2025ApJ...985...41Z


Query : 2025ApJ...985...41Z

2025ApJ...985...41Z - Astrophys. J., 985, 41 (2025/May-3)

Accessing a New Population of Supermassive Black Holes with Extensions to the Event Horizon Telescope.

ZHANG X.A., RICARTE A., PESCE D.W., JOHNSON M.D., NAGAR N., NARAYAN R., RAMAKRISHNAN V., DOELEMAN S. and PALUMBO D.C.M.

Abstract (from CDS):

The Event Horizon Telescope (EHT) has produced resolved images of the supermassive black holes (SMBHs) Sgr A* and M87*, which present the largest shadows on the sky. In the next decade, technological improvements and extensions to the array will enable access to a greater number of sources, unlocking studies of a larger population of SMBHs through direct imaging. In this paper, we identify 12 of the most promising sources beyond Sgr A* and M87* based on their angular size and millimeter flux density. For each of these sources, we make theoretical predictions for their observable properties by ray tracing general relativistic magnetohydrodynamic models appropriately scaled to each target's mass, distance, and flux density. We predict that these sources would have somewhat higher Eddington ratios than M87*, which may result in larger optical and Faraday depths than previous EHT targets. Despite this, we find that visibility amplitude size constraints can plausibly recover masses within a factor of 2, although the unknown jet contribution remains a significant uncertainty. We find that the linearly polarized structure evolves substantially with the Eddington ratio, with greater evolution at larger inclinations, complicating potential spin inferences for inclined sources. We discuss the importance of 345 GHz observations, milli-Jansky baseline sensitivity, and independent inclination constraints for future observations with upgrades to the EHT through ground updates with the next-generation EHT program and extensions to space through the black hole Explorer.

Abstract Copyright: © 2025. The Author(s). Published by the American Astronomical Society.

Journal keyword(s): Accretion - Black hole physics - Supermassive black holes - Magnetohydrodynamics - Interferometry - Very long baseline interferometry - Polarimetry - Relativistic disks

Simbad objects: 17

goto Full paper

goto View the references in ADS

Number of rows : 17
N Identifier Otype ICRS (J2000)
RA
ICRS (J2000)
DEC
Mag U Mag B Mag V Mag R Mag I Sp type #ref
1850 - 2026
#notes
1 NGC 315 LIN 00 57 48.88334410 +30 21 08.8119345 12.80 12.20 11.16 11.26   ~ 869 2
2 NGC 1218 Sy1 03 08 26.22380005 +04 06 39.3007808   12.84       ~ 413 0
3 NGC 2663 rG 08 45 08.14444454 -33 47 41.0643347   11.85 12.33 9.75   ~ 111 1
4 NGC 3894 Bla 11 48 50.35817663 +59 24 56.3822416   12.9   11.57   ~ 268 1
5 NGC 3998 Sy2 11 57 56.1334044408 +55 27 12.922443432   11.64 12.10 10.09   ~ 682 2
6 NGC 4261 LIN 12 19 23.2160630 +05 49 29.700024   13.92 12.87     ~ 1290 0
7 M 84 Sy2 12 25 03.74333 +12 53 13.1393 12.67 12.09 10.49     ~ 1841 2
8 NAME Virgo Cluster ClG 12 30 47.8 +12 23 07           ~ 7107 0
9 M 87 AGN 12 30 49.42338414 +12 23 28.0436859 10.16 9.59 8.63   7.49 ~ 7815 3
10 NAME Ursa Major Moving Group MGr 12 32 +57.0           ~ 467 1
11 M 89 Sy2 12 35 39.80733343 +12 33 22.8308657 11.29 10.73 9.75     ~ 1037 2
12 M 104 LIN 12 39 59.43185902 -11 37 22.9961800 9.51 9.55 8.00 8.05   ~ 1465 2
13 NGC 5077 rG 13 19 31.66962921 -12 39 25.0765176   13.87 12.85 11.30   ~ 312 1
14 ACO 2052 ClG 15 16 41.64 +07 01 45.5           ~ 756 1
15 Z 49-90 Sy2 15 16 44.4893939136 +07 01 17.825410740   15.19 14.17     ~ 463 4
16 NAME Sgr A* X 17 45 40.03599 -29 00 28.1699           ~ 4970 3
17 IC 1459 rG 22 57 10.60682195 -36 27 43.9966421   10.96 11.85 9.34 10.3 ~ 652 2

To bookmark this query, right click on this link: simbad:objects in 2025ApJ...985...41Z and select 'bookmark this link' or equivalent in the popup menu