2025ApJ...988..271A

In the standard picture of cosmology, the galaxies reside in dark matter (DM) halos. DM halos are distributed in the cosmic web in different environments. The luminosity of the galaxies in different environments can be used as a probe to assess a cosmological model. This study focuses on the properties of galaxies in void regions, where halos typically do not experience extreme conditions. By examining the galaxy luminosity function, we aim to understand the dependence of galaxy properties on their environment and redshift so that later, we can use this as a tool to evaluate cosmological models. We employ the excursion set theory to incorporate parameters related to the number density of DM halos into the luminosity function. Using the Galaxy and Mass Assembly survey and 2dFGRS data sets, we fit our theoretical models to observational data, examining the environmental and redshift dependence of the galaxy luminosity function. Our results indicate that we model the galaxy luminosity function in voids effectively by considering the linear density contrast of the environment and the growth function D(z) for redshift dependence. This study provides a model for the environmental dependence of galaxy luminosity function that offers an improvement in the χ² parameter compared to the previously proposed model in T. McNaught-Roberts et al. Both Bayesian information criterion (BIC) and Akaike information criterion (AIC) tests support the superiority of this model for the void region.