2025ApJ...980..241A

Query : 2025ApJ...980..241A

2025ApJ...980..241A - Astrophys. J., 980, 241 (2025/February-3)

GRB 221009A and the Apparently Most Energetic Gamma-Ray Bursts.

ATTEIA J.-L., BOUCHET L., DEZALAY J.-P., FORTIN F., GODET O., GUILLOT S., KLOTZ A., DAIGNE F., MOCHKOVITCH R. and TURPIN D.

Abstract (from CDS):

Gamma-ray bursts (GRBs) are often referred to as the most luminous explosions in the Universe, due to their short and highly luminous prompt emission. This apparent luminosity, however, does not reflect the true energy budget of the prompt emission, which is strongly beamed. Accurate estimations of the energy radiated during the prompt phase require taking the geometry of GRB jets into account, which remains poorly known. Nevertheless, one may establish the distribution of well-measured quantities, like Eiso, the GRB isotropic equivalent energy, which encrypts crucial information about GRB jets, with the aim of providing constraints on the jet's radiated energy. In this work, we study the bright end of the GRB isotropic equivalent energy distribution (hereafter called “apparent energy”), using an updated sample of 185 apparently energetic GRBs with Eiso ≥ 1053 erg. This new sample includes GRB 221009A, allowing us to discuss this apparently superenergetic GRB in the context of the general Eiso distribution of long GRBs. We describe the construction of the sample and compare three fits of the Eiso distribution with a simple power law, a cutoff power law, and a broken power law. Our study confirms the existence of a cutoff around Eiso = 4 × 1054 erg, even when GRB 221009A is included in the sample. Based on this finding, we discuss the possible reasons behind the rapid decrease in the number of apparently energetic gamma-ray bursts beyond Eiso = 4 × 1054 erg and the interpretation of GRB 221009A, the most apparently energetic GRB detected to date, in this context.

Abstract Copyright: © 2025. The Author(s). Published by the American Astronomical Society.

Journal keyword(s): Gamma-ray bursts

Status at CDS : Large table(s) will be appraised for possible ingestion in VizieR.

Simbad objects: 185

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Number of rows : 185
N Identifier Otype ICRS (J2000)
RA 		ICRS (J2000)
DEC 		Mag U Mag B Mag V Mag R Mag I Sp type #ref
1850 - 2026 		#notes
1 GRB 180720B gB 00 02 06.99 -02 55 07.8           ~ 215 0
2 GRB 220101A gB 00 05 24.89 +31 46 07.7           ~ 85 0
3 Fermi bn160629930 gB 00 19 27.17 +76 58 02.4           ~ 39 0
4 GRB 150206A gB 00 40 17.57 -63 10 56.0           ~ 55 0
5 Fermi bn131231198 gB 00 42 44.0 -01 29 40           ~ 103 0
6 Fermi bn140703026 gB 00 51 58.99 +45 06 05.4           ~ 90 0
7 GRB 050904 gB 00 54 50.794 +14 05 09.42           ~ 496 0
8 GRB 181020A gB 00 55 55.77 -47 22 50.6           ~ 61 0
9 Fermi bn081221681 gB 01 03 10.2 -24 32 53           ~ 186 0
10 GRB 201216C gB 01 05 28.88 +16 30 58.0           ~ 89 0
11 GRB 081222 gB 01 30 57.76 -34 05 44.0           ~ 199 0
12 GRB 100906A gB 01 54 44.19 +55 37 49.8           ~ 233 0
13 GRB 000210 gB 01 59 15 -40 40.0           ~ 175 0
14 GRB 190106A gB 01 59 31.23 +23 50 43.8           ~ 66 0
15 Fermi bn140304557 gB 02 02 33.90 +33 28 27.9           ~ 106 0
16 GRB 131011A gB 02 10 06.11 -04 24 42.5           ~ 45 0
17 GRB 110918A gB 02 10 09.39 -27 06 19.6           ~ 83 0
18 GRB 070721B gB 02 12 32.98 -02 11 39.8           ~ 128 0
19 GRB 000911 gB 02 18 42 +07 48.0           ~ 163 0
20 GRB 080411 gB 02 31 54.82 -71 18 07.5           ~ 109 0
21 GRB 060906 gB 02 43 00.900 +30 21 42.12     19.84     ~ 147 0
22 GRB 201103B gB 02 48 44.29 +12 08 18.9           ~ 24 0
23 GRB 120802A gB 02 59 22.04 +13 46 05.0           ~ 76 0
24 GRB 061007 gB 03 05 19.510 -50 30 02.50 14.28 14.40 12.95     ~ 315 1
25 GRB 191004B gB 03 16 48.97 -39 38 06.3           ~ 32 0
26 GRB 190114C gB 03 38 01.18 -26 56 47.8           ~ 343 0
27 Fermi bn151111356 gB 03 47 22.76 -44 09 41.4           ~ 42 0
28 GRB 060210 gB 03 50 57.370 +27 01 34.40   20.27       ~ 275 0
29 GRB 091029 gB 04 00 40.00 -55 57 12.7           ~ 168 0
30 GRB 111008A gB 04 01 48.220 -32 42 34.09           ~ 127 0
31 GRB 070328 gB 04 20 27.680 -34 04 00.60 20.29         ~ 97 0
32 GRB 171010A gB 04 26 19.41 -10 27 47.9           SNIc-BL 109 0
33 Fermi bn131105087 gB 04 43 53.50 -63 00 17.7           ~ 95 0
34 GRB 060124 gB 05 08 25.900 +69 44 26.98   18.91 17.35     ~ 280 0
35 GRB 991216 gB 05 09 31.2983 +11 17 07.262           ~ 430 0
36 GRB 990705 gB 05 09 54.5 -72 07 53           ~ 229 1
37 GRB 160131A gB 05 12 40.31 -07 02 59.4           ~ 86 0
38 Fermi bn100728095 gB 05 55 02.00 -15 15 20.2           ~ 157 0
39 GRB 081121 gB 05 57 07.70 -60 36 42.1           ~ 152 0
40 GRB 090328 gB 06 02 39.69 -41 52 55.1           ~ 194 1
41 GRB 220117A gB 06 06 17.40 -28 26 14.6           ~ 27 0
42 GRB 090201 gB 06 08 12.30 -46 36 16.1           ~ 68 0
43 GRB 000131 gB 06 13 31.08 -51 56 41.7     24.7     ~ 172 1
44 Fermi bn120711115 gB 06 18 42.839 -70 59 56.78           ~ 125 0
45 Fermi bn180314030 gB 06 37 03.66 -24 29 46.5           ~ 46 0
46 GRB 140213A gB 07 00 37.18 -73 08 14.1           ~ 102 0
47 GRB 070411 gB 07 09 19.930 +01 03 52.60     17.94     ~ 138 0
48 GRB 110422A gB 07 28 11.21 +75 06 24.0           ~ 113 0
49 GRB 070125 gB 07 51 17.80 +31 09 04.8           ~ 188 0
50 GRB 080916C gB 07 59 23.24 -56 38 16.8           ~ 386 0
51 Fermi bn120119170 gB 08 00 06.940 -09 04 53.83           ~ 193 0
52 GRB 190530A gB 08 02 07.73 +35 28 47.7           ~ 64 0
53 GRB 081028 gB 08 07 34.40 +02 18 16.8           ~ 125 0
54 Fermi bn150314205 gB 08 26 40.82 +63 50 03.4           ~ 117 0
55 GRB 140419A gB 08 27 57.56 +46 14 25.3           ~ 95 0
56 GRB 090102 gB 08 32 59.50 +33 06 25.7           ~ 253 0
57 GRB 110503A gB 08 51 06.31 +52 12 27.7           ~ 115 0
58 GRB 130408A gB 08 57 37.30 -32 21 38.9           ~ 98 0
59 Fermi bn090516353 gB 09 12 59 -11 50.9           ~ 173 0
60 GRB 130505A gB 09 17 21.9014988888 +01 42 03.426207768           ~ 94 0
61 GRB 050505 gB 09 27 03.300 +30 16 23.70     20.74     ~ 206 0
62 Fermi bn090519881 gB 09 29 16.20 +00 11 23.9           ~ 98 0
63 Fermi bn161017745 gB 09 31 04.53 +43 07 35.0           ~ 75 0
64 GRB 020124 gB 09 32 50.8 -11 31 11           ~ 155 0
65 GRB 141109A gB 09 38 07.40 -00 36 28.6           ~ 73 0
66 Fermi bn140206304 gB 09 41 16.90 +66 45 42.7           ~ 149 0
67 GRB 160327A gB 09 46 48.56 +54 00 46.4           ~ 43 0
68 GRB 061121 gB 09 48 54.570 -13 11 42.68 17.19 17.71 17.02     ~ 350 0
69 GRB 170202A gB 10 10 06 +05 01.0           ~ 90 0
70 GRB 200613A gB 10 12 10.03 +45 45 14.1           ~ 36 0
71 GRB 191221B gB 10 19 19.17 -38 09 27.5           ~ 66 0
72 GRB 111123A gB 10 19 23.17 -20 38 41.9           ~ 83 0
73 GRB 131108A gB 10 26 00.480 +09 39 44.05           ~ 96 0
74 GRB 180325A gB 10 29 42.57 +24 27 48.7           ~ 85 0
75 GRB 110205A gB 10 58 31.12 +67 31 31.2           ~ 213 0
76 GRB 210702A gB 11 14 18.89 -36 44 49.8           ~ 40 0
77 Fermi bn120712571 gB 11 18 21.16 -20 02 01.1           ~ 90 0
78 GRB 220107A gB 11 19 13.68 +34 10 14.3           ~ 29 0
79 Fermi bn120624933 gB 11 23 31.98 +08 55 42.1           ~ 100 0
80 SN 2013cq SN* 11 32 32.84 +27 41 56.2           SNIc 613 1
81 GRB 080603B gB 11 46 07.46 +68 03 38.5           ~ 153 0
82 GRB 990506 gB 11 54 41 -26 45.0           ~ 169 1
83 GRB 971214 gB 11 56 26.4 +65 12 01           ~ 445 1
84 GRB 030328 gB 12 10 48.4 -09 20 51           ~ 148 0
85 GRB 140114A gB 12 34 05.10 +27 57 02.6           ~ 61 0
86 GRB 150413A gB 12 41 35.10 +71 50 21.9           ~ 70 0
87 Fermi bn090323002 gB 12 42 50.28 +17 03 11.9           ~ 244 1
88 Fermi bn100414097 gB 12 48 30.0 +08 41 35           ~ 136 0
89 Fermi bn170705115 gB 12 49 +17.9           ~ 66 0
90 GRB 100724A gB 12 58 10.38 -11 06 09.3           ~ 198 0
91 GRB 160227A gB 12 59 13.71 +78 40 45.1           ~ 69 0
92 GRB 080607A gB 12 59 47.14 +15 55 09.6           ~ 257 0
93 Fermi bn140423356 gB 13 09 06.20 +49 50 18.3           ~ 114 0
94 GRB 230204B gB 13 10 34.60 -21 43 00.8           ~ 28 0
95 GRB 220627A gB 13 25 28.51 -32 25 34.5           ~ 31 0
96 GRB 051008 gB 13 31 28.100 +42 08 05.01 17.06   14.11     ~ 90 0
97 GRB 990510 gB 13 38 07.64 -80 29 48.8           ~ 499 1
98 GRB 080207 gB 13 50 03.02 +07 30 08.0           ~ 114 0
99 GRB 140311A gB 13 57 13.29 +00 38 31.7           ~ 86 0
100 GRB 020405 gB 13 58 03.12 -31 22 22.2   21.9 21.5     ~ 259 1
101 GRB 090429B gB 14 02 40.10 +32 10 14.6           ~ 166 0
102 GRB 050730 gB 14 08 17.090 -03 46 18.90   20.32 17.68     ~ 327 0
103 GRB 200524A gB 14 12 10.74 +60 54 19.4           ~ 40 0
104 GRB 120521C gB 14 17 09.10 +42 08 39.8           ~ 93 0
105 GRB 201221A gB 14 17 55.22 -45 24 58.2           ~ 28 0
106 GRB 130907A gB 14 23 34.03 +45 36 27.1           ~ 120 0
107 GRB 080319B gB 14 31 41.04 +36 18 09.2           ~ 508 0
108 Fermi bn170405777 gB 14 39 18.66 -25 14 36.9           ~ 75 0
109 GRB 060814 gB 14 45 21.480 +20 35 11.80           ~ 241 0
110 GRB 010222 G 14 52 12.5 +43 01 06           ~ 364 1
111 GRB 080721A gB 14 57 55.76 -11 43 24.9           ~ 180 0
112 GRB 060714 gB 15 11 26.450 -06 33 58.30   20.21 18.54     ~ 209 0
113 GRB 080906 gB 15 12 13 -80 32.4           ~ 63 0
114 GRB 140614A gB 15 24 40.69 -79 07 43.8           ~ 43 0
115 GRB 990123 gB 15 25 29 +44 45.0     8.95     ~ 1012 1
116 GRB 081203A gB 15 32 07.6 +63 31 15           ~ 177 0
117 Fermi bn120922939 gB 15 38 59.67 -20 10 55.0           ~ 88 0
118 GRB 120404A gB 15 40 02.29 +12 53 06.3           ~ 104 0
119 GRB 060418 gB 15 45 42.600 -03 38 20.00 15.73 16.19 14.98     ~ 389 0
120 GRB 070521 gB 16 10 38.600 +30 15 22.70           ~ 164 0
121 GRB 210610B gB 16 15 40.47 +14 23 56.3           ~ 87 0
122 GRB 120327A gB 16 27 27.49 -29 24 53.8           ~ 116 0
123 GRB 050401 gB 16 31 28.84 +02 11 14.5           ~ 348 0
124 GRB 991208 gB 16 33 53.51 +46 27 21.5           ~ 269 1
125 GRB 230812B gB 16 36 31.49 +47 51 31.3           ~ 89 0
126 GRB 130606A gB 16 37 35.12 +29 47 46.4           ~ 185 0
127 GRB 200829A gB 16 44 49.42 +72 19 45.3           ~ 55 0
128 GRB 090715B gB 16 45 21.59 +44 50 20.1           ~ 144 0
129 GRB 091003A gB 16 46 04.680 +36 37 31.08           ~ 135 0
130 GRB 140508A gB 17 01 51.95 +46 46 49.5           ~ 76 0
131 GRB 000926 gB 17 04 15 +51 46.0           ~ 373 0
132 GRB 170214A gB 17 05 21.94 -01 53 14.9           ~ 54 0
133 GRB 080319C gB 17 15 55.48 +55 23 31.7           ~ 174 0
134 GRB 080605 gB 17 28 30.04 +04 00 56.9           ~ 198 0
135 GRB 050814 gB 17 36 45.390 +46 20 21.60           ~ 166 0
136 Fermi bn090902462 gB 17 39 45.26 +27 19 28.1           ~ 440 0
137 GRB 090418A gB 17 57 15.17 +33 24 21.1           ~ 101 0
138 GRB 970828 gB 18 08 31.6 +59 18 51           ~ 353 1
139 GRB 120909A gB 18 22 56.81 -59 26 54.9           ~ 103 0
140 Fermi bn081008832 gB 18 39 52.40 -57 25 58.8           ~ 224 0
141 Fermi bn110731465 gB 18 42 00.99 -28 32 13.8           ~ 193 0
142 GRB 221009A gB 19 13 03.85 +19 46 22.7           ~ 433 0
143 Fermi bn140512814 gB 19 17 28.81 -15 05 39.5           ~ 133 0
144 GRB 090618 gB 19 36 01.80 +78 21 07.1           ~ 358 0
145 GRB 130514A gB 19 45 07.33 -07 58 41.1           ~ 82 0
146 GRB 020813A gB 19 46 41.874 -19 36 04.81           ~ 316 0
147 Fermi bn121128212 gB 20 02 23.88 +54 17 59.1           ~ 128 0
148 GRB 071003 gB 20 07 24.50 +10 56 48.8           ~ 181 0
149 GRB 181110A gB 20 09 16.32 -36 53 48.2           ~ 45 0
150 GRB 210822A gB 20 17 44.99 +05 17 00.5           ~ 49 0
151 GRB 160625B gB 20 34 23.67 +06 55 11.1           ~ 235 0
152 GRB 210905A gB 20 36 11.64 -44 26 24.3           ~ 42 0
153 GRB 161023A gB 20 44 05.20 -47 39 48.7           ~ 49 0
154 GRB 150403A gB 20 46 01.17 -62 42 40.1           ~ 116 0
155 Fermi bn160509374 gB 20 47 00.90 +76 06 30.1           ~ 141 0
156 Fermi bn120716712 gB 20 52 12.17 +09 35 53.9           ~ 72 0
157 GRB 160623A gB 21 01 11.54 +42 13 15.5           ~ 73 0
158 GRB 070419B gB 21 02 49.820 -31 15 49.30   20.35       ~ 86 0
159 Fermi bn110818860 gB 21 09 20.890 -63 58 51.80           ~ 92 0
160 GRB 050922C gB 21 09 33.000 -08 45 30.10 15.15 15.86 14.69     ~ 301 0
161 GRB 180624A gB 21 12 23.40 -02 20 17.0           ~ 36 0
162 GRB 181201A gB 21 17 11.20 -12 37 50.9           ~ 60 0
163 GRB 210619B gB 21 18 52.39 +33 51 00.2           ~ 93 0
164 GRB 161117A gB 21 28 12.59 -29 36 49.9           ~ 74 0
165 GRB 141028A gB 21 30 24.46 -00 13 55.6           ~ 109 0
166 GRB 220527A gB 21 34 06.70 +14 58 18.7           ~ 27 0
167 Fermi bn080804972 gB 21 54 41.90 -53 11 20.2           ~ 158 0
168 GRB 060927A gB 21 58 11.930 +05 21 50.32           ~ 215 0
169 GRB 060607 gB 21 58 50.400 -22 29 46.70 18.49 16.67 15.09     ~ 318 0
170 GRB 180914B gB 22 09 25.56 +25 03 47.3           ~ 47 0
171 GRB 161014A gB 22 10 35.42 +07 28 07.6           ~ 69 0
172 GRB 050820A gB 22 29 38.110 +19 33 37.10 18.33 19.00 18.47     ~ 409 0
173 GRB 151021A gB 22 30 34.43 -33 11 50.4           ~ 72 0
174 Fermi bn150821406 gB 22 47 39.15 -57 53 38.2           ~ 71 0
175 GRB 131030A gB 23 00 16.14 -05 22 05.2           ~ 126 0
176 GRB 081029 gB 23 07 06 -68 10.7           ~ 121 0
177 GRB 100606A gB 23 22 30.49 -66 14 28.6           ~ 46 0
178 GRB 090812 gB 23 32 48.5 -10 36 17           ~ 165 0
179 Fermi bn090926181 gB 23 33 36.18 -66 19 25.9           ~ 339 0
180 GRB 071025 gB 23 40 17.02 +31 46 42.4           ~ 122 0
181 GRB 130518A gB 23 42 39.79 +47 27 55.2           ~ 86 0
182 Fermi bn080810549 gB 23 47 08.00 +00 18 35.1           ~ 240 0
183 GRB 061222A gB 23 53 03.419 +46 31 58.60           ~ 177 0
184 GRB 051022A gB 23 56 04.200 +19 36 32.30           ~ 194 1
185 GRB 231215A gB ~ ~           ~ 35 0

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