2025ApJ...978..118B

Query : 2025ApJ...978..118B

2025ApJ...978..118B - Astrophys. J., 978, 118 (2025/January-1)

The NuSTAR Local AGN NH Distribution Survey (NuLANDS). I. Toward a Truly Representative Column Density Distribution in the Local Universe.

BOORMAN P.G., GANDHI P., BUCHNER J., STERN D., RICCI C., BALOKOVIC M., ASMUS D., HARRISON F.A., SVOBODA J., GREENWELL C., KOSS M.J., ALEXANDER D.M., ANNUAR A., BAUER F.E., BRANDT W.N., BRIGHTMAN M., CIVANO F., CHEN C.-T.J., FARRAH D., FORSTER K., GREFENSTETTE B., HONIG S.F., HILL A.B., KAMMOUN E., LANSBURY G., LANZ L., LAMASSA S., MADSEN K., MARCHESI S., MIDDLETON M., MINGO B., PARKER M.L., TREISTER E., UEDA Y., URRY C.M. and ZAPPACOSTA L.

Abstract (from CDS):

Hard X-ray-selected samples of active galactic nuclei (AGN) provide one of the cleanest views of supermassive black hole accretion but are biased against objects obscured by Compton-thick gas column densities of NH > 1024 cm–2. To tackle this issue, we present the NuSTAR Local AGN NH Distribution Survey (NuLANDS)-a legacy sample of 122 nearby (z < 0.044) AGN primarily selected to have warm infrared colors from IRAS between 25 and 60 μm. We show that optically classified Type 1 and 2 AGN in NuLANDS are indistinguishable in terms of optical [O III] line flux and mid-to-far-infrared AGN continuum bolometric indicators, as expected from an isotropically selected AGN sample, while Type 2 AGN are deficient in terms of their observed hard X-ray flux. By testing many X-ray spectroscopic models, we show the measured line-of-sight column density varies on average by ∼1.4 orders of magnitude depending on the obscurer geometry. To circumvent such issues, we propagate the uncertainties per source into the parent column density distribution, finding a directly measured Compton-thick fraction of 35% ± 9%. By construction, our sample will miss sources affected by severe narrow-line reddening, and thus segregates sources dominated by small-scale nuclear obscuration from large-scale host-galaxy obscuration. This bias implies an even higher intrinsic obscured AGN fraction may be possible, although tests for additional biases arising from our infrared selection find no strong effects on the measured column density distribution. NuLANDS thus holds potential as an optimized sample for future follow-up with current and next-generation instruments aiming to study the local AGN population in an isotropic manner.

Abstract Copyright: © 2024. The Author(s). Published by the American Astronomical Society.

Journal keyword(s): Active galaxies - Seyfert galaxies - High energy astrophysics

Simbad objects: 160

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Number of rows : 160
N Identifier Otype ICRS (J2000)
RA 		ICRS (J2000)
DEC 		Mag U Mag B Mag V Mag R Mag I Sp type #ref
1850 - 2026 		#notes
1 2MASX J00183589-0702555 Sy2 00 18 35.9055316896 -07 02 55.841114580   15.20 14.1 13.83   ~ 38 0
2 2MASX J00283779-0959532 Sy1 00 28 37.8286617432 -09 59 53.756780028   17.43   16.52   ~ 16 0
3 IRAS 00321-0018 Sy2 00 34 43.5012933672 -00 02 27.032963604   16.26 15.67     ~ 50 1
4 ESO 350-38 Sy2 00 36 52.489 -33 33 17.23   14.31 14.41 13.49   ~ 450 0
5 NGC 262 Bla 00 48 47.14147900 +31 57 25.0845702 14.04 13.90 13.06 8.53   ~ 778 2
6 NAME SMC G 00 52 38.0 -72 48 01   2.79 2.2     ~ 12317 1
7 NGC 424 Sy1 01 11 27.6385025496 -38 05 00.421096524   13.76 14.12 12.38 12.8 ~ 346 1
8 NGC 449 Sy2 01 16 07.2105079530 +33 05 21.649015602   15.90 14.96     ~ 302 4
9 Z 502-82 Sy2 01 25 31.4551524072 +32 08 10.473856512   15.01 13.96     ~ 237 0
10 Z 459-57 Sy1 01 27 32.5217343720 +19 10 43.839069600   14.89 14.22     ~ 333 0
11 LEDA 6047 Sy2 01 38 05.3921062608 -12 52 10.779902580   16.5       ~ 36 1
12 NGC 660 Sy2 01 43 02.350 +13 38 44.45   12.02 11.16     ~ 588 2
13 Z 386-35 Sy1 01 43 57.7777898304 +02 20 59.531401716   14.90 14.07     ~ 569 1
14 ICRF J015002.6-072548 Sy1 01 50 02.6975795592 -07 25 48.453672360   16.86 15.62 15.62   ~ 162 1
15 NGC 931 Sy1 02 28 14.4689104272 +31 18 41.469363324   15.71 14.74     ~ 426 1
16 IC 1816 Sy2 02 31 50.9839781112 -36 40 19.756788744   13.86 14.26 12.28   ~ 124 1
17 Z 388-48 Sy2 02 33 01.2459316584 +00 25 14.902570056   14.94 13.7     ~ 81 0
18 NGC 985 Sy1 02 34 37.882 -08 47 17.02   14.64 14.28 12.9   ~ 449 0
19 NGC 1052 Bla 02 41 04.79849989 -08 15 20.7519527 11.84 11.41 10.47 10.71   ~ 1397 2
20 M 77 Sy2 02 42 40.7091669408 -00 00 47.859690204 9.70 9.61 8.87 10.1 9.9 ~ 4897 2
21 LEDA 11044 AGN 02 55 34.4315511384 +02 23 41.539669548   16.62       ~ 36 0
22 LEDA 11080 Sy2 02 56 02.6511007032 -16 29 15.523003248   13.5       ~ 52 0
23 NAME Magellanic Clouds GrG 03 00 -71.0           ~ 7988 0
24 MCG-02-08-039 Sy1 03 00 30.6274872888 -11 24 57.031067052   14 14.3 13.45   ~ 110 0
25 IRAS 03026-7254 SyG 03 02 39.997 -72 42 23.12   15.81   14.58   ~ 17 0
26 NGC 1194 Sy2 03 03 49.1124029328 -01 06 13.415103900   15.29 14.18     ~ 307 0
27 NGC 1229 Sy2 03 08 10.8346520856 -22 57 36.937886004   14.87 14.45 13.86   ~ 90 0
28 LEDA 74302 Sy2 03 13 08.7863687616 -02 43 19.070228820   15.31 14.0 14.14   ~ 46 0
29 2MASX J03150536+0130304 Sy2 03 15 05.3414671008 +01 30 30.149343576   16       ~ 35 0
30 NGC 1275 Bla 03 19 48.1599902040 +41 30 42.108850836   13.10 12.48 11.09   ~ 4243 3
31 NGC 1320 Sy2 03 24 48.6886857672 -03 02 32.121533436   14.0 14.00     ~ 317 0
32 ESO 116-18 Sy2 03 24 53.0883337848 -60 44 18.653827992   15.09 12.7 13.53   ~ 48 0
33 NGC 1358 Sy2 03 33 39.6807616872 -05 05 22.213915692   14.10 13.05 11.76   ~ 220 1
34 IRAS 03355+0104 Sy2 03 38 10.3790759400 +01 14 18.225992616           ~ 36 0
35 LEDA 13422 Sy2 03 38 33.5520704184 -16 32 18.242798532   17.67 16.39 17.04   ~ 59 0
36 NGC 1448 EmG 03 44 31.915 -44 38 41.38   11.46   10.24 10.9 ~ 295 1
37 LEDA 2816382 Sy2 03 51 27.99047 -03 12 09.9860   16.75   15.42   ~ 8 0
38 LEDA 14727 Sy1 04 14 52.6568539056 -07 55 39.688821372   15.66 14.91     ~ 106 0
39 QSO B0420-0127 Bla 04 23 15.80072217 -01 20 33.0656073   17.50 17.00 16.28   ~ 1263 3
40 2MASX J04250311-2521201 Sy2 04 25 03.1185964632 -25 21 20.383189416   18.5       ~ 33 0
41 IRAS 04259-0440 LIN 04 28 26.0481659328 -04 33 49.330024884   15.84 14.95     ~ 51 0
42 IRAS 04281-0944 LIN 04 30 33.2818272240 -09 37 44.879625624   18.5       ~ 19 0
43 MCG+01-12-009 Bla 04 33 11.0956735296 +05 21 15.619461552   15.72 15.05 10.08   ~ 2099 2
44 MCG-02-12-045 Sy1 04 36 22.2985487328 -10 22 33.986941536   15.08 14.51 10.7   ~ 276 0
45 IRAS 04385-0828 Sy1 04 40 54.9608896320 -08 22 22.126721232   15.71 14.5     ~ 128 0
46 IRAS 04502-0317 Sy2 04 52 44.5394406960 -03 12 57.133972800   15.80 15.0 14.85   ~ 59 0
47 Z 420-15 Sy2 04 53 25.7402917464 +04 03 41.809965948   15.0       ~ 144 0
48 ESO 33-2 Sy2 04 55 58.93368 -75 32 28.2336   14.61 14.60 13.39   ~ 177 1
49 LEDA 75257 Sy1 05 01 48.6165048994 -22 53 23.228660167   15.73 15.13     ~ 30 0
50 ESO 362-8 Sy2 05 11 09.098 -34 23 36.74   13.62 12.65 12.46   ~ 81 0
51 Z 395-23 Sy1 05 16 11.4092471904 -00 08 59.157166920   14.30 13.92     ~ 953 1
52 MCG-05-13-017 Sy2 05 19 35.8118941104 -32 39 27.923120568   13.81 13.37 12.73   ~ 274 1
53 NAME LMC G 05 23 34.6 -69 45 22     0.4     ~ 19090 0
54 IRAS 05215-0352 IR 05 24 02.1 -03 49 52           ~ 2 0
55 LEDA 86275 AGN 05 25 16.5 +19 10 46           ~ 40 0
56 ESO 253-3 Sy2 05 25 18.058 -46 00 21.36 15.95 15.10 14.77 13.95   ~ 80 0
57 IRAS 05212+7614 MIR 05 28 21.03408 +76 17 08.4588           ~ 4 0
58 2MASX J06002140-5756210 Sy2 06 00 21.4583690520 -57 56 21.560438580   15.75 14.0 14.70   ~ 30 0
59 AM 0602-575 G 06 03 18 -57 59.1           ~ 1 0
60 2MASX J06080957+6733394 G 06 08 09.5506250376 +67 33 40.001791428     16.0     ~ 10 0
61 Z 329-24 Sy2 06 15 36.2812259376 +71 02 14.837219808 14.21 14.03 12.97     ~ 960 2
62 ZW VII 73 Sy2 06 30 25.5433597128 +63 40 41.294696952   15.7       ~ 65 0
63 NGC 2273 Sy1 06 50 08.6691789600 +60 50 44.864645136   14.50 13.54     ~ 566 2
64 IC 450 Sy1 06 52 12.3346265592 +74 25 37.121227716   15.16 14.19     ~ 619 1
65 NGC 2410 Sy2 07 35 02.2553446824 +32 49 19.644162420   17.01 16.26     ~ 102 1
66 Z 286-36 Sy1 07 36 57.0265753824 +58 46 13.432215792   14.77 14.37     ~ 262 0
67 Z 235-30 Sy1 07 42 32.8210670808 +49 48 34.783809768   14.74 14.27     ~ 769 1
68 Mrk 78 Sy2 07 42 41.7033384240 +65 10 37.447730076   15.57 14.58     ~ 386 3
69 Z 147-61 Sy2 07 44 09.1275236304 +29 14 50.762711400   13.28       ~ 145 1
70 Z 286-62 Sy1 07 47 29.0792948928 +60 56 00.658649544   15.18 14.71     ~ 253 0
71 IC 486 Sy2 08 00 20.9844002160 +26 36 48.656447136   17.05 16.36     ~ 164 0
72 Z 207-33 Sy2 08 07 40.9957797624 +39 00 15.247008108   14.90 14.08     ~ 190 0
73 ESO 18-9 Sy2 08 24 07.927 -77 46 57.42   14.5 13.7     ~ 38 0
74 Z 4-40 Sy2 08 30 14.4203624400 -02 52 49.847026224   15.5       ~ 40 0
75 Z 311-9 AGN 08 36 42.3209345039 +66 13 58.101084912   15.7       ~ 23 0
76 MCG-01-24-012 Sy2 09 20 46.2617017368 -08 03 21.933760068   17.86 17.34     ~ 177 0
77 Z 7-49 Sy1 09 52 19.168 -01 36 44.10   14.99 14.39 11.2   ~ 348 1
78 NGC 3227 Sy1 10 23 30.5765149296 +19 51 54.282206700   12.61 11.79     ~ 1807 2
79 Z 313-16 Sy2 10 25 13.0440322536 +67 17 49.792276428   15.7       ~ 30 0
80 Z 333-49 Sy2 10 44 08.5546976016 +70 24 19.184554080   15.5       ~ 71 1
81 NGC 3393 Sy2 10 48 23.4653152920 -25 09 43.487648784   13.10 13.95 11.67 12.2 ~ 471 1
82 NGC 3516 Sy1 11 06 47.4632200800 +72 34 07.298374656   13.12 12.40     ~ 1638 0
83 IRAS 11215-2806 Sy2 11 24 02.7219289536 -28 23 15.489126168   15.7       ~ 71 0
84 MCG-05-27-013 Sy2 11 27 23.4314224104 -29 15 27.540738540   14.76 15.49 13.18   ~ 88 1
85 NGC 3783 Sy1 11 39 01.7096819040 -37 44 19.009642992   12.46 13.43 11.33 12.1 ~ 1765 1
86 NGC 3982 Sy2 11 56 28.1445516072 +55 07 30.859586652   12.20 11.70 11.18   ~ 588 1
87 NGC 4051 Sy1 12 03 09.6101337312 +44 31 52.682601288   11.08 12.92 9.94   ~ 2270 1
88 NGC 4253 Sy1 12 18 26.5163572920 +29 48 46.531535472   14.34 13.57     ~ 1106 1
89 NGC 4388 Sy2 12 25 46.820 +12 39 43.45 11.91 11.76 11.02     ~ 1433 2
90 NGC 4507 Sy2 12 35 36.6338976888 -39 54 33.710416272   12.95 13.54 11.70 12.4 ~ 532 1
91 NGC 4593 Sy1 12 39 39.4435107024 -05 20 39.034988448   13.95 13.15     ~ 1179 0
92 IC 3639 Sy1 12 40 52.8344884344 -36 45 21.057011172   13.01 13.50 11.87 12.7 ~ 262 1
93 NGC 4704 Sy2 12 48 46.4268385512 +41 55 16.509765900   14.8       ~ 77 0
94 NGC 4748 Sy1 12 52 12.4650934680 -13 24 53.262019944   14.73 14.03 12.82   ~ 287 0
95 MCG-07-27-013 Sy2 12 53 20.3097014016 -41 38 08.252887200   13.89 13.61 12.29   ~ 95 0
96 NGC 4785 Sy2 12 53 27.3416048448 -48 44 57.213423456   13.22 12.09 12.8 12.5 ~ 75 0
97 NGC 4903 Sy2 13 01 22.7751127320 -30 56 06.083377404   13.74   12.49 13.40 ~ 52 0
98 NGC 4945 Sy2 13 05 27.279 -49 28 04.44   9.31 14.40 7.55   ~ 1582 2
99 NGC 4968 Sy2 13 07 05.976 -23 40 37.34   13.78 14.79 12.46 12.78 ~ 198 2
100 PKS 1306-241 Sy1 13 08 42.01125890 -24 22 57.9385806   15.54   14.93 14.43 ~ 67 1
101 MCG-03-34-064 Sy2 13 22 24.4583154360 -16 43 42.481822404   14   13.16   ~ 345 2
102 ESO 383-18 Sy2 13 33 26.1018852696 -34 00 53.311162860   15.29 15.32 14.30 14.25 ~ 95 0
103 MCG-06-30-015 Sy1 13 35 53.7691256160 -34 17 44.160716796   13.89 13.61 8.9   ~ 1559 0
104 NGC 5256 PaG 13 38 17.81 +48 16 41.2   14.1 13.42     ~ 449 1
105 Z 190-55 Sy2 13 47 17.7559627128 +34 08 55.633887528   14.5       ~ 103 1
106 NGC 5347 Sy2 13 53 17.7984934128 +33 29 27.011618196   13.46 12.70     ~ 373 1
107 Z 74-129 Sy2 14 10 41.3427501312 +13 33 28.917149112   15.54 14.6     ~ 73 0
108 NGC 5520 AGN 14 12 22.8055823616 +50 20 54.479575320   13.3       ~ 141 0
109 NGC 5506 Bla 14 13 14.8761010056 -03 12 27.556909272   15.25 14.38     ~ 1173 1
110 NGC 5548 Sy1 14 17 59.5400291832 +25 08 12.603122268   14.35 13.73     ~ 2895 0
111 Z 296-6 Sy2 14 28 17.9855964384 +57 10 18.446142504   15.15 14.69     ~ 34 0
112 2dFGRS TGN209Z018 G 14 31 29.747 -03 17 54.62   17.512   16.322   ~ 3 0
113 NGC 5643 Sy2 14 32 40.778 -44 10 28.60   11.03 13.60 9.92 10.6 ~ 652 1
114 IRAS 14317-3237 Sy2 14 34 45.4783927488 -32 50 32.402560416   15.9       ~ 33 1
115 Z 296-15 Sy1 14 36 22.0820611632 +58 47 39.394934844   14.19 13.79     ~ 592 0
116 Z 273-23 Sy2 14 40 38.0960806920 +53 30 15.961505184   16.05 15.03     ~ 341 1
117 Z 164-19 Sy2 14 45 36.8464489536 +27 02 05.566485732   12.7 15.3 11.9   ~ 86 0
118 Mrk 841 Sy1 15 04 01.1935384104 +10 26 15.780409692   14.50 14.27     ~ 701 0
119 Z 77-80 Sy2 15 20 53.2388810184 +08 23 48.725581668   15.3       ~ 52 0
120 Z 222-3 Sy2 15 21 32.9833543464 +39 12 02.733834492   15.30       ~ 64 0
121 Z 77-117 Sy2 15 24 12.5827755768 +08 32 41.332419168   15.6       ~ 55 0
122 Z 338-9 Sy2 15 35 47.6929571280 +73 27 02.521494468   14.90       ~ 63 0
123 Z 166-47 Sy2 15 43 57.3402221184 +28 31 26.498803332   15.6       ~ 38 0
124 NGC 5993 Q? 15 44 27.4032686664 +41 07 18.525673092   13.9       ~ 52 0
125 IRAS 15480-0344 Sy1 15 50 41.4972847704 -03 53 17.990582640   16.20 15.1 14.83   ~ 105 1
126 Z 195-3 Sy1 15 59 09.6231720696 +35 01 47.561352852   15.69 15.06     ~ 346 0
127 IC 1198 Sy1 16 08 36.3765301680 +12 19 51.601799568   15.63 14.94     ~ 135 0
128 3C 345 Bla 16 42 58.80997043 +39 48 36.9939552   16.81 16.59 16.84   ~ 1808 3
129 NGC 6240 Sy2 16 52 58.9 +02 24 03   14.31 13.37     ~ 1734 2
130 7C 173240.70+385949.00 BLL 17 34 20.57853650 +38 57 51.4430945   19.5 19 19.00   ~ 232 1
131 Z 112-10 Sy2 17 35 33.7558321464 +20 47 47.042181276   14.8 16.2     ~ 36 0
132 NGC 6552 Sy2 18 00 07.2518347776 +66 36 54.360343188   14.6 13.74     ~ 184 1
133 Z 340-35 BLL 18 06 50.6802916920 +69 49 28.109609256   14.77 14.22 11.39   ~ 909 1
134 FRL 49 Sy2 18 36 58.2335883144 -59 24 08.282326320   11.1   14.19   ~ 270 1
135 IC 4729 Sy2 18 39 56.4717963696 -67 25 32.588497524   13.59   11.84 13.0 ~ 55 0
136 ESO 140-43 Sy1 18 44 53.9892878664 -62 21 52.874216640   14.14 14.10 12.94 13.1 ~ 266 0
137 NGC 6789 AG? 19 16 41.169 +63 58 23.90   13.76       ~ 122 1
138 ESO 141-55 Sy1 19 21 14.1473895816 -58 40 12.982437480   14.36 13.64 13.28   ~ 394 0
139 IRAS 19580-1818 Sy2 20 00 55.752 -18 10 27.40   16.29 15.21     ~ 74 0
140 NGC 6860 Sy2 20 08 46.8865940304 -61 05 59.782024608   13.70 13.53 12.14   ~ 203 0
141 IC 4995 Sy2 20 19 58.9795544088 -52 37 18.903502956   14.32 14.06 12.84   ~ 71 0
142 6dFGS gJ203404.0-814234 Sy2 20 34 03.8278532280 -81 42 33.500434932   17.65   16.17   ~ 19 0
143 * ups Pav * 20 41 57.0765328248 -66 45 38.450579292   5.068 5.134     B9III 47 0
144 Mrk 509 Sy1 20 44 09.7504483224 -10 43 24.727155528   13.35 13.12 10.7   ~ 1370 0
145 NGC 6967 Sy2 20 47 34.0952387568 +00 24 41.893858548   14.3 12.8     ~ 55 0
146 IC 5063 Bla 20 52 02.15 -57 04 06.7   12.92 13.60 11.30   ~ 710 1
147 NGC 7213 Bla 22 09 16.2100443720 -47 10 00.115999716   10.97 12.08 10.50 10.6 ~ 700 1
148 ESO 344-16 Sy1 22 14 42.0139106784 -38 48 22.878054144   15.32 14.54 10.0   ~ 76 0
149 MCG-02-57-023 Sy2 22 36 46.4981814408 -12 32 42.887039748   15.35 14.50 13.6   ~ 192 0
150 Z 404-28 Sy1 22 40 17.0609184456 +08 03 13.539839976   15.30 14.45     ~ 202 1
151 Z 452-43 SyG 22 41 55.9547870544 +20 15 41.376301128   15.28 14.65     ~ 65 0
152 Z 495-18 Sy1 22 42 39.3363009144 +29 43 31.302092640   14.86 14.16     ~ 748 1
153 MCG-03-58-007 Sy1 22 49 37.1473817784 -19 16 26.364266220   15.62 14.79     ~ 120 1
154 NGC 7469 Sy1 23 03 15.6 +08 52 26 12.60 13.00 12.34     ~ 2253 3
155 NGC 7479 Sy2 23 04 56.6432243448 +12 19 22.357387020 11.74 11.60 10.85 10.47 9.66 ~ 783 2
156 Z 379-29 Sy2 23 05 18.8343677808 +00 11 22.154765712   16.06 15.03     ~ 94 0
157 NGC 7674 Sy1 23 27 56.6973043968 +08 46 44.253707772 13.84 13.92 13.23 12.64   ~ 738 2
158 Z 432-31 Sy2 23 47 09.1963447944 +15 35 48.271844760   15.12 14.4     ~ 53 0
159 Z 498-38 Sy2 23 55 44.2394896128 +30 12 44.562433356   15.2       ~ 43 1
160 LEDA 165936 G 23 57 13.2913992456 +19 31 17.338090944           ~ 16 0

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