2025ApJ...983..150C


Query : 2025ApJ...983..150C

2025ApJ...983..150C - Astrophys. J., 983, 150 (2025/April-3)

Spectroscopy of Supernova Remnants and Candidates in M31.

CALDWELL N., RAYMOND J.C., LONG K.S. and LEE M.G.

Abstract (from CDS):

With a star formation rate of order 0.4 M⊙ yr–1, M31 should have a significant population of supernova remnants (SNRs) and, in fact, 156 SNRs and SNR candidates have been suggested by J. H. Lee & M. G. Lee, by searching for nebulae with elevated [S II]/Hα ratios in narrowband images. Here, we use a combination of low- and high-resolution optical spectroscopy obtained with Hectospec on the MMT to characterize 152 of these nebulae. Of these candidates, we find 93 nebulae that have [S II]/Hα ratios that exceed 0.4, the traditional ratio used to separate SNRs from H II regions, strongly suggesting that at least these objects are SNRs. Our high-resolution spectroscopy reveals 108 nebulae that have velocity widths in Hα (full width at 20% peak flux) that exceed 50 km s–1, significantly larger than found in H II regions. There are 72 objects that satisfy both tests. Here, we discuss the spectroscopic characteristics of all of the objects in our sample, and the likelihood that other objects in the sample of J. H. Lee & M. G. Lee are also SNRs, and we briefly consider confirmation by X-ray, radio, and UV observations. We also discuss several new candidates that have been identified serendipitously in the course of examining a large amount of archival Hectospec data.

Abstract Copyright: © 2025. The Author(s). Published by the American Astronomical Society.

Journal keyword(s): Supernova remnants - H II regions - Planetary nebulae - Andromeda galaxy

Status at CDS : Large table(s) will be appraised for possible ingestion in VizieR.

Simbad objects: 170

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Number of rows : 170
N Identifier Otype ICRS (J2000)
RA
ICRS (J2000)
DEC
Mag U Mag B Mag V Mag R Mag I Sp type #ref
1850 - 2026
#notes
1 SN 1572A SN* 00 25 21.5 +64 08 27           B8 1254 1
2 [LL2014] 1 SNR 00 37 37.3631 +39 51 46.001           ~ 3 0
3 BA 1-474 SNR 00 39 23.50 +40 44 19.1           ~ 14 0
4 [LL2014] 3 SNR 00 39 30.8146 +40 21 28.793           ~ 3 0
5 [LL2014] 4 SNR 00 39 44.9677 +40 29 54.121           ~ 4 0
6 [LL2014] 5 SNR 00 39 50.2386 +40 20 59.417           ~ 3 0
7 [LL2014] 6 SNR 00 39 52.60 +40 29 40.6           ~ 12 0
8 [KGF2015] HELGA 307 FIR 00 39 54.7 +40 55 36           ~ 2 0
9 [LL2014] 7 SNR 00 40 11.1910 +40 57 36.806           ~ 3 0
10 [LL2014] 8 SNR 00 40 14.1364 +40 37 15.290           ~ 4 0
11 [AMB2011] HII 585 PN 00 40 22.60 +40 29 04.9           ~ 3 0
12 [LL2014] 9 SNR 00 40 24.4924 +40 48 54.187           ~ 3 0
13 [LL2014] 10 SNR 00 40 30.41 +40 43 16.7           ~ 5 0
14 [LL2014] 11 SNR 00 40 31.9231 +40 32 49.974           ~ 3 0
15 [LL2014] 12 SNR 00 40 32.0931 +40 30 31.489           ~ 4 0
16 [LL2014] 13 SNR 00 40 33.4444 +40 43 36.052           ~ 5 0
17 [LL2014] 14 SNR 00 40 33.6651 +40 32 47.130           ~ 5 0
18 [LL2014] 15 SNR 00 40 36.1931 +40 49 09.966           ~ 4 0
19 [LL2014] 16 SNR 00 40 39.6545 +40 34 48.637           ~ 6 0
20 [LL2014] 17 SNR 00 40 40.6272 +40 48 42.350           ~ 3 0
21 BA 1-449 SNR 00 40 47.20 +40 55 24.9           ~ 18 1
22 [LL2014] 19 SNR 00 40 47.3499 +40 31 45.127           ~ 3 0
23 [LL2014] 20 SNR 00 41 02.9526 +41 04 28.560           ~ 3 0
24 [LL2014] 21 SNR 00 41 03.9603 +40 47 02.224           ~ 4 0
25 [LL2014] 22 SNR 00 41 06.19 +40 52 08.8           ~ 5 0
26 [LL2014] 23 SNR 00 41 06.5277 +40 39 03.769           ~ 3 0
27 [LL2014] 24 SNR 00 41 10.8623 +40 49 54.034           ~ 4 0
28 [LL2014] 25 SNR 00 41 11.0566 +41 05 59.762           ~ 3 0
29 [LL2014] 26 SNR 00 41 11.1454 +41 07 21.677           ~ 3 0
30 [LL2014] 27 SNR 00 41 11.5448 +40 48 14.292           ~ 3 0
31 [LL2014] 28 SNR 00 41 11.9994 +41 06 32.170           ~ 3 0
32 [LL2014] 29 SNR 00 41 18.1201 +40 49 10.474           ~ 3 0
33 [LL2014] 30 SNR 00 41 20.0423 +41 18 06.163           ~ 3 0
34 [LL2014] 31 SNR 00 41 30.9391 +41 05 18.287           ~ 3 0
35 [LL2014] 32 SNR 00 41 34.0215 +41 14 52.199           ~ 4 0
36 [LL2014] 33 SNR 00 41 35.1615 +41 20 24.248           ~ 3 0
37 BA 1-416 SNR 00 41 35.65 +41 06 56.8           ~ 27 0
38 [LL2014] 35 SNR 00 41 40.8902 +40 38 21.469           ~ 3 0
39 [LL2014] 36 SNR 00 41 53.3764 +41 27 13.640           ~ 3 0
40 [LL2014] 37 SNR 00 42 10.2894 +40 51 48.924           ~ 4 0
41 [LL2014] 38 SNR 00 42 12.0760 +40 47 29.000           ~ 3 0
42 [LL2014] 39 SNR 00 42 14.8251 +40 52 03.058           ~ 4 0
43 [LL2014] 40 SNR 00 42 20.2123 +41 27 54.893           ~ 5 0
44 [AMB2011] HII 1607 HII 00 42 20.40 +41 26 40.9           ~ 2 0
45 [WB92a] 26 EmO 00 42 20.441 +41 26 40.56           ~ 4 0
46 [LL2014] 41 SNR 00 42 24.4116 +41 17 29.317           ~ 4 0
47 [LL2014] 42 SNR 00 42 25.4489 +40 52 24.575           ~ 4 0
48 [LL2014] 43 SNR 00 42 25.7382 +41 17 48.862           ~ 4 0
49 [PAV78] 476 SNR 00 42 27.312 +41 29 31.12           ~ 5 0
50 [LL2014] 45 SNR 00 42 31.61 +41 06 04.7           ~ 5 0
51 M 31 AGN 00 42 44.330 +41 16 07.50 4.86 4.36 3.44     ~ 13622 1
52 [LL2014] 46 SNR 00 42 44.6995 +40 54 35.683           ~ 4 0
53 [LL2014] 47 SNR 00 42 47.1998 +41 01 20.366           ~ 4 0
54 [LL2014] 48 SNR 00 42 49.1924 +41 24 04.975           ~ 3 0
55 [LL2014] 49 SNR 00 42 49.750 +41 33 53.57           ~ 7 0
56 BA 1-521 SNR 00 42 53.70 +41 25 51.3     21.29     ~ 27 1
57 [LL2014] 51 SNR 00 42 55.3954 +40 59 45.881           ~ 6 0
58 [LL2014] 52 SNR 00 42 55.8213 +41 26 24.598           ~ 4 0
59 [WB92a] 69 SNR 00 42 56.701 +41 34 58.68           ~ 6 0
60 [WB92a] 86 SNR 00 43 03.775 +41 36 15.42           ~ 9 0
61 [LL2014] 55 SNR 00 43 03.8489 +41 04 57.688           ~ 3 0
62 [LL2014] 56 SNR 00 43 06.5973 +41 38 58.261           ~ 3 0
63 [LL2014] 57 SNR 00 43 08.2418 +41 06 04.169           ~ 3 0
64 [LL2014] 58 SNR 00 43 08.6607 +41 05 06.421           ~ 3 0
65 [LL2014] 59 SNR 00 43 08.7886 +41 03 06.588           ~ 4 0
66 [LL2014] 60 SNR 00 43 10.9843 +41 37 38.323           ~ 5 0
67 [LL2014] 61 SNR 00 43 11.1873 +41 29 09.751           ~ 4 0
68 [LL2014] 62 SNR 00 43 14.5573 +40 54 32.731           ~ 4 0
69 [LL2014] 63 SNR 00 43 19.5039 +41 03 01.523           ~ 4 0
70 [LL2014] 64 SNR 00 43 22.7266 +41 06 35.438           ~ 4 0
71 [WB92a] 124 SNR 00 43 22.991 +41 05 53.17           ~ 5 0
72 [LL2014] 66 SNR 00 43 27.9066 +41 18 30.539           ~ 4 0
73 [LL2014] 67 SNR 00 43 29.3159 +41 19 04.199           ~ 5 0
74 [LL2014] 68 SNR 00 43 35.4206 +41 14 08.200           ~ 4 0
75 [WB92a] 166 SNR 00 43 38.101 +41 44 11.83           ~ 5 0
76 BA 1-55 PN 00 43 39.20 +41 26 52.9     20.35     ~ 35 1
77 [WB92a] 180 SNR 00 43 40.461 +41 10 53.20           ~ 8 0
78 [WB92a] 186 SNR 00 43 42.314 +41 45 51.24           ~ 6 0
79 [LL2014] 73 SNR 00 43 45.3305 +41 26 47.065           ~ 5 0
80 [LL2014] 74 SNR 00 43 45.8610 +41 44 33.770           ~ 4 0
81 [LL2014] 75 SNR 00 43 47.3694 +41 12 52.834           ~ 4 0
82 RX J0043.8+4111 SNR 00 43 53.525 +41 12 03.13           ~ 14 0
83 [LL2014] 77 SNR 00 43 53.8644 +41 41 16.868           ~ 5 0
84 2MASS J00435554+4152581 SNR 00 43 55.5352855560 +41 52 58.211076108           ~ 11 0
85 [LL2014] 79 SNR 00 43 55.872 +41 47 07.44           ~ 7 0
86 BA 1-22 SNR 00 43 58.274 +41 13 27.94           ~ 25 0
87 [WB92a] 257 SNR 00 43 59.495 +41 48 21.19           ~ 5 0
88 [LL2014] 82 SNR 00 44 01.10 +41 21 05.5     22.33     ~ 12 0
89 [LL2014] 83 SNR 00 44 04.6198 +41 48 50.972           ~ 3 0
90 BA 1-83 SNR 00 44 05.0933 +41 27 18.857           ~ 7 0
91 [WB92a] 288 SNR 00 44 05.510 +41 20 12.26           ~ 7 0
92 [LL2014] 86 SNR 00 44 13.100 +41 50 28.21           ~ 7 0
93 RX J0044.2+4119 SNR 00 44 13.395 +41 19 54.32           ~ 13 0
94 [LL2014] 88 SNR 00 44 16.8148 +41 51 41.947           ~ 4 0
95 [LL2014] 89 SNR 00 44 20.0276 +41 18 04.295           ~ 5 0
96 [WB92a] 376 SNR 00 44 20.407 +41 34 49.58           ~ 8 0
97 [WB92a] 393 SNR 00 44 22.969 +41 18 29.17           ~ 7 0
98 [LL2014] 92 SNR 00 44 25.797 +41 24 48.91           ~ 8 0
99 [LL2014] 93 SNR 00 44 26.4294 +41 48 59.476           ~ 6 0
100 [WB92a] 425 SNR 00 44 28.157 +41 18 12.74           ~ 9 0
101 [LL2014] 95 SNR 00 44 29.5676 +41 52 44.105           ~ 6 0
102 [LL2014] 96 SNR 00 44 32.1915 +41 23 35.930           ~ 6 0
103 [LL2014] 97 SNR 00 44 35.8587 +41 25 25.302           ~ 4 0
104 [LL2014] 98 SNR 00 44 36.6165 +41 25 05.552           ~ 6 0
105 [JWM2012] BW-66 SNR 00 44 37.2 +41 52 00           ~ 2 0
106 [LL2014] 100 SNR 00 44 38.8245 +41 25 26.810           ~ 6 0
107 [WB92a] 526A SNR 00 44 41.3052 +41 27 55.058           ~ 8 0
108 [LL2014] 102 SNR 00 44 43.2202 +41 26 50.734           ~ 3 0
109 [LL2014] 103 HII 00 44 43.5601 +41 26 15.702           ~ 8 0
110 [LL2014] 104 SNR 00 44 43.7622 +41 57 52.805           ~ 5 0
111 [LL2014] 105 HII 00 44 46.00 +41 52 58.9     23.50     ~ 7 0
112 USNO-B1.0 1314-00013705 SNR 00 44 47.166 +41 29 20.03           ~ 13 0
113 [WB92a] 567 SNR 00 44 49.525 +41 53 05.57           ~ 11 0
114 [WB92a] 574 SNR 00 44 50.409 +41 27 53.77           ~ 10 0
115 [LL2014] 109 SNR 00 44 50.5586 +41 54 22.925           ~ 4 0
116 [LL2014] 110 SNR 00 44 50.8584 +41 32 12.206           ~ 6 0
117 2MASS J00445095+4129058 SNR 00 44 50.950 +41 29 05.86           ~ 17 0
118 USNO-B1.0 1319-00013971 SNR 00 44 52.815 +41 54 58.03           ~ 13 0
119 [LL2014] 113 SNR 00 44 54.4572 +41 31 52.320           ~ 6 0
120 [LL2014] 114 SNR 00 44 55.6435 +41 56 55.774           ~ 4 0
121 [LL2014] 115 SNR 00 45 00.2563 +41 28 25.352           ~ 4 0
122 [LL2014] 116 SNR 00 45 01.61 +41 59 29.8           ~ 6 0
123 [LL2014] 117 SNR 00 45 05.031 +41 38 51.70           ~ 9 0
124 [LL2014] 118 SNR 00 45 07.354 +41 35 44.17           ~ 8 0
125 [PAV78] 694 SNR 00 45 07.880 +41 32 23.26           ~ 7 0
126 [LL2014] 120 SNR 00 45 09.6490 +41 51 09.716           ~ 4 0
127 [LL2014] 121 SNR 00 45 10.9152 +41 40 05.225           ~ 5 0
128 [LL2014] 122 SNR 00 45 12.1330 +41 50 17.506           ~ 6 0
129 [LL2014] 123 SNR 00 45 13.8437 +41 35 48.005           ~ 5 0
130 BA 1-160 SNR 00 45 14.00 +41 36 14.1     21.42     ~ 32 0
131 [LL2014] 125 SNR 00 45 15.2296 +41 34 24.618           ~ 6 0
132 [LL2014] 126 SNR 00 45 17.3 +41 47 24           ~ 5 0
133 [PAV78] 855 SNR 00 45 18.779 +41 54 32.99           ~ 6 0
134 [LL2014] 128 SNR 00 45 21.9914 +41 39 56.268           ~ 4 0
135 [LL2014] 129 SNR 00 45 24.69 +41 43 38.6           ~ 7 0
136 [LL2014] 130 SNR 00 45 25.2397 +41 41 04.290           ~ 5 0
137 USNO-B1.0 1317-00015312 SNR 00 45 25.899 +41 43 21.08           ~ 11 0
138 [WB92a] 774 SNR 00 45 26.551 +41 42 52.81           ~ 9 0
139 [PAV78] 851 SNR 00 45 27.6 +41 52 19           ~ 5 0
140 [LL2014] 133 SNR 00 45 27.659 +41 43 02.83           ~ 10 0
141 BA 1-187 SNR 00 45 27.853 +41 46 25.74           ~ 9 0
142 [LL2014] 136 SNR 00 45 28.7736 +41 46 31.350           ~ 5 0
143 [LL2014] 137 SNR 00 45 29.820 +41 47 33.69           ~ 7 0
144 [LL2014] 138 SNR 00 45 31.9270 +41 48 05.972           ~ 5 0
145 [LL2014] 139 SNR 00 45 35.5261 +41 58 08.202           ~ 6 0
146 [LL2014] 140 SNR 00 45 36.0516 +41 54 06.980           ~ 4 0
147 [LL2014] 141 SNR 00 45 36.3963 +41 47 57.156           ~ 5 0
148 [LL2014] 142 SNR 00 45 37.8960 +41 50 21.034           ~ 5 0
149 [LL2014] 143 SNR 00 45 39.4112 +41 47 12.797           ~ 5 0
150 [LL2014] 144 SNR 00 45 43.6043 +41 55 51.092           ~ 4 0
151 [LL2014] 145 bub 00 45 56.651 +42 11 13.56           ~ 10 0
152 [LL2014] 146 SNR 00 46 04.1130 +41 50 12.095           ~ 5 0
153 [LL2014] 147 SNR 00 46 20.1 +41 53 04           ~ 7 0
154 [LL2014] 148 SNR 00 46 29.553 +41 58 06.63           ~ 10 0
155 BA 1-228 SNR 00 46 32.2920922344 +41 59 43.841736744     23.49     ~ 11 0
156 [LL2014] 150 SNR 00 46 33.684 +42 10 57.03           ~ 8 0
157 BA 1-679 SNR 00 46 35.206 +42 13 35.65           ~ 10 0
158 [LL2014] 154 SNR 00 46 39.0763 +42 07 17.364           ~ 4 0
159 [WB92a] 947 SNR 00 46 40.523 +42 11 28.04           ~ 9 0
160 M 33 GiG 01 33 50.8965749232 +30 39 36.630403128 6.17 6.27 5.72     ~ 6226 1
161 NAME Magellanic Clouds GrG 03 00 -71.0           ~ 7988 0
162 NAME LMC G 05 23 34.6 -69 45 22     0.4     ~ 19090 0
163 MCSNR J0525-6938 SNR 05 25 02.3 -69 38 39           ~ 446 1
164 M 1 SNR 05 34 31.8 +22 01 03           ~ 6516 1
165 PSR B0540-69 Psr 05 40 11.2000490438 -69 19 54.198559829           ~ 976 3
166 M 83 SBG 13 37 00.91920 -29 51 56.7400 8.85 8.11 7.52 7.21   ~ 2778 2
167 NAME Lupus SN SNR 15 02 22.1 -42 05 49           ~ 1407 1
168 NGC 6822 G 19 44 56.199 -14 47 51.29   18 8.1     ~ 1661 0
169 NAME Cas A SNR 23 23 26.0 +58 48 41     14.30     ~ 3033 1
170 NAME Local Group GrG ~ ~           ~ 9325 0

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