2025ApJ...979...78G

Query : 2025ApJ...979...78G

2025ApJ...979...78G - Astrophys. J., 979, 78 (2025/January-3)

An Effect Study of Structural Jets on the Long Gamma-Ray Burst Formation Rate at Low Redshift.

GUO Q., TAN Q. and SHI B.

Abstract (from CDS):

Gamma-ray bursts (GRBs) are considered the most violent explosions in the Universe. Numerous studies have analyzed the formation rate of long gamma-ray bursts (LGRBs), which originate from the core collapse of massive stars, in comparison with the star formation rate (SFR). It is found that the LGRB formation rate at redshift z < 1 is significantly distinct from the SFR and is higher. Moreover, due to the threshold of detectors, the structured jets of GRBs also affect detection numbers at different redshifts, which all influence the calculation of the formation rate. Thus we investigate the LGRB formation rate at low redshift and further explore the possible correlation between the LGRB formation rate under the influence of structural jets and the SFR. We use Lynden-Bell's c– method to study the luminosity function and rate of Swift LGRBs without any assumptions. After correcting for the redshift evolution, the luminosity function can be expressed as $\psi ({L}_{0})\propto {L}_{0}^{-0.17\pm 0.01}$ for dim LGRBs and $\psi ({L}_{0})\propto {L}_{0}^{-1.36\pm 0.05}$ for bright LGRBs, and the formation rate at z < 1 shows an increase. Then we use Monte Carlo simulations to create pseudo-GRBs with structured jets and calculate the formation rates assuming that the actual LGRB formation rate at low redshift is proportional to the SRF. The results demonstrate that structural jets increase the number of detections at low redshift in response to observational effects. Compared with the observed formation rate, the structured jet model with Gauss-cocoon is found to be relatively more efficient, and the parameters η of this model are limited and analyzed to [0.5, 5].

Abstract Copyright: © 2025. The Author(s). Published by the American Astronomical Society.

Journal keyword(s): Gamma-ray bursts - Burst astrophysics - Star formation

Status at CDS : Large table(s) will be appraised for possible ingestion in VizieR.

Simbad objects: 197

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Number of rows : 197
N Identifier Otype ICRS (J2000)
RA 		ICRS (J2000)
DEC 		Mag U Mag B Mag V Mag R Mag I Sp type #ref
1850 - 2026 		#notes
1 GRB 180720B gB 00 02 06.99 -02 55 07.8           ~ 215 0
2 GRB 070110 gB 00 03 39.270 -52 58 27.00 21.8 21.9 21.2     ~ 220 0
3 GRB 060708 gB 00 31 13.850 -33 45 32.40 19.07 19.79 17.37     ~ 109 0
4 GRB 150206A gB 00 40 17.57 -63 10 56.0           ~ 55 0
5 SN 2010ma SN* 00 48 55.35 -34 33 59.5           SNIc 190 1
6 GRB 050904 gB 00 54 50.794 +14 05 09.42           ~ 496 0
7 GRB 181020A gB 00 55 55.77 -47 22 50.6           ~ 61 0
8 Fermi bn100814160 gB 01 29 53.61 -17 59 43.6           ~ 219 0
9 GRB 081222 gB 01 30 57.76 -34 05 44.0           ~ 199 0
10 GRB 100906A gB 01 54 44.19 +55 37 49.8           ~ 233 0
11 Fermi bn091208410 gB 01 57 38.50 +16 52 50.7           ~ 220 0
12 Fermi bn140304557 gB 02 02 33.90 +33 28 27.9           ~ 106 0
13 GRB 060908 gB 02 07 18.360 +00 20 31.20 16.99 18.34 16.85     ~ 217 0
14 GRB 091018 gB 02 08 46 -57 33.0           ~ 169 0
15 SN 2009nz SN* 02 26 19.87 -18 57 08.6           ~ 307 1
16 GRB 070129 gB 02 28 00.940 +11 41 04.00       21.3   ~ 120 0
17 GRB 080411 gB 02 31 54.82 -71 18 07.5           ~ 109 0
18 GRB 151029A gB 02 34 06.71 -35 23 07.8           ~ 40 0
19 GRB 050603 gB 02 39 56.839 -25 10 54.92     18.48     ~ 174 0
20 GRB 060306 gB 02 44 22.830 -02 08 55.00           ~ 119 0
21 Fermi bn110213220 gB 02 51 51.37 +49 16 21.2           ~ 175 0
22 SN 2013ez SN* 02 53 56.70 +13 23 13.6           ~ 118 0
23 Fermi bn100728439 gB 02 56 13.44 +00 16 51.6           ~ 142 0
24 SN 2019oyw SN* 02 58 10.510 -08 57 27.20           ~ 218 0
25 GRB 120802A gB 02 59 22.04 +13 46 05.0           ~ 76 0
26 Fermi bn090926914 gB 03 05 14.30 -38 59 50.9           ~ 149 1
27 GRB 061007 gB 03 05 19.510 -50 30 02.50 14.28 14.40 12.95     ~ 315 1
28 GRB 140907A gB 03 12 34.98 +46 36 17.2           ~ 81 0
29 GRB 191004B gB 03 16 48.97 -39 38 06.3           ~ 32 0
30 GRB 190324A gB 03 18 27.77 -47 12 54.1           ~ 35 0
31 GRB 050318 gB 03 18 51.000 -46 23 43.61 18.10 18.68 17.58     ~ 189 0
32 GRB 060115 gB 03 36 08.400 +17 20 43.00           ~ 179 0
33 Fermi bn151111356 gB 03 47 22.76 -44 09 41.4           ~ 42 0
34 GRB 110808A gB 03 49 04.28 -44 11 40.3           ~ 64 0
35 GRB 060210 gB 03 50 57.370 +27 01 34.40   20.27       ~ 275 0
36 GRB 070714B G 03 51 22.2720 +28 17 50.943           ~ 248 0
37 GRB 071227A G 03 52 31.0260 -55 59 00.890           ~ 201 0
38 GRB 091029 gB 04 00 40.00 -55 57 12.7           ~ 168 0
39 GRB 111008A gB 04 01 48.220 -32 42 34.09           ~ 127 0
40 Fermi bn170113420 gB 04 06 59 -71 56.0           ~ 64 0
41 GRB 121027A gB 04 14 23.450 -58 49 47.17           ~ 136 0
42 GRB 080913 gB 04 22 57.90 -25 07 38.6           ~ 213 0
43 Fermi bn131105087 gB 04 43 53.50 -63 00 17.7           ~ 95 0
44 Fermi bn120907017 gB 04 58 59.99 -09 18 53.7           ~ 89 0
45 Fermi bn141004973 gB 05 06 56.11 +12 49 10.1           ~ 75 0
46 GRB 060124 gB 05 08 25.900 +69 44 26.98   18.91 17.35     ~ 280 0
47 GRB 160131A gB 05 12 40.31 -07 02 59.4           ~ 86 0
48 GRB 081118 gB 05 30 22.28 -43 18 03.1           ~ 79 0
49 GRB 210321A gB 05 51 34.99 +70 07 50.0           ~ 24 0
50 Fermi bn100728095 gB 05 55 02.00 -15 15 20.2           ~ 157 0
51 Fermi bn150301818 gB 05 56 40.04 -57 58 10.4           ~ 67 0
52 GRB 081121 gB 05 57 07.70 -60 36 42.1           ~ 152 0
53 GRB 110801A gB 05 57 44.87 +80 57 21.1           ~ 90 0
54 GRB 220117A gB 06 06 17.40 -28 26 14.6           ~ 27 0
55 SN 2016jca SN* 06 06 51.36 -26 47 29.7           SNIc 140 0
56 Fermi bn180314030 gB 06 37 03.66 -24 29 46.5           ~ 46 0
57 GRB 140213A gB 07 00 37.18 -73 08 14.1           ~ 102 0
58 GRB 200205B gB 07 11 09.15 -56 29 15.3       18.56 17.15 ~ 22 0
59 GRB 110422A gB 07 28 11.21 +75 06 24.0           ~ 113 0
60 GRB 071020 gB 07 58 39.65 +32 51 38.8           ~ 158 0
61 Fermi bn120119170 gB 08 00 06.940 -09 04 53.83           ~ 193 0
62 GRB 081028 gB 08 07 34.40 +02 18 16.8           ~ 125 0
63 Fermi bn150314205 gB 08 26 40.82 +63 50 03.4           ~ 117 0
64 Fermi bn180205184 gB 08 27 16.72 +11 32 32.6           ~ 60 0
65 GRB 140419A gB 08 27 57.56 +46 14 25.3           ~ 95 0
66 GRB 150323A gB 08 32 42.73 +45 27 52.9           ~ 68 0
67 GRB 090102 gB 08 32 59.50 +33 06 25.7           ~ 253 0
68 Fermi bn111107035 gB 08 37 54.66 -66 31 12.3           ~ 97 0
69 GRB 211227A gB 08 48 35.73 -02 44 07.1           ~ 57 0
70 GRB 110503A gB 08 51 06.31 +52 12 27.7           ~ 115 0
71 GRB 130408A gB 08 57 37.30 -32 21 38.9           ~ 98 0
72 Fermi bn090516353 gB 09 12 59 -11 50.9           ~ 173 0
73 Fermi bn141225959 gB 09 15 06.77 +33 47 30.9           ~ 64 0
74 GRB 130505A gB 09 17 21.9014988888 +01 42 03.426207768           ~ 94 0
75 Fermi bn090519881 gB 09 29 16.20 +00 11 23.9           ~ 98 0
76 Fermi bn161017745 gB 09 31 04.53 +43 07 35.0           ~ 75 0
77 GRB 141109A gB 09 38 07.40 -00 36 28.6           ~ 73 0
78 GRB 061021 gB 09 40 36.120 -21 57 05.40 18.21 19.20 16.82     ~ 160 0
79 Fermi bn140206304 gB 09 41 16.90 +66 45 42.7           ~ 149 0
80 GRB 061121 gB 09 48 54.570 -13 11 42.68 17.19 17.71 17.02     ~ 350 0
81 GRB 070306 gB 09 52 23.220 +10 28 55.20           ~ 222 1
82 GRB 171222A gB 09 53 06.69 +35 37 36.1           ~ 57 0
83 Fermi bn111228657 gB 10 00 16.04 +18 17 52.2           ~ 201 0
84 GRB 071010B gB 10 02 09.20 +45 43 52.2           ~ 173 0
85 GRB 160410A gB 10 02 44.37 +03 28 42.7           ~ 75 0
86 GRB 170202A gB 10 10 06 +05 01.0           ~ 90 0
87 GRB 191221B gB 10 19 19.17 -38 09 27.5           ~ 66 0
88 GRB 111123A gB 10 19 23.17 -20 38 41.9           ~ 83 0
89 GRB 180325A gB 10 29 42.57 +24 27 48.7           ~ 85 0
90 GRB 110205A gB 10 58 31.12 +67 31 31.2           ~ 213 0
91 GRB 210702A gB 11 14 18.89 -36 44 49.8           ~ 40 0
92 Fermi bn120712571 gB 11 18 21.16 -20 02 01.1           ~ 90 0
93 SN 2013cq SN* 11 32 32.84 +27 41 56.2           SNIc 613 1
94 Fermi bn091020900 gB 11 42 55.20 +50 58 42.0           ~ 188 0
95 GRB 080603B gB 11 46 07.46 +68 03 38.5           ~ 153 0
96 Fermi bn100615083 gB 11 48 49.25 -19 28 52.2           ~ 133 0
97 GRB 140515A gB 12 24 15.48 +15 06 17.7           ~ 90 0
98 GRB 050416 gB 12 33 54.600 +21 03 26.69     19.12     ~ 300 1
99 GRB 090424 gB 12 38 07.40 +16 49 45.9           ~ 269 0
100 GRB 070810A gB 12 39 51.18 +10 45 02.8           ~ 80 0
101 GRB 150413A gB 12 41 35.10 +71 50 21.9           ~ 70 0
102 Fermi bn170705115 gB 12 49 +17.9           ~ 66 0
103 GRB 160227A gB 12 59 13.71 +78 40 45.1           ~ 69 0
104 GRB 080607A gB 12 59 47.14 +15 55 09.6           ~ 257 0
105 Fermi bn141220252 gB 13 00 15.70 +32 08 47.2           ~ 81 0
106 Fermi bn121211574 gB 13 02 07.99 +30 08 54.6           ~ 99 0
107 Fermi bn130420313 gB 13 04 25.49 +59 25 26.8           ~ 112 0
108 Fermi bn140423356 gB 13 09 06.20 +49 50 18.3           ~ 114 0
109 Fermi bn141221338 gB 13 13 09.02 +08 12 18.3           ~ 76 0
110 Fermi bn120811649 gB 13 18 43.82 +62 18 02.8           ~ 113 0
111 GRB 060206 gB 13 31 43.420 +35 03 03.60   19.99 17.09     ~ 330 0
112 GRB 150727A gB 13 35 52.52 -18 19 32.7           ~ 59 0
113 GRB 080207 gB 13 50 03.02 +07 30 08.0           ~ 114 0
114 GRB 090429B gB 14 02 40.10 +32 10 14.6           ~ 166 0
115 GRB 090529 gB 14 09 52.49 +24 27 33.5           ~ 89 0
116 GRB 201221A gB 14 17 55.22 -45 24 58.2           ~ 28 0
117 GRB 130907A gB 14 23 34.03 +45 36 27.1           ~ 120 0
118 GRB 080319B gB 14 31 41.04 +36 18 09.2           ~ 508 0
119 GRB 050802 gB 14 37 05.820 +27 47 12.62 16.85 17.38 16.97     ~ 186 0
120 Fermi bn170405777 gB 14 39 18.66 -25 14 36.9           ~ 75 0
121 GRB 060814 gB 14 45 21.480 +20 35 11.80           ~ 241 0
122 Fermi bn160804065 gB 14 46 31.20 +09 59 56.1           ~ 79 0
123 Fermi bn130610133 gB 14 57 40.91 +28 12 25.8           ~ 89 0
124 GRB 080721A gB 14 57 55.76 -11 43 24.9           ~ 180 0
125 GRB 140518A gB 15 09 00.60 +42 25 05.6           ~ 68 0
126 GRB 150818A gB 15 21 25.49 +68 20 31.2           ~ 53 0
127 GRB 081203A gB 15 32 07.6 +63 31 15           ~ 177 0
128 Fermi bn120922939 gB 15 38 59.67 -20 10 55.0           ~ 88 0
129 GRB 060428B gB 15 41 25.570 +62 01 28.93 20.64 20.62 19.50     ~ 71 0
130 GRB 110715A gB 15 50 44.090 -46 14 06.53           ~ 120 0
131 Fermi bn101213451 gB 16 05 15.27 +21 53 50.5           ~ 68 0
132 GRB 120724A gB 16 20 46.0 +03 30 33           ~ 51 0
133 GRB 120327A gB 16 27 27.49 -29 24 53.8           ~ 116 0
134 GRB 050401 gB 16 31 28.84 +02 11 14.5           ~ 348 0
135 GRB 140629A gB 16 35 54.44 +41 52 36.7           ~ 89 0
136 GRB 130606A gB 16 37 35.12 +29 47 46.4           ~ 185 0
137 GRB 090715B gB 16 45 21.59 +44 50 20.1           ~ 144 0
138 SN 2018fip SN* 16 54 15.64 -54 02 39.5           SNIc-BL 83 0
139 Fermi bn170903534 gB 16 58 06.22 +34 58 44.6           ~ 42 0
140 GRB 080319C gB 17 15 55.48 +55 23 31.7           ~ 174 0
141 Fermi bn130612141 gB 17 19 10.63 +16 43 11.8           ~ 89 0
142 GRB 201020A gB 17 24 54.73 +31 25 41.7           ~ 30 0
143 GRB 080605 gB 17 28 30.04 +04 00 56.9           ~ 198 0
144 GRB 210210A gB 17 31 04.90 +14 39 45.1           ~ 30 0
145 Fermi bn151027166 gB 18 09 56.87 +61 21 12.3           ~ 143 0
146 Fermi bn120326056 gB 18 15 37.06 +69 15 35.4           ~ 188 0
147 GRB 120909A gB 18 22 56.81 -59 26 54.9           ~ 103 0
148 Fermi bn140506880 gB 18 27 06.04 -55 38 08.7           ~ 113 0
149 SN 2005nc SN* 18 32 32.560 +26 20 22.34           SNIc: 400 1
150 Fermi bn081008832 gB 18 39 52.40 -57 25 58.8           ~ 224 0
151 Fermi bn110731465 gB 18 42 00.99 -28 32 13.8           ~ 193 0
152 GRB 080413A gB 19 09 11.73 -27 40 39.6           ~ 163 0
153 Fermi bn140512814 gB 19 17 28.81 -15 05 39.5           ~ 133 0
154 GRB 090618 gB 19 36 01.80 +78 21 07.1           ~ 358 0
155 GRB 130514A gB 19 45 07.33 -07 58 41.1           ~ 82 0
156 GRB 100425A gB 19 56 47.16 -26 25 50.5           ~ 91 0
157 Fermi bn121128212 gB 20 02 23.88 +54 17 59.1           ~ 128 0
158 GRB 071003 gB 20 07 24.50 +10 56 48.8           ~ 181 0
159 GRB 210822A gB 20 17 44.99 +05 17 00.5           ~ 49 0
160 GRB 150403A gB 20 46 01.17 -62 42 40.1           ~ 116 0
161 GRB 070508 gB 20 51 11.810 -78 23 04.88     19.62     ~ 144 0
162 GRB 100621A gB 21 01 13.12 -51 06 22.5           ~ 204 0
163 Fermi bn161129300 gB 21 04 54.66 +32 08 05.5           ~ 65 0
164 Fermi bn110818860 gB 21 09 20.890 -63 58 51.80           ~ 92 0
165 GRB 050922C gB 21 09 33.000 -08 45 30.10 15.15 15.86 14.69     ~ 301 0
166 GRB 060614 G 21 23 32.140 -53 01 36.10           ~ 714 0
167 GRB 161117A gB 21 28 12.59 -29 36 49.9           ~ 74 0
168 GRB 080413B gB 21 44 34.62 -19 58 51.2           ~ 191 0
169 Fermi bn080804972 gB 21 54 41.90 -53 11 20.2           ~ 158 0
170 GRB 090809 gB 21 54 43.2 -00 05 02           ~ 90 0
171 GRB 060927A gB 21 58 11.930 +05 21 50.32           ~ 215 0
172 Fermi bn160624477 gB 22 00 46.21 +29 38 37.8           ~ 69 0
173 GRB 051109A gB 22 01 15.320 +40 49 23.70   20.09 20.14     ~ 190 0
174 GRB 131117A gB 22 09 19.47 -31 45 44.5           ~ 67 0
175 GRB 161014A gB 22 10 35.42 +07 28 07.6           ~ 69 0
176 GRB 071117 gB 22 20 10.40 -63 26 36.6           ~ 112 0
177 Fermi bn080916406 gB 22 25 09.30 -57 01 33.7           ~ 177 0
178 GRB 151021A gB 22 30 34.43 -33 11 50.4           ~ 72 0
179 Fermi bn091024380 gB 22 37 +56.9           ~ 151 0
180 SN 2008hw SN* 22 39 50.39 -40 08 49.1           SNIc 197 1
181 Fermi bn150821406 gB 22 47 39.15 -57 53 38.2           ~ 71 0
182 Fermi bn090927422 gB 22 55 53.41 -70 58 49.3           ~ 112 0
183 GRB 131030A gB 23 00 16.14 -05 22 05.2           ~ 126 0
184 GRB 051111A gB 23 12 33.170 +18 22 28.80 19.77 20.08 19.50     ~ 223 0
185 GRB 051001 gB 23 23 48.580 -31 31 25.70           ~ 80 0
186 GRB 240205B gB 23 25 52 -55 07.4           ~ 21 0
187 Fermi bn100816026 gB 23 26 57.56 +26 34 42.6           ~ 170 0
188 GRB 090812 gB 23 32 48.5 -10 36 17           ~ 165 0
189 SN 2012eb SN* 23 41 38.35 -46 11 07.0           SNIb/c 62 1
190 Fermi bn080810549 gB 23 47 08.00 +00 18 35.1           ~ 240 0
191 GRB 060707 gB 23 48 19.000 -17 54 17.00     19.79     ~ 170 0
192 GRB 130701A gB 23 48 55.05 +36 06 01.2           ~ 81 0
193 GRB 061222A gB 23 53 03.419 +46 31 58.60           ~ 177 0
194 SN 2013fu SN* 23 54 29.91 +29 25 47.6           SNIb/c 144 1
195 GRB 140603A gB ~ ~           ~ 2 0
196 GRB 231215A gB ~ ~           ~ 35 0
197 GRB 231210B gB ~ ~           ~ 17 0

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