2025AJ....170..109B

Query : 2025AJ....170..109B

2025AJ....170..109B - Astron. J., 170, 109 (2025/August-0)

The Compositions of Rocky Planets in Close-in Orbits Tend to Be Earth-like.

BRINKMAN C.L., WEISS L.M., HUBER D., LEE R.A., KOLECKI J., TENN G., ZHANG J., NARAYANAN S., POLANSKI A.S., DAI F., BEAN J.L., BEARD C., BRADY M., BRODHEIM M., BROWN M., CHONTOS A., DEICH W., EDELSTEIN J., FULTON B.J., GIACALONE S., GIBSON S.R., GILBERT G.J., HALVERSON S., HANDLEY L., HILL G.M., HOLCOMB R., HOLDEN B., HOUSEHOLDER A., HOWARD A.W., ISAACSON H., KAYE S., LAHER R.R., LANCLOS K., ONG J.M.J., PAYNE J., PETIGURA E.A., PIDHORODETSKA D., POPPETT C., ROY A., RUBENZAHL R., SAUNDERS N., SCHWAB C., SEIFAHRT A., SHAUM A.P., SIRK M.M., SMITH C., SMITH R., STEFANSSON G., STURMER J., THORNE J., TURTELBOOM E.V., TYLER D., VALLIANT J., VAN ZANDT J., WALAWENDER J., YEE S.W., YEH S. and ZINK J.

Abstract (from CDS):

Hundreds of exoplanets between 1 and 1.8 times the size of Earth have been discovered on close-in orbits. However, these planets show such a diversity in densities that some appear to be made entirely of iron, while others appear to host gaseous envelopes. To test this diversity in composition, we update the masses of five rocky exoplanets (HD 93963 A b, Kepler-10 b, Kepler-100 b, Kepler-407 b, and TOI-1444 b) and present the confirmation of a new planet (TOI-1011) using 187 high-precision radial velocities from Gemini/MAROON-X and Keck/KPF. Our updated planet masses suggest compositions closer to that of Earth than previous literature values for all planets in our sample. In particular, we report that two previously identified “super-Mercuries” (Kepler-100 b and HD 93963 A b) have lower masses that suggest less iron-rich compositions. We then compare the ratio of iron to rock-building species with the abundance ratios of those elements in their host stars. These updated planet compositions do not suggest a steep relationship between planet and host star compositions, contradictory to previous results, and suggest that planets and host stars have similar abundance ratios.

Abstract Copyright: © 2025. The Author(s). Published by the American Astronomical Society.

Journal keyword(s): Exoplanets - Exoplanet astronomy - Super Earths - Extrasolar rocky planets - Radial velocity

Simbad objects: 26

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Number of rows : 26
N Identifier Otype ICRS (J2000)
RA 		ICRS (J2000)
DEC 		Mag U Mag B Mag V Mag R Mag I Sp type #ref
1850 - 2026 		#notes
1 HD 61051b Pl 07 35 56.1640429176 -32 50 29.108264460           ~ 4 0
2 HD 61051 PM* 07 35 56.1640429176 -32 50 29.108264460   9.72 8.93     G8V 62 0
3 NAME L 98-59 d Pl 08 18 07.6214406393 -68 18 46.805365587           ~ 98 0
4 * rho01 Cnc e Pl 08 52 35.8111044043 +28 19 50.954994470           ~ 682 1
5 TOI-561b Pl 09 52 44.5491687624 +06 12 58.920960204           ~ 61 0
6 TOI-561 MS* 09 52 44.5491687624 +06 12 58.920960204   10.909 10.243 10.065   ~ 65 0
7 HD 93963b Pl 10 51 06.5136673320 +25 38 28.189256748           ~ 7 0
8 HD 93963 MS* 10 51 06.5136673320 +25 38 28.189256748   9.77 9.18     G5 24 0
9 * nu.02 Lup b Pl 15 21 48.1499105161 -48 19 03.469906910           ~ 49 1
10 NAME G 180-18b Pl 15 58 18.7976355993 +35 24 24.279816765           ~ 28 0
11 Kepler-102d Pl 18 45 55.8559851072 +47 12 28.845259020           ~ 55 0
12 Kepler-10b Pl 19 02 43.0613892904 +50 14 28.701617339           ~ 322 1
13 Kepler-10 Em* 19 02 43.0613892904 +50 14 28.701617339       11.00   G2V 238 1
14 Kepler-407b Pl 19 04 08.7180702936 +49 36 52.219314504           ~ 42 0
15 Kepler-407 Er* 19 04 08.7180702936 +49 36 52.219314504   13.601 12.664 12.508   G7 90 0
16 Kepler-100d Pl 19 25 32.6432787456 +41 59 24.945100548           ~ 50 0
17 Kepler-100b Pl 19 25 32.6432787456 +41 59 24.945100548           ~ 66 0
18 Kepler-100 Er* 19 25 32.6432787456 +41 59 24.945100548   12.009 11.278 11.128   G8IV 142 0
19 Kepler-100c Pl 19 25 32.6432787456 +41 59 24.945100548           ~ 56 0
20 BD+38 3583b Pl 19 25 40.3885404552 +38 40 20.413186860           ~ 121 0
21 Kepler-99b Pl 19 49 24.9577803120 +41 18 00.214368480           ~ 56 0
22 TOI-1444 MS* 20 21 53.8348831536 +70 56 37.661103276   11.54 10.94 10.668   ~ 23 0
23 TOI-1444b Pl 20 21 53.8348831536 +70 56 37.661103276           ~ 25 0
24 WASP-47e Pl 22 04 48.7261549272 -12 01 07.998743676           ~ 98 0
25 * 51 Peg PM* 22 57 27.9804852576 +20 46 07.797040104 6.39 6.16 5.46 4.97 4.61 G2IV 1216 1
26 TRAPPIST-1 LM* 23 06 29.3684948589 -05 02 29.037301866     18.798 16.466 14.024 M7.5e 1306 0

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