2025ApJ...988...29H

Query : 2025ApJ...988...29H

2025ApJ...988...29H - Astrophys. J., 988, 29 (2025/July-3)

Counting the Unseen. II. Tidal Disruption Event Rates in Nearby Galaxies with REPTiDE.

HANNAH C.H., STONE N.C., SETH A.C. and VAN VELZEN S.

Abstract (from CDS):

Tidal disruption events (TDEs) are a class of transients that occur when a star is destroyed by the tides of a massive black hole (MBH). Their rates encode valuable MBH demographic information, but this can only be extracted if accurate TDE rate predictions are available for comparisons with observed rates. In this work, we present a new, observer-friendly Python package called REPTiDE, which implements a standard loss-cone model for computing TDE rates given a stellar density distribution and an MBH mass. We apply this software to a representative sample of 91 nearby galaxies over a wide range of stellar masses with high-resolution nuclear density measurements from C. H. Hannah et al. We measure per-galaxy TDE rates ranging between 10–7.7 and 10–2.9 yr–1 and find that the sample-averaged rates agree well with observations. We find a turnover in the TDE rate as a function of both galaxy stellar mass and black hole mass, with the peak rates being observed in galaxies at a galaxy mass of 109.5M⊙ and a black hole mass of 106.5M⊙. Despite the lower TDE rates inferred for intermediate-mass black holes, we find that they have gained a higher fraction of their mass through TDEs when compared to higher-mass black holes. This growth of lower-mass black holes through TDEs can enable us to place interesting constraints on their spins; we find maximum spins of a• ≈ 0.9 for black holes with masses below ∼105.5M⊙.

Abstract Copyright: © 2025. The Author(s). Published by the American Astronomical Society.

Journal keyword(s): Tidal disruption - Stellar dynamics - Galaxy nuclei - Black holes - Star clusters - Intermediate-mass black holes - Supermassive black holes

Simbad objects: 91

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Number of rows : 91
N Identifier Otype ICRS (J2000)
RA 		ICRS (J2000)
DEC 		Mag U Mag B Mag V Mag R Mag I Sp type #ref
1850 - 2026 		#notes
1 [KK2000] 3 GrG 00 36 42 -27 49.0           ~ 10 0
2 NGC 584 Sy2 01 31 20.7231919800 -06 52 04.770287472 11.93 11.44 10.48     ~ 417 2
3 NGC 596 GiG 01 32 51.9046959816 -07 01 53.646821220   11.5       ~ 247 0
4 NGC 821 AG? 02 08 21.1358498040 +10 59 41.832436704   12.210 11.310 10.739 9.744 ~ 592 0
5 NGC 1374 EmG 03 35 16.5885737352 -35 13 34.563417168 12.46 11.97 11.08 10.59   ~ 322 1
6 NGC 1399 rG 03 38 29.083 -35 27 02.67 11.05 9.74 9.59 8.12   ~ 1636 1
7 NGC 1427 GiG 03 42 19.4455150392 -35 23 33.169251120   11.89   10.44   ~ 298 0
8 NGC 1439 GiG 03 44 49.9398454104 -21 55 14.341002960   12.23   10.86   ~ 179 0
9 NGC 2300 AG? 07 32 20.486 +85 42 31.90   12.2       ~ 346 0
10 NGC 2434 EmG 07 34 51.1504542360 -69 17 02.996020032 12.82 12.50 11.26 10.84   ~ 192 1
11 NGC 2778 GiP 09 12 24.3741783168 +35 01 39.140496840   13.1       ~ 303 0
12 NGC 2787 LIN 09 19 18.6046606656 +69 12 11.630716128   12.92 11.79     ~ 381 0
13 NGC 2903 AGN 09 32 10.111 +21 30 02.99 10.44 9.75 9.07 8.68   ~ 1204 3
14 NGC 3115B GiG 10 05 41.5916660712 -07 58 53.587291224   14.32 13.45     ~ 96 1
15 NGC 3274 EmG 10 32 17.2253817864 +27 40 07.165226244   13.30   12.77   ~ 261 0
16 SMDG J1042343+120903 LSB 10 42 34.3 +12 09 03     16.5   16.1 ~ 19 0
17 Z 184-6 AG? 10 42 42.787 +34 26 57.39   13.31 13.09 12.84 12.85 ~ 173 0
18 NGC 3344 EmG 10 43 31.150 +24 55 19.99 10.38 10.54 9.86 9.71   ~ 434 1
19 M 105 LIN 10 47 49.600 +12 34 53.87   10.56 9.76 9.12 8.18 ~ 1504 0
20 NGC 3384 GiG 10 48 16.8855574392 +12 37 45.371165844   10.0       ~ 617 1
21 LEDA 166107 LSB 10 50 27.2 +12 21 35     16.5   16.0 ~ 23 0
22 NGC 3412 GiG 10 50 53.2803559464 +13 24 43.721664876 11.84 11.45 10.54     ~ 248 1
23 NGC 3522 GiG 11 06 40.4644062552 +20 05 07.900946304   14.13       ~ 116 1
24 NGC 3585 GiG 11 13 17.109 -26 45 17.96   10.64   9.22   ~ 304 0
25 NGC 3607 Sy2 11 16 54.65687 +18 03 06.5120   13.84 12.76     ~ 490 1
26 NGC 3608 LIN 11 16 58.967 +18 08 54.71   11.7       ~ 527 0
27 NGC 3610 GiG 11 18 25.2827189856 +58 47 10.433735988   11.4       ~ 327 0
28 NGC 3640 GiG 11 21 06.852 +03 14 05.15 11.89 11.36 10.44     ~ 291 3
29 NGC 3945 GiG 11 53 13.6081388304 +60 40 32.125024704   11.6       ~ 265 0
30 LEDA 2832100 GiC 11 58 44.097 +27 35 06.03           ~ 27 0
31 NGC 4026 GiP 11 59 25.0914676128 +50 57 41.951225700   12.17       ~ 290 0
32 LEDA 4310323 AG? 12 05 31.045 +31 04 34.15           ~ 12 0
33 Z 315-26 AG? 12 14 08.40 +66 05 41.0   14.60       ~ 89 1
34 NAME LV J1217+4703 LSB 12 17 08.4 +47 03 50     18.2   17.8 ~ 16 0
35 NGC 4242 GiG 12 17 30.1835103480 +45 37 09.508940220   11.37 10.83     ~ 285 1
36 NGC 4262 GiG 12 19 30.5694336288 +14 52 39.517143276 13.00 12.49 11.55     ~ 378 1
37 NGC 4291 GiG 12 20 17.699 +75 22 15.47   17.0       ~ 321 1
38 NGC 4342 GiP 12 23 39.0032044488 +07 03 14.359499100   13.0       ~ 337 0
39 NGC 4365 GiG 12 24 28.228 +07 19 03.07   11.5       ~ 871 0
40 NGC 4377 GiG 12 25 12.3315185232 +14 45 43.811084016   12.5       ~ 239 0
41 NGC 4379 GiG 12 25 14.7458757864 +15 36 26.755074576 13.05 12.63 11.72     ~ 239 1
42 M 85 GiP 12 25 24.053 +18 11 27.89   10.2       ~ 678 0
43 NGC 4387 GiG 12 25 41.6768484264 +12 48 37.804615956 13.42 13.01 12.12   10.87 ~ 409 1
44 NGC 4434 GiG 12 27 36.6771662112 +08 09 15.640206876   13.2       ~ 275 0
45 NGC 4458 GiP 12 28 57.5613938232 +13 14 30.946545276 13.27 12.93 12.07     ~ 429 2
46 NGC 4464 GiG 12 29 21.2937802368 +08 09 23.807609316   13.5       ~ 242 0
47 NGC 4467 GiG 12 29 30.2447376768 +07 59 34.273371336   15.2       ~ 187 0
48 LEDA 41180 AG? 12 29 34.9891966080 +08 03 28.781563608           ~ 91 0
49 M 49 Sy2 12 29 46.8 +08 00 01   13.21 12.17     ~ 2174 2
50 NGC 4473 GiG 12 29 48.878 +13 25 45.55 11.60 11.16 10.20     ~ 671 1
51 NGC 4474 GiG 12 29 53.5396737408 +14 04 06.881708604   12.6       ~ 278 0
52 NGC 4478 GiP 12 30 17.4160005576 +12 19 42.790577160 12.82 12.36 11.45   10.17 ~ 508 1
53 NGC 4486B GiG 12 30 31.985 +12 29 24.85   14.5       ~ 428 0
54 NGC 4483 GiG 12 30 40.6442816856 +09 00 56.391019596   13.4       ~ 179 0
55 NGC 4489 GiG 12 30 52.2472748976 +16 45 31.866359004   13.2       ~ 264 0
56 NGC 4494 GiP 12 31 24.0391348536 +25 46 30.071664120   10.55 9.74     ~ 491 0
57 IC 798 GiG 12 32 33.4026417888 +15 24 55.432700280   15.3       ~ 108 0
58 NGC 4437 AGN 12 32 45.586 +00 06 54.14   11.1   11.1 10.6 ~ 307 0
59 NGC 4528 GiG 12 34 06.0685723920 +11 19 16.528093428 13.39 12.97 12.06     ~ 201 1
60 IC 3509 GiG 12 34 11.5324571232 +12 02 56.163023196   15.3       ~ 125 0
61 2MASX J12353723+1222554 GiP 12 35 37.2512550384 +12 22 55.234598772   15.41       ~ 103 0
62 NGC 4551 GiP 12 35 37.9542692328 +12 15 50.284593432 13.49 12.97 12.02     ~ 371 1
63 M 89 Sy2 12 35 39.80733343 +12 33 22.8308657 11.29 10.73 9.75     ~ 1037 2
64 NGC 4589 LIN 12 37 24.9947272593 +74 11 30.861224110   12.0       ~ 300 1
65 NGC 4592 EmG 12 39 18.7543040040 -00 31 55.529665824   12.4   12.3 12.1 ~ 159 0
66 NGC 4605 GiG 12 39 59.2837284936 +61 36 32.822365392   10.94   10.35   ~ 347 2
67 NGC 4600 GiG 12 40 22.9627113552 +03 07 03.939347640           ~ 97 1
68 NGC 4612 GiG 12 41 32.7539216616 +07 18 53.535354804   11.90       ~ 228 1
69 NGC 4623 GiG 12 42 10.6913697096 +07 40 37.130799216   13.24       ~ 210 1
70 NGC 4638 GiP 12 42 47.4239240016 +11 26 32.970950556   12.2 11.23     ~ 295 1
71 M 60 GiC 12 43 39.9708251934 +11 33 09.688174067   10.3       ~ 1395 1
72 NGC 4660 GiP 12 44 31.9814021280 +11 11 25.739106972   12.1       ~ 434 0
73 NGC 4733 GiP 12 51 06.7716245736 +10 54 43.486587972   13.2       ~ 152 0
74 NGC 5011C GiC 13 13 11.88 -43 15 55.7   14.25       ~ 38 1
75 M 63 LIN 13 15 49.2741893928 +42 01 45.728076108   9.34 8.59 8.35   ~ 1292 2
76 NGC 5068 AG? 13 18 54.807 -21 02 20.76 11.24 10.53 10.01 9.78 10.1 ~ 354 0
77 NGC 5195 GiG 13 29 59.590 +47 15 58.06 10.76 10.45 9.55 9.31   ~ 816 3
78 NGC 5238 GiP 13 34 42.5146948080 +51 36 49.168365696   14.2       ~ 143 0
79 M 83 SBG 13 37 00.91920 -29 51 56.7400 8.85 8.11 7.52 7.21   ~ 2778 2
80 M 101 GiP 14 03 12.583 +54 20 55.50   8.46 7.86 7.76   ~ 3138 2
81 NGC 5557 GiG 14 18 25.708 +36 29 37.28   12.2       ~ 237 0
82 NGC 5576 GiP 14 21 03.691 +03 16 15.78 12.25 11.85 10.96     ~ 347 1
83 NGC 5813 LIN 15 01 11.2302420864 +01 42 07.141569696 12.00 11.45 10.46 10.06   ~ 673 2
84 [KK2000] 53 GrG 15 02 02 -37 58.2           ~ 6 0
85 ESO 274-1 G 15 14 13.429 -46 48 33.12   12.00   10.97 11.3 ~ 118 0
86 NGC 5982 LIN 15 38 39.778 +59 21 21.21   12.4       ~ 302 0
87 NGC 6503 LIN 17 49 26.4207792072 +70 08 39.604132176 11.56 10.95 10.28 9.92   ~ 551 1
88 IC 5052 G 20 52 01.633 -69 11 35.93 12.83 12.20 11.66 11.40   ~ 169 0
89 NGC 7457 AG? 23 00 59.9263288440 +30 08 41.764398792   11.04 11.87     ~ 459 0
90 NGC 7713 EmG 23 36 15.154 -37 56 22.18   11.63   11.09 11.6 ~ 151 1
91 NGC 7727 EmG 23 39 53.870 -12 17 34.84   11   10.55   ~ 183 0

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