2025ApJ...989..110F

Query : 2025ApJ...989..110F

2025ApJ...989..110F - Astrophys. J., 989, 110 (2025/August-2)

A Systematic Search for MeV-GeV Pulsar Wind Nebulae without Gamma-Ray Detected Pulsars.

FERMI-LAT COLLABORATION, ACHARYYA A., ADELFIO A., AJELLO M., BALDINI L., BALLET J., BARTOLINI C., BECERRA GONZALEZ J., BELLAZZINI R., BISSALDI E., BONINO R., BRUEL P., CAMERON R.A., CARAVEO P.A., CASABURO F., CASINI F., CASTRO D., CAVAZZUTI E., CIPRINI S., COZZOLONGO G., CRISTARELLA ORESTANO P., CUNA F., CUTINI S., D'AMMANDO F., DEPALO D., DI LALLA N., DINESH A., DI VENERE L., DOMINGUEZ A., EAGLE J., FIORI A., FUKAZAWA Y., FUNK S., FUSCO P., GARGANO F., GASBARRA C., GASPARRINI D., GERMANI S., GIACCHINO F., GIGLIETTO N., GILIBERTI M., GIORDANO F., GIROLETTI M., GREEN D., GRENIER I.A., GRONDIN M.-H., GUIRIEC S., GUPTA R., HARDING A.K., HASHIZUME M., HAYS E., HEWITT J.W., HORAN D., HOU X., KAYANOKI T., KUSS M., LAVIRON A., LEMOINE-GOUMARD M., LIGUORI A., LI J., LIODAKIS I., LOIZZO P., LONGO F., LOPARCO F., LORUSSO L., LOVELLETTE M.N., LUBRANO P., MALDERA S., MALYSHEV D., MARTI-DEVESA G., MAZZIOTTA M.N., MEREU I., MICHELSON P.F., MIRABAL N., MIZUNO T., MONTI-GUARNIERI P., MONZANI M.E., MORSELLI A., MOSKALENKO I.V., OMODEI N., ORLANDO E., PANEQUE D., PANZARINI G., PERSIC M., PESCE-ROLLINS M., PILLERA R., PORTER T.A., PRINCIPE G., RAINO S., RANDO R., RAZZANO M., REIMER A., REIMER O., SANCHEZ-CONDE M., SAZ PARKINSON P.M., SERINI D., SGRO C., SISKIND E.J., SPANDRE G., SPINELLI P., STRONG A.W., TAJIMA H., THAYER J.B., TIBALDO L., TORRES D.F., VALVERDE J., WOOD K., ZAHARIJAS G. and ZHANG W.

Abstract (from CDS):

An increasing number of pulsar wind nebulae (PWNe) are being identified in the TeV band by ground-based Imaging Air Cherenkov Telescopes such that they constitute the dominant source class of Galactic TeV emitters. However, MeV-GeV PWN counterparts are still largely lacking. To date, only a dozen PWNe are identified by the Fermi-Large Area Telescope (LAT) in the MeV-GeV band. Most PWNe are located along the Galactic plane embedded within the prominent, diffuse Galactic γ-ray emission, which makes these sources difficult to disentangle from the bright diffuse background. We present a systematic search for γ-ray counterparts to known PWNe in the 300 MeV-2 TeV energy band using the Fermi-LAT. We target the locations of previously identified PWNe that lack detected Fermi-LAT pulsars to minimize associated pulsar contamination. The sample includes six previously identified Fermi PWNe and eight Fermi-LAT sources associated with PWNe. We report the analysis of 58 regions of interest and classify Fermi-LAT detected sources as either a likely PWN or a candidate PWN counterpart based on their morphological and spectral characteristics across the broadband spectrum. There are nine unidentified Fermi-LAT sources that we consider as likely PWN counterparts, which, if confirmed to be PWNe, would greatly increase the PWN population detected by the Fermi-LAT from 12 to 21. The remaining Fermi-LAT detected sources are considered weaker PWN candidates. A second approach in the systematic search for γ-ray emitting PWNe will involve studying the off-pulse phases of Fermi-LAT detected pulsars for the presence of an obscured PWN and will be reported in a subsequent paper.

Abstract Copyright: © 2025. The Author(s). Published by the American Astronomical Society.

Journal keyword(s): Gamma-ray astronomy - Pulsar wind nebulae - High energy astrophysics - Core-collapse supernovae

Simbad objects: 112

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Number of rows : 112
N Identifier Otype ICRS (J2000)
RA 		ICRS (J2000)
DEC 		Mag U Mag B Mag V Mag R Mag I Sp type #ref
1850 - 2026 		#notes
1 SNR G130.7+03.1 SNR 02 05 35.73 +64 49 41.3           ~ 661 4
2 PSR J0205+6449 Psr 02 05 37.92 +64 49 42.8           ~ 268 1
3 SNR B0453-68.5 SNR 04 53 36.00 -68 29 30.0           ~ 90 1
4 2FGL J0455.8-6920 gam 04 56 16 -69 24.5           ~ 19 0
5 NAME LMC G 05 23 34.6 -69 45 22     0.4     ~ 19090 0
6 4FGL J0530.0-6900e gam 05 30 00.0 -69 00 00           ~ 12 0
7 4FGL J0531.8-6639e BLL 05 31 52.8 -66 39 00           ~ 21 0
8 M 1 SNR 05 34 31.8 +22 01 03           ~ 6516 1
9 V* CM Tau Psr 05 34 31.9474694616 +22 00 52.153698024           ~ 5476 0
10 PSR J0537-6910 Psr 05 37 46.66 -69 10 17.1           ~ 309 1
11 0FGL J0538.4-6856 gam 05 37 49.3 -69 09 53           ~ 15 0
12 NGC 2060 SNR 05 37 51.4466169456 -69 10 23.947092084   9.69 9.59     ~ 380 2
13 PSR J0538+2813 Psr 05 38 25.06 +28 17 11.0           ~ 224 1
14 SNR G180.0-01.7 SNR 05 39 00.000 +27 50 00.00           ~ 294 2
15 IC 443 SNR 06 17 00.0000000 +22 34 11.998901           ~ 1314 1
16 NAME Vela X Psr 08 33 08.880 -45 11 24.36           ~ 302 1
17 NAME Vela SNR 08 34.0 -45 50           ~ 1331 2
18 NAME Vela Jr SN SNR 08 52.0 -46 20           ~ 507 2
19 PSR J0855-4644 Psr 08 55 36.160 -46 44 13.46           ~ 62 1
20 IGR J11014-6103 gam 11 01 45.05 -61 01 40.3           ~ 61 0
21 PSR J1301-6305 Psr 13 02 47.9992676 -63 10 48.001099           ~ 139 2
22 PSR J1357-6429 Psr 13 57 02.525 -64 29 29.89           ~ 171 1
23 SNR G310.6-01.6 SNR 14 00 45.69 -63 25 42.6           ~ 45 1
24 PSR J1420-6048 Psr 14 20 08.190 -60 48 14.85           ~ 214 0
25 4FGL J1435.8-6018 gam 14 35 51.4 -60 18 48           ~ 5 0
26 PSR J1437-5959 Psr 14 37 01.91 -59 59 01.4           ~ 15 2
27 NAME Frying Pan SNR 14 38.4 -60 11           ~ 40 0
28 4FGL J1459.0-5819 gam 14 59 04.3 -58 19 43           ~ 5 0
29 3A 1510-590 Psr 15 13 17.000 -59 04 54.00           ~ 434 3
30 Kes 25 SNR 15 53 00.000 -56 10 00.00           ~ 136 0
31 1FGL J1554.8-5312c gam 15 54 24.27 -53 14 41.0           ~ 20 0
32 4FGL J1554.4-5506 gam 15 54 27.4 -55 06 54           ~ 2 0
33 HESS J1554-550 gam 15 54.6 -55 05           ~ 7 0
34 SNR G328.4+00.2 SNR 15 55 30 -53 17.0           ~ 72 1
35 PSR J1617-5055 Psr 16 17 29.35 -50 55 12.8           ~ 128 1
36 AJG 44 Psr 16 17 33.000 -51 02 00.00           ~ 552 3
37 4FGL J1631.6-4756e gam 16 31 41.3 -47 56 24           ~ 9 0
38 IGR J16320-4751 HXB 16 32 01.76 -47 52 29.0           BN0.5Ia 188 0
39 HESS J1634-472 gam 16 34 51.11927 -47 14 01.9360           ~ 31 0
40 SNR G337.0-00.1 SNR 16 35 06.9 -47 47 25           ~ 140 1
41 SNR G337.2+00.1 SNR 16 35 56.0 -47 19 54           ~ 28 1
42 CXOU J163802.6-471358 X 16 38 02.6 -47 13 58           ~ 3 0
43 4FGL J1638.4-4715c gam 16 38 27.9 -47 15 34           ~ 2 0
44 SNR G338.3-00.0 SNR 16 40 43.2 -46 31 48           ~ 175 2
45 PSR J1640-4631 Psr 16 40 43.52 -46 31 35.4           ~ 65 0
46 PSR B1643-43 Psr 16 46 50.86 -43 45 53.7           ~ 77 1
47 PSR B1737-30.2 Psr 17 40 33.98000 -30 15 22.0000           ~ 236 0
48 HESS J1741-302 gam 17 41 15.79827 -30 22 37.2040           ~ 31 0
49 3FHL J1746.2-2852 LXB 17 44 33.09 -28 44 27.0           ~ 559 0
50 2CG 359+00 gam 17 45 11 -30 11.9           ~ 104 0
51 NAME Galactic Center reg 17 45 39.60213 -29 00 22.0000           ~ 16269 0
52 SNR G000.9+00.1 SNR 17 47.3 -28 09           ~ 222 1
53 PSR B1800-21 Psr 18 03 51.40000 -21 37 07.0000           ~ 278 1
54 1AGLR J1807-2103 gam 18 03 52.1 -21 10 54           ~ 79 0
55 4FGL J1804.7-2144e gam 18 04 45.8 -21 44 06           ~ 8 0
56 W 30 SNR 18 05 31.2011719 -21 25 48.001099           ~ 188 1
57 PSR J1809-1917 Psr 18 09 43.147 -19 17 38.10           ~ 128 1
58 3FGL J1810.1-1910 gam 18 10 11 -19 10.1           ~ 13 0
59 HESS J1809-193 gam 18 10 31 -19 18.0           ~ 70 1
60 SNR G011.2-00.3 SNR 18 11 28.9 -19 25 29           ~ 305 1
61 PSR J1811-1926 Psr 18 11 29.15 -19 25 25.4           ~ 136 1
62 3FGL J1811.3-1927c gam 18 11 32.8 -19 25 39           ~ 13 0
63 NAME AGPS 273.4-17.8 SNR 18 13 35.05 -17 49 58.1           ~ 145 2
64 1AGL J1815-1732 gam 18 14 05 -17 36.1           ~ 30 0
65 HESS J1818-154 gam 18 16.1 -15 12           ~ 17 0
66 3FGL J1818.7-1528 gam 18 18 37.9 -15 33 41           ~ 9 0
67 2HWC J1819-150 gam 18 19 09.6 -15 05 41           ~ 9 0
68 2MASS J18203009-1434228 HXB 18 20 30.09648 -14 34 22.8828           B0-2IV-Ve 71 1
69 PSR B1823-13 Psr 18 26 13.06 -13 34 48.1           ~ 460 1
70 SNR G020.0-00.2 SNR 18 28 07.000 -11 35 00.00           ~ 72 0
71 3FGL J1829.7-1304 gam 18 29 46 -13 04.3           ~ 8 0
72 PSR B1830-08 Psr 18 33 40.24500 -08 27 30.9000           ~ 155 1
73 3FGL J1833.9-0711 SNR 18 34 09.6020508 -07 04 47.999725           ~ 11 0
74 MAGIC J1835-069 ? 18 35.4 -06 56           ~ 5 0
75 [GH2008] 1 X 18 37 21.21 -06 52 30.6           ~ 10 0
76 AX J1838.0-0655 SNR 18 38 03.13 -06 55 33.4           ~ 83 2
77 PSR J1838-0655 Psr 18 38 03.13 -06 55 33.4           ~ 114 1
78 3EG J1837-0423 Rad 18 38 52.0 -04 16 16           ~ 95 1
79 PSR J1838-0537 Psr 18 38 56.02 -05 37 09.0           ~ 55 0
80 3FHL J1838.9-0704e BLL 18 38 58.8 -07 04 01           ~ 10 0
81 ARGO J1839-0627 Psr 18 40 55.0 -05 33 00           ~ 66 1
82 1FGL J1844.3-0309c gam 18 44 29 -03 07.0           ~ 12 0
83 HESS J1844-030 gam 18 44 40.0 -03 06 00           ~ 17 0
84 SNR G029.7-00.3 SNR 18 46 22.8 -02 59 47           ~ 375 2
85 4FGL J1846.4-0258 gam 18 46 24.5 -02 58 28           ~ 2 0
86 PSR J1846-0258 Psr 18 46 24.75 -02 58 29.6           ~ 388 2
87 2FGL J1847.2-0236 gam 18 46 57.5 -02 47 59           ~ 13 0
88 PSR J1849-0001 Psr 18 49 01.83 -00 01 19.1           ~ 76 0
89 PSR B1853+01 Psr 18 56 10.65 +01 13 21.3           ~ 211 1
90 SNR G034.6-00.5 SNR 18 56 10.650 +01 13 21.30           ~ 1034 2
91 PSR J1856+0245 Psr 18 56 50.80 +02 45 50.2           ~ 51 0
92 4FGL J1857.7+0246e Psr 18 57 11.0 +02 40 00           ~ 59 0
93 2EG J1903+0529 gam 19 03 54.0 +05 31 17           ~ 34 1
94 4FGL J1922.7+1428c gam 19 22 47.8 +14 28 21           ~ 4 0
95 CXOU J192318.5+140335 X 19 23 18.5 +14 03 35           ~ 3 0
96 SNR G049.1-00.1 SNR 19 23 19.300 +14 09 21.00           ~ 309 0
97 SNR G054.1+00.3 SNR 19 30 10.6 +18 50 22           ~ 271 1
98 PSR J1930+1852 Psr 19 30 30.13 +18 52 14.1           ~ 110 1
99 4FGL J1930.5+1853 gam 19 30 34.5 +18 53 43           ~ 5 0
100 PSR B1929+10 Psr 19 32 14.0570 +10 59 33.380           ~ 801 0
101 4FGL J1947.7+2744 gam 19 47 43.6 +27 44 01           ~ 6 0
102 SNR G063.7+01.1 SNR 19 47 52 +27 45.0           ~ 31 0
103 VER J1952+293 gam 19 52 15 +29 23.0           ~ 4 0
104 3FGL J1951.6+2926 gam 19 52 52.2 +29 24 02           ~ 13 0
105 2HWC J1953+294 gam 19 53.0 +29 29           ~ 10 0
106 SNR G074.9+01.2 SNR 20 16 02.4 +37 12 48           ~ 195 2
107 PSR J2016+3711 Psr 20 16 09.14 +37 11 10.4           ~ 6 0
108 CXOU J201609.2+371110 X 20 16 09.20 +37 11 10.5           ~ 13 0
109 4FGL J2016.2+3712 gam 20 16 13.7 +37 12 47           ~ 12 0
110 NAME Cyg Loop SNR 20 51.0 +30 40           ~ 964 0
111 PSR B2223+65 Psr 22 25 52.8627 +65 35 36.371           ~ 342 0
112 NAME Galactic Ridge ? ~ ~           ~ 543 1

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