2025ApJ...980..195H

In interstellar environments, gas-phase polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbon (PAH) predominantly involves (photo)fragmentation, hydrogenation, and oxidation chemical routes, which lead to the formation of complex organic species. Here the gas-phase reactions between tribenzo-naphtho-pero-pyrene (TNPP, C₄₀H₁₈) cations and ultraviolet, ^18/16O or D atoms are investigated. The oxidized TNPP cations ([C₄₀H_18/17/16O_n]⁺, n = [1, 6]) are newly formed; the collision-induced deoxidation of oxidized TNPP cations is followed by the loss of HCO/CO units. With laser irradiation, the photo-deoxidation of oxidized TNPP cations is identified. Smaller PAH cations, [C_40–nH_18–n]⁺, with n = [1, 5], i.e., PAHs containing odd carbon numbers (e.g., 39, 37 C atoms), are produced. Furthermore, the oxidized-deuterated TNPP cations ([C₄₀H_mD_nO_x]⁺) are well formed upon simultaneous reaction with O and D atoms. The structure of the oxidized-deuterated TNPP cations and the bonding energy for these reaction pathways were investigated with theoretical calculations. Four oxidation bonding types are identified together with their evolution pathways. The reaction energy is relatively high, and the addition of O/D atoms to the carbon skeleton is a relatively random and independent event, i.e., with no restrictions or requirements for the carbon sites of PAH species. Consequently, the oxidized-deuterated states and forms of PAH compounds are intricate and complex. Furthermore, the calculations confirm that the loss of CO or H+CO is energetically preferable. Importantly, the formation of the carbonyl unit is confirmed. We infer that the collision/photo-induced deoxidation (loss of (H)CO units) of oxidized PAH species is involved in the top-down evolution routes of large PAHs and effectively catalyzes the potential formation of small oxygen-containing species (e.g., OH/HCO/CO) in the interstellar medium.