2025ApJ...989...58H

Query : 2025ApJ...989...58H

2025ApJ...989...58H - Astrophys. J., 989, 58 (2025/August-2)

Identifying Dwarfs of MC Analog GalaxiEs (ID-MAGE): The Search for Satellites around Low-mass Hosts.

HUNTER L.C., MUTLU-PAKDIL B., SAND D.J., BENNET P., KHIM D.J., CRNOJEVIC D., DOLIVA-DOLINSKY A., DURODOLA E., FIELDER C., GOEBEL-BAIN R., JONES M.G., KARUNAKARAN A., SPEKKENS K. and ZARITSKY D.

Abstract (from CDS):

We present results from Identifying Dwarfs of MC Analog GalaxiEs (ID-MAGE), a survey aimed at identifying and characterizing unresolved satellite galaxies around 35 nearby LMC- and SMC-mass hosts (D = 4-10 Mpc). We use archival DESI Legacy Survey imaging data and perform an extensive search for dwarf satellites, extending out to a radius of 150 kpc (∼Rvir). We identify 355 candidate satellite galaxies, including 264 new discoveries. Extensive tests with injected galaxies demonstrate that the survey is complete down to MV ∼ -9.0 (assuming the distance of the host) and μ0,V ∼ 26 mag arcsec–2 (assuming an n = 1 Sérsic profile). We perform consistent photometry, via Sérsic profile fitting, on all candidates and have initiated a comprehensive follow-up campaign to confirm and characterize candidates. Through a systematic visual inspection campaign, we classify the top candidates as high-likelihood satellites. On average, we find 4.0 ± 1.4 high-likelihood candidate satellites per LMC-mass host and 2.1 ± 0.6 per SMC-mass host, which is within the range predicted by cosmological models. We use this sample to establish upper and lower estimates on the satellite luminosity function of LMC-/SMC-mass galaxies. ID-MAGE nearly triples the number of low-mass galaxies surveyed for satellites with well-characterized completeness limits, providing a unique data set to explore small-scale structure and dwarf galaxy evolution around low-mass hosts in diverse environments.

Abstract Copyright: © 2025. The Author(s). Published by the American Astronomical Society.

Journal keyword(s): Low surface brightness galaxies - Dwarf galaxies - Galaxy evolution

Nomenclature: Table 3: MAGE JHHMM+DDMM N=351, MAGE JHHMM+DDMMa (Nos J1230+2312a-J1230+2312b, J1003+7042a-J1003+7042b).

Errata: erratum vol. 997, art. 369 (2026)

Status at CDS : Acronym for new objects described in the dictionary of nomenclature and being created in SIMBAD. // Large table(s) will be appraised for possible ingestion in VizieR.

Simbad objects: 59

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Number of rows : 59
N Identifier Otype ICRS (J2000)
RA 		ICRS (J2000)
DEC 		Mag U Mag B Mag V Mag R Mag I Sp type #ref
1850 - 2026 		#notes
1 NGC 24 EmG 00 09 56.542 -24 57 47.27 12.12 12.20 11.58 11.46 11.5 ~ 269 1
2 NAME SMC G 00 52 38.0 -72 48 01   2.79 2.2     ~ 12317 1
3 M 33 GiG 01 33 50.8965749232 +30 39 36.630403128 6.17 6.27 5.72     ~ 6226 1
4 NGC 625 AGN 01 35 04.632 -41 26 10.32 12.37 11.78 11.25 11.03 11.5 ~ 312 2
5 MCG-07-04-032 AG? 01 45 03.74 -43 35 52.9 13.45 12.92 12.63 12.51 12.8 ~ 152 1
6 IC 1727 GiP 01 47 29.890 +27 20 00.06   12.54 11.98 11.77   ~ 216 0
7 NGC 672 GiP 01 47 54.4764771528 +27 25 58.020709728 12.04 11.60 11.09 10.81   ~ 304 0
8 NGC 784 LSB 02 01 16.932 +28 50 14.13 12.97 12.50 12.07 11.83   ~ 212 0
9 NAME Hydrus I G 02 29 33.4 -79 18 32           ~ 80 0
10 ESO 115-21 G 02 37 49.563 -61 19 53.77 14.14 13.52 13.13 12.95   ~ 100 1
11 ESO 154-23 AG? 02 56 50.38 -54 34 17.1   12.63   12.18 12.5 ~ 123 0
12 IC 1959 GiG 03 33 12.576 -50 24 51.13 13.52 13.32 12.96 12.75 12.7 ~ 119 0
13 NGC 1705 Sy2 04 54 13.4661493464 -53 21 39.471592428 12.32 12.96 12.56 12.58 12.9 ~ 692 1
14 NGC 1744 LSB 04 59 57.7383643080 -26 01 19.840639764 12.43 11.90 11.41 11.20 11.7 ~ 159 0
15 MCG-04-12-041 AG? 05 03 19.69 -25 25 22.5 14.89 14.41 14.03 13.87 14.0 ~ 65 0
16 NAME LMC G 05 23 34.6 -69 45 22     0.4     ~ 19090 0
17 ESO 364-29 G 06 05 44.0 -33 05 00   13.60   13.23 13.2 ~ 48 0
18 2MASX J06071970-3412161 GiC 06 07 19.704 -34 12 16.15   14.3   13.74 14.0 ~ 46 0
19 NGC 2188 EmG 06 10 09.8934 -34 06 14.168   12.10 11.82 11.39   ~ 115 0
20 NGC 2403 AGN 07 36 51.3381434280 +65 36 09.650825640 9.31 8.84 8.38 8.19   ~ 1887 1
21 Z 87-30 G 07 41 56.3059298112 +16 48 07.451632188   15.4       ~ 233 0
22 [KK98a] 073940.2+164047 G 07 42 31.2 +16 33 40   15.6       ~ 52 0
23 Z 88-7 G 07 57 01.027 +14 23 47.66   16.0       ~ 161 0
24 MCG+07-18-004 LSB 08 28 28.560 +41 51 27.13   18       ~ 175 0
25 NGC 3109 AG? 10 03 06.877 -26 09 34.46 11.10 10.42 10.04 9.91   ~ 825 2
26 Z 333-17 LSB 10 05 30.45024 +70 21 51.4253 15.95 15.56 15.09 14.87   ~ 214 1
27 MCG+06-24-027 AG? 10 52 16.7441632824 +36 35 40.255197540   17       ~ 31 0
28 NGC 3432 AG? 10 52 31.132 +36 37 07.60   11.81 11.67 11.29   ~ 321 1
29 NGC 3718 Sy2 11 32 34.8571790688 +53 04 04.520222040   11.35 10.61     ~ 408 1
30 NGC 3733 AG? 11 35 01.6242268032 +54 51 01.688019408           ~ 93 1
31 NGC 3738 AGN 11 35 48.982 +54 31 24.70   12.12 12.04 11.56   ~ 303 0
32 NGC 3756 GiG 11 36 48.0255259872 +54 17 36.721532292   12.1       ~ 193 0
33 IC 2993 GiG 12 06 07.4995444776 +32 53 40.589806416   15.5       ~ 23 0
34 NGC 4236 GiG 12 16 42.118 +69 27 45.25 10.97 10.58 10.08 9.90   ~ 415 1
35 NGC 4244 GiG 12 17 29.659 +37 48 25.60   10.71   9.99   ~ 582 1
36 Z 335-12 AG? 12 24 25.30 +70 20 01.0 13.93 13.38 12.86 12.60   ~ 74 0
37 NGC 4395 Sy2 12 25 48.8633109888 +33 32 48.700168152 10.84 10.54 10.11 9.98   ~ 1286 1
38 Z 187-44 GiP 12 27 05.566 +37 08 30.39   14.19   13.55   ~ 217 0
39 NGC 4449 EmG 12 28 11.118 +44 05 36.81 10.11 9.98 9.64 9.45   ~ 1192 1
40 Z 187-46 GiP 12 28 28.084 +37 14 05.36   15.6       ~ 105 0
41 Z 187-47 GiG 12 28 38.743 +35 43 02.91 15.50 15.12 14.86 14.78   ~ 130 1
42 NGC 4455 EmG 12 28 44.1242000448 +22 49 13.538159508   15.5       ~ 222 0
43 Z 159-13 GiC 12 32 54.5 +31 32 30   13.50   13.03   ~ 180 0
44 NGC 4605 GiG 12 39 59.2837284936 +61 36 32.822365392   10.94   10.35   ~ 347 2
45 Z 270-22 bCG 12 46 56.426 +51 36 46.80   14.1       ~ 119 0
46 NGC 4707 AG? 12 48 21.666 +51 09 53.81   15.2       ~ 113 0
47 M 94 SyG 12 50 53.0737971432 +41 07 12.900884628 9.15 8.96 8.24 7.78   ~ 1476 2
48 LEDA 166151 AG? 12 59 00.91708 +35 28 48.3613           ~ 16 0
49 NGC 4861 H2G 12 59 02.340 +34 51 33.98   12.90 12.32     ~ 389 2
50 IC 4182 BiC 13 05 48.7478324064 +37 36 12.965157684   11.86   11.40   ~ 344 1
51 Z 316-9 AG? 13 06 24.85 +67 42 25.0 14.08 13.61 13.08 12.98   ~ 268 1
52 NGC 5204 LSB 13 29 36.508 +58 25 07.43   11.84   11.37   ~ 494 0
53 M 101 GiP 14 03 12.583 +54 20 55.50   8.46 7.86 7.76   ~ 3138 2
54 NGC 5585 GiG 14 19 48.204 +56 43 44.58   11.73 11.216 11.12 10.123 ~ 455 0
55 NGC 6503 LIN 17 49 26.4207792072 +70 08 39.604132176 11.56 10.95 10.28 9.92   ~ 551 1
56 IC 4951 EmG 20 09 31.77 -61 51 01.7 14.74 14.23 13.84 13.68 14.0 ~ 73 0
57 IC 5052 G 20 52 01.633 -69 11 35.93 12.83 12.20 11.66 11.40   ~ 169 0
58 NGC 7090 EmG 21 36 28.865 -54 33 26.35 12.35 11.60 11.05 10.82 11.2 ~ 183 0
59 NAME Local Group GrG ~ ~           ~ 9325 0

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