2025ApJ...982..135H

Carbon-rich asymptotic giant branch (AGB) stars are among the most important contributors of enriched materials to the interstellar medium due to their strong stellar winds. To fully characterize mass loss on the AGB, it is necessary to determine the distributions of dust and gas around the stars, where the dust begins to condense from the gas, and how this extended atmospheric structure evolves over the pulsational period of the star. We present an analysis of L-band (2.8-4.2 μm) interferometric observations of the carbon-rich AGB star V Oph made with the MATISSE instrument at the Very Large Telescope Interferometer at the maximum and minimum of the star's visual light curve. Using the radiative transfer software RADMC-3D, we model the circumstellar dust shell, and find stellar radii of 395 and 495R_⊙ at the two phases, and dust radii of 790 and 742.5R_⊙ at the two epochs, respectively. By adding C₂H₂ and HCN gas to the RADMC-3D models, we are able to fit the visibility spectra well, with some deviations at the 3.11 μm feature. Reasons for this deviation and interpretation of the best fitting models are discussed in the text, and we discuss motivations for follow-up imaging observations of V Oph.