2025ApJ...989...22L

Query : 2025ApJ...989...22L

2025ApJ...989...22L - Astrophys. J., 989, 22 (2025/August-2)

The Evolution of Substructure during Star Cluster Assembly.

LAVERDE-VILLARREAL E., SILLS A., COURNOYER-CLOUTIER C. and ARIAS CALLEJAS V.

Abstract (from CDS):

Star cluster formation and assembly occur inside filamentary and turbulent molecular clouds, which imprint both spatial and kinematic substructure on the young cluster. In this paper, we quantify the amount and evolution of this substructure in simulations of star cluster formation that include radiation magnetohydrodynamical evolution of the gas, coupled with detailed stellar dynamics, binary formation and evolution, and stellar feedback. We find that both spatial and kinematic substructure are present at early times. Both are erased as the cluster assembles through the formation of new stars as well as the merger of subclusters. Spatial substructure is erased over a timescale of approximately 2.5 times the initial freefall time of the cloud. Kinematic substructure persists for longer and is still present to the end of our simulations. We also explored our simulations for evidence of early dynamical mass segregation and concluded that the presence of a population of binary stars can accelerate and enhance the mass segregation process.

Journal keyword(s): Young massive clusters - Young star clusters - Star clusters - Star forming regions - Star formation

Simbad objects: 1

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Number of rows : 1

N	Identifier	Otype	ICRS (J2000) RA	ICRS (J2000) DEC	Mag U	Mag B	Mag V	Mag R	Mag I	Sp type	#ref 1850 - 2026	#notes
1	Cl Westerlund 1	OpC	16 47 02.4	-45 51 07						~	655	1

Query : 2025ApJ...989...22L

Basic data :

Cl Westerlund 1 -- Open Cluster
Other object types:	`Cl* (2020A&A,C,...)`, `OpC (2013A&A)`, `Cl? (2013A&A)`, `G (ESO)`, `IR (IRAS)`
ICRS coord. (ep=J2000) :	`16 47 02.4 -45 51 07 (Optical) [ ] E 2021A&A...647A..19T`
FK4 coord. (ep=B1950 eq=1950) :	`16 43 23.5 -45 45 45 [ ]`
Gal coord. (ep=J2000) :	`339.5459 -00.4010 [ ]`
Proper motions mas/yr :	`-2.325 -3.654 [0.031 0.025 90] C` `2020A&A...633A..99C`
Radial velocity / Redshift / cz :	`V(km/s) -20.36 [6.18] / z(spectroscopic) -0.000068 [0.000021] / cz -20.36 [6.18] (Opt) D 2021A&A...647A..19T`
Parallaxes (mas):	`0.252 [0.011] C` `2020A&A...633A..99C`
Angular size (arcmin):	`3.00 3.00 90 (~) D` `2013A&A...560A..76M`

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`NAME Ara Cluster`	`Cl Westerlund 1`	`IRAS 16434-4545`	`Villafranca O-033`
`C 1644-457`	`ESO 277-12`	`TeV J1647-458`	`[KPS2012] MWSC 2461`

References (655 between 1850 and 2026) (Total 655)
Simbad bibliographic survey began in 1850 for stars (at least bright stars) and in 1983 for all other objects (outside the solar system).

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Archive data at HEASARC - High-Energy Astrophysics Science Archive Research Center

Data at NED - NASA/IPAC Extragalactic Database : Cl Westerlund 1

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IRAS 16434-4545

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