaia DR3 6381440834777420928 * 23 10 50.5686711658 -70 27 33.124136919           ~ 2 0
73 LSPM J2312+2655N PM* 23 12 06.0473424840 +26 55 57.624941424       15.06   K5 10 0
74 G 68-25 PM* 23 32 40.0514728547 +20 09 30.250930389   16.2   14.3   ~ 9 0
75 Gaia DR3 2446599193562312320 * 23 42 13.3561900545 -05 46 58.026203343           ~ 2 0
76 UCAC4 192-200468 * 23 48 53.9134515233 -51 45 47.537066976   16.359 14.688 14.405   ~ 3 0

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