2025ApJ...989..191K

We evaluated the jet power and the density of ambient matter in 3C 84 by using the momentum balance along the jet axis and the transonic condition for the cocoons observed at two different scales (approximately 1 and 6 pc). For the inner cocoon, we precisely determined the ratio of jet power to ambient density L_j/n_a to be (0.3-0.7) × 10⁴³ erg s^–1 cm³. Similarly, for the outer cocoon, we found that this value is more than an order of magnitude larger at (0.9-3.7) × 10⁴⁴ erg s^–1 cm³. This indicates that the outer cocoon is formed by a powerful jet that propagates through an ambient density of 20-300 cm^–3 with a jet power of 10^45–46.5 erg s^–1. On the other hand, the inner cocoon is formed by a weaker jet with a power of 10^43–44 erg s^–1, propagating through a relatively low-density environment of 6-20 cm^–3. These results suggest that (1) with respect to the difference in n_a, it appears to support the hypothesis that the inner cocoon, recently formed about 10 yr ago, is expanding in the low-density environment created by the jet emitted about 25-50 yr ago; (2) to achieve the short-lived and high L_j that generated the outer cocoon, a large mass-accretion rate is required over a short period to activate the jet. These may imply an extreme accretion event driven by the tidal disruption events of massive stars and/or the disk instability.