2025ApJ...992..116M

Query : 2025ApJ...992..116M

2025ApJ...992..116M - Astrophys. J., 992, 116 (2025/October-2)

Irradiated Pulsar Planets and Companions as 511 keV Positron Annihilation Line Sources.

METZLER Z. and WADIASINGH Z.

Abstract (from CDS):

Millisecond pulsars (MSPs) are prolific GeV γ-ray emitters, and nearly 80% of Fermi Large Area Telescope MSPs reside in compact binaries. For the first time in the literature, we demonstrate that the companions in these compact MSPs binaries are also 511 keV annihilation line emitters using MEGAlib simulations (a high-energy radiation transport software built with Geant4) to compute the particle showers and resulting backsplash emission from the pulsar irradiation. The 511 keV signal exhibits strong flux modulation and red- and blueshifts associated with a binary orbit, enabling powerful coherent searches. Measuring the 511 keV emission would enable direct γ-ray characterization of unusual pulsar exoplanets and companions, and allow one to identify the unambiguous presence of active pulsars whose beams do not intercept Earth. Intriguingly, the 511 keV flux is brightest for ultracompact systems, against which pulsar surveys are systematically biased. These ultracompact systems are also possibly prime Laser Interferometer Space Antenna (LISA) Galactic sources. This necessitates future joint LISA-MeV γ-ray techniques to characterize MSP binaries. These MSP binaries may also contribute to the puzzling source of the excess 511 keV photons near the Galactic bulge and center.

Abstract Copyright: © 2025. The Author(s). Published by the American Astronomical Society.

Journal keyword(s): Pulsars - Binary pulsars - Millisecond pulsars - Neutron stars - Gravitational wave sources - Galactic center - Dark matter - Gravitational waves - Gamma-ray sources - Gamma-ray astronomy - High energy astrophysics - Gamma-ray lines

Simbad objects: 181

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Number of rows : 181
N Identifier Otype ICRS (J2000)
RA 		ICRS (J2000)
DEC 		Mag U Mag B Mag V Mag R Mag I Sp type #ref
1850 - 2026 		#notes
1 PSR J0023+0923 Psr 00 23 16.890 +09 23 24.18           ~ 137 0
2 PSR J0024-7204R Psr 00 24 05.670 -72 04 52.62           ~ 52 1
3 PSR B0021-72T Psr 00 24 08.54 -72 04 38.9           ~ 48 1
4 PSR J0023-72U Psr 00 24 09.8325 -72 03 59.667           ~ 64 2
5 PSR J0023-72Q Psr 00 24 16.482 -72 04 25.15           ~ 44 1
6 PSR J0034-05 Psr 00 34 21.8281 -05 34 36.620           ~ 201 0
7 PSR J0101-6422 Psr 01 01 11.1163 -64 22 30.171           ~ 63 0
8 PSR J0203-0150 Psr 02 03 33.91215 -01 50 01.5874           ~ 3 0
9 PSR J0218+42 Psr 02 18 06.3604 +42 32 17.365           ~ 365 2
10 PSR J0251+2606 Psr 02 51 02.5204468 +26 06 09.937134           ~ 39 0
11 PSR J0337+1715 Psr 03 37 43.8210968640 +17 15 14.886499572           ~ 113 0
12 PSR J0407+16 Psr 04 07 54.939 +16 07 16.40           ~ 35 1
13 PSR J0437-47 Psr 04 37 15.7994581776 -47 15 08.544351636           DC 1032 0
14 PSR J0509+08 Psr 05 09 22.23485 +08 56 25.0248           ~ 23 0
15 PSR J0557+1551 Psr 05 57 31.44918 +15 50 06.0460           ~ 16 0
16 PSR J0605+3757 Psr 06 05 05.5444336 +37 57 35.996704           ~ 42 0
17 PSR J0610-2100 Psr 06 10 13.602953 -21 00 27.74435           ~ 116 0
18 PSR B0613-02.0 Psr 06 13 43.977070 -02 00 47.34294           ~ 319 1
19 PSR J0614-3329 Psr 06 14 10.3479 -33 29 54.116           ~ 134 1
20 PSR J0621+2514 Psr 06 21 10.8471680 +25 14 03.839264           ~ 24 0
21 PSR J0636+5129 Psr 06 36 04.84645 +51 28 59.9625           ~ 101 0
22 PSR J0721-2038 Psr 07 21 42.9047 -20 38 07.061           ~ 12 0
23 PSR J0732+2314 Psr 07 32 37.5156 +23 14 54.210           ~ 12 0
24 PSR J0740+6620 Psr 07 40 45.799 +66 20 33.60           ~ 395 0
25 PSR J0742+4110 Psr 07 42 12.22 +41 10 15.0           ~ 6 0
26 PSR J0751+1807 Psr 07 51 09.1539 +18 07 38.335           ~ 316 1
27 PSR J0824+0028 Psr 08 24 24.84022 +00 28 00.5670           ~ 9 0
28 PSR J0900-3144 Psr 09 00 43.95220 -31 44 30.8722           ~ 68 0
29 PSR J0922-52 Psr 09 21 59.8785 -52 02 38.470           ~ 9 0
30 PSR J0925+6103 Psr 09 25 17.5451 +61 03 04.104           ~ 2 0
31 PSR J1017-7156 Psr 10 17 51.311783 -71 56 41.57398           ~ 61 1
32 PSR J1022+10 Psr 10 22 57.990 +10 01 52.92           ~ 279 2
33 PSR J1045-45 Psr 10 45 50.179671 -45 09 54.05686           ~ 154 1
34 PSR J1045-0436 Psr 10 45 57.92 -04 36 23.4           ~ 3 0
35 PSR J1056-7117 Psr 10 56 45.8706243384 -71 17 53.766596328           ~ 8 0
36 PSR J1101-6424 Psr 11 01 37.191540 -64 24 39.33316           ~ 20 0
37 PSR J1120-3618 Psr 11 20 23.3553 -36 19 40.477           ~ 13 0
38 PSR J1125-58 Psr 11 25 44.352943 -58 25 16.85965           ~ 55 1
39 PSR J1125-6014 Psr 11 25 55.243299 -60 14 06.80942           ~ 61 0
40 PSR J1125+7819 Psr 11 25 59.851 +78 19 48.70           ~ 36 0
41 PSR J1137+7528 Psr 11 37 02.0581055 +75 28 02.308960           ~ 16 0
42 PSR J1142+01 Psr 11 42 50.1342774 +01 19 35.400210           ~ 29 1
43 PSR J1216-6410 Psr 12 16 07.321183 -64 10 09.16656           ~ 23 0
44 PSR J1221-0633 Psr 12 21 24.76 -06 33 51.7           ~ 40 0
45 PSR J1231-1411 Psr 12 31 11.3069 -14 11 43.628           ~ 139 0
46 PSR B1257+12 Psr 13 00 03.1075 +12 40 55.155           ~ 546 1
47 PSR J1312+00 Psr 13 12 46.6406250 +00 51 00.071969           ~ 41 0
48 PSR J1317-0157 Psr 13 17 40.45 -01 57 30.1           ~ 6 0
49 PSR J1327-0755 Psr 13 27 57.58052 -07 55 29.9180           ~ 25 0
50 PSR J1337-6423 Psr 13 37 31.93 -64 23 04.9           ~ 18 2
51 PSR J1400-1431 Psr 14 00 37.00370 -14 31 47.0422           ~ 49 0
52 PSR J1405-4656 Psr 14 05 21.425 -46 56 02.31           ~ 8 0
53 PSR J1421-4409 Psr 14 21 20.960491 -44 09 04.57445           ~ 16 0
54 PSR J1431-5740 Psr 14 31 03.49603 -57 40 11.6601           ~ 15 0
55 PSR J1431-4715 Psr 14 31 44.6313693632 -47 15 27.399549133           ~ 49 0
56 PSR J1435-60 Psr 14 35 20.2733756922 -61 00 57.545079751           ~ 58 1
57 PSR J1439-5501 Psr 14 39 39.7420 -55 01 23.621           ~ 27 1
58 PSR J1446-4701 Psr 14 46 35.709721 -47 01 26.79678           ~ 82 1
59 PSR J1455-3300 Psr 14 55 47.976991 -33 30 46.40280           ~ 165 1
60 PSR J1502-6752 Psr 15 02 18.610 -67 52 16.78           ~ 16 1
61 PSR J1514-4946 Psr 15 14 19.1142 -49 46 15.528           ~ 55 0
62 PSR J1525-5544 Psr 15 25 28.12719 -55 45 49.8854           ~ 19 0
63 PSR J1529-3828 Psr 15 29 15.1066 -38 28 45.850           ~ 10 0
64 PSR J1543-5149 Psr 15 43 44.145289 -51 49 54.71350           ~ 41 1
65 PSR J1544+4937 Psr 15 44 04.166 +49 37 57.45           ~ 89 1
66 PSR J1545-4550 Psr 15 45 55.945403 -45 50 37.50813           ~ 34 0
67 PSR J1555-2908 Psr 15 55 40.6585535732 -29 08 28.423239347           ~ 37 0
68 PSR J1600-3053 Psr 16 00 51.902514 -30 53 49.45343           ~ 218 0
69 PSR J1604-72 Psr 16 03 35.670781 -72 02 32.82328           ~ 142 0
70 PSR J1614-2230 Psr 16 14 36.50974 -22 30 31.5420           ~ 452 1
71 PSR J1622-6617 Psr 16 22 03.667 -66 17 16.98           ~ 13 1
72 PSR J1625-0021 Psr 16 25 10.469 -00 21 26.73           ~ 35 0
73 PSR J1630+3550 Psr 16 30 35.94666 +35 50 42.4330           ~ 9 0
74 PSR J1630+3734 Psr 16 30 36.4672852 +37 34 42.101440           ~ 48 0
75 PSR J1640+2224 Psr 16 40 16.744850 +22 24 08.84119           ~ 210 0
76 PSR J1641+8049 Psr 16 41 20.843 +80 49 52.90           ~ 36 0
77 PSR J1641+3627E Psr 16 41 41.0 +36 27 37           ~ 17 0
78 PSR J1641+3627F Psr 16 41 44.60580 +36 28 16.0034           ~ 15 0
79 PSR J1643-1224 Psr 16 43 38.16612 -12 24 58.6334           ~ 260 2
80 PSR J1653-2054 Psr 16 53 31.01268 -20 54 54.9770           ~ 15 0
81 PSR J1658+36 Psr 16 58 26.5198 +36 30 30.095           ~ 14 0
82 PSR J1701-3006D Psr 17 01 12 -30 06.0           ~ 10 0
83 PSR J1701-3006E Psr 17 01 12 -30 06.0           ~ 18 0
84 PSR J1701-3006F Psr 17 01 12 -30 06.0           ~ 21 0
85 PSR J1708-35 Psr 17 08 17.616678 -35 06 22.65950           ~ 29 1
86 PSR J1709+2313 Psr 17 09 05.792 +23 13 27.85           ~ 36 1
87 PSR J1713+0747 Psr 17 13 49.5367813 +07 47 37.450240           ~ 530 1
88 PSR J1719-14 Psr 17 19 10.076221 -14 38 01.00200           ~ 92 2
89 PSR J1720-0533 Psr 17 20.0 -05 33           ~ 15 0
90 PSR J1731-18 Psr 17 31 17.6072 -18 47 32.740           ~ 46 1
91 PSR J1732-5049 Psr 17 32 47.766068 -50 49 00.31465           ~ 87 0
92 PSR J1737-0811 Psr 17 37 47.109064 -08 11 08.97980           ~ 16 0
93 PSR J1738+0333 Psr 17 38 53.966386 +03 33 10.87200           ~ 191 1
94 PSR J1741+1351 Psr 17 41 31.1499024 +13 51 44.279709           ~ 122 0
95 PSR J1745-0952 Psr 17 45 09.1400 -09 52 39.670           ~ 28 0
96 PSR J1745+1017 Psr 17 45 33.8371 +10 17 52.523           ~ 70 0
97 NAME Galactic Center reg 17 45 39.60213 -29 00 22.0000           ~ 16269 0
98 PSR J1751-2857 Psr 17 51 32.686848 -28 57 46.57130           ~ 65 1
99 PSR J1755-3715 Psr 17 55 35.3975810472 -37 16 10.012600704           ~ 8 0
100 PSR J1756-5322 Psr 17 57 15.154960 -53 22 26.59604           ~ 56 0
101 PSR J1802-2124 Psr 18 02 05.334393 -21 24 03.67600           ~ 101 1
102 PSR J1804-27 Psr 18 04 21.13307 -27 17 31.3370           ~ 87 1
103 PSR J1805+0615 Psr 18 05 42.3999024 +06 15 18.359184           ~ 33 0
104 PSR J1806+2819 Psr 18 06 25.0658 +28 19 01.115           ~ 11 0
105 PSR J1810-2005 Psr 18 10 58.988 -20 05 08.30           ~ 33 0
106 PSR J1811-0624 Psr 18 11 18.0861 -06 24 37.420           ~ 2 0
107 PSR J1811-2405 Psr 18 11 19.854352 -24 05 18.42800           ~ 56 1
108 PSR J1813-0402 Psr 18 13 34.93602 -04 02 47.8226           ~ 2 0
109 PSR J1813-2621 Psr 18 13 40.59165 -26 21 57.0550           ~ 6 0
110 PSR J1816+4510 Psr 18 16 35.9342957160 +45 10 33.917516328           ~ 126 0
111 PSR J1824-0621 Psr 18 24 15.81954 -06 21 56.7918           ~ 7 0
112 PSR J1824+1014 Psr 18 24 20.5004883 +10 16 29.555740           ~ 18 0
113 PSR J1825-0319 Psr 18 25 55.954707 -03 19 57.58370           ~ 19 0
114 PSR J1828+0625 Psr 18 28 28.95501 +06 25 09.7930           ~ 16 0
115 PSR J1835-0115 Psr 18 35 13.90 -01 15 17.0           ~ 10 0
116 PSR J1835-3259B Psr 18 35 45.4704 -32 59 25.480           ~ 16 0
117 PSR J1836-2354A Psr 18 36 25.4452 -23 54 52.390           ~ 21 0
118 PSR J1841+0130 Psr 18 41 17.761 +01 30 19.60           ~ 16 1
119 PSR J1844+0115 Psr 18 44 40.5474 +01 15 34.974           ~ 12 0
120 PSR J1850+0124 Psr 18 50 01.0139 +01 24 34.610           ~ 14 0
121 PSR J1850+0244 Psr 18 50 41.683 +02 42 57.44           ~ 7 0
122 PSR J1853+1303 Psr 18 53 57.3183 +13 03 44.088           ~ 107 1
123 PSR J1855-1436 Psr 18 55 54.2285156 -14 36 08.999863           ~ 14 0
124 PSR B1855+09 Psr 18 57 36.390620 +09 43 17.20712           DA 569 1
125 PSR J1858-2216 Psr 18 58 04.42 -22 19 13.7           ~ 39 0
126 PSR J1900+0308 Psr 19 00 50.5548 +03 08 24.079           ~ 9 0
127 PSR J1902+0300 Psr 19 01 59.6168 +03 00 23.324           ~ 6 0
128 PSR J1902-5105 Psr 19 02 02.8476 -51 05 56.969           ~ 64 0
129 PSR J1903-7051 Psr 19 03 38.783931 -70 51 43.58175           ~ 39 0
130 PSR J1906+0055 Psr 19 06 48.68051 +00 55 07.8860           ~ 7 0
131 PSR J1908+0128 Psr 19 08 18.80366 +01 28 22.7140           ~ 4 0
132 PSR J1909-3744 Psr 19 09 47.42820 -37 44 14.7740           ~ 343 2
133 PSR J1910+1256 Psr 19 10 09.701454 +12 56 25.48680           ~ 108 1
134 PSR J1911-11 Psr 19 11 49.2927 -11 14 22.330           ~ 87 1
135 PSR J1912-0952 Psr 19 12 12.2482 -09 52 51.748           ~ 3 0
136 PSR J1913+0618 Psr 19 13 17.8786 +06 18 08.277           ~ 5 0
137 PSR J1918-0642 Psr 19 18 48.027685 -06 42 34.95735           ~ 146 0
138 PSR J1921+1929 Psr 19 21 23.35070 +19 29 22.2990           ~ 19 0
139 PSR J1921+0137 Psr 19 21 30.2856445 +01 37 22.800093           ~ 25 0
140 PSR J1929+0132 Psr 19 29 42.52833 +01 32 46.5630           ~ 3 0
141 PSR J1930+2441 Psr 19 30 45.39844 +24 41 01.5640           ~ 6 0
142 PSR J1933+1726 Psr 19 33.0 +17 26           ~ 8 0
143 PSR J1933-6210 Psr 19 33 32.413330 -62 11 46.69324           ~ 48 0
144 PSR J1937+1658 Psr 19 37 24.90851 +16 58 42.5530           ~ 5 0
145 PSR J1938+2012 Psr 19 38 40.0803 +20 12 50.827           ~ 7 0
146 PSR J1938+6604 Psr 19 38 56.919 +66 04 31.70           ~ 6 0
147 PSR J1943+2210 Psr 19 43 53.77751 +22 10 33.9676           ~ 13 0
148 PSR J1949+3106 Psr 19 49 29.63851 +31 06 03.8289           ~ 42 0
149 PSR J1952+2630 Psr 19 52.6 +26 30           ~ 44 0
150 PSR B1953+29 Psr 19 55 27.8680959374 +29 08 43.499227152           ~ 303 1
151 PSR J1957+2516 Psr 19 57 34.6156739821 +25 16 02.246983345           ~ 23 0
152 PSR J1959+2048 Psr 19 59 36.7643141520 +20 48 14.896407996   21.08 20.16 19.53 18.79 G: 854 3
153 PSR J2001+0701 Psr 20 01 50.95896 +07 01 39.6450           ~ 2 0
154 PSR J2006+0148 Psr 20 06 29.0405274 +01 48 54.000206           ~ 23 0
155 PSR J2010+3051 Psr 20 10 03.9542 +30 51 18.892           ~ 6 0
156 PSR J2015+0756 Psr 20 15 59.59547 +07 56 36.0514           ~ 3 0
157 PSR J2017+0603 Psr 20 17 22.7048 +06 03 05.585           ~ 120 1
158 PSR J2019+24 Psr 20 19 31.94900 +24 25 15.3038           ~ 145 1
159 PSR J2022+2534 Psr 20 22 33.26 +25 34 42.5           ~ 6 0
160 PSR J2033+1736 Psr 20 33 16.9140266736 +17 37 48.047177388   11.59 10.50     ~ 76 0
161 3FGL J2038.8-3613 Bla 20 39 16.580827 -36 16 17.23958           ~ 24 0
162 PSR J2042+0246 Psr 20 42 00.0000000 +02 47 59.999828           ~ 23 0
163 PSR J2043+1711 Psr 20 43 20.8828 +17 11 28.941           ~ 129 1
164 V* LY Aqr Psr 20 51 07.52058 -08 27 37.6100           ~ 236 2
165 PSR J2053+4650 Psr 20 53 52.62804 +46 50 51.7181           ~ 17 0
166 PSR J2055+3829 Psr 20 55 10.3065540 +38 29 30.905710           ~ 22 0
167 PSR J2129-5718 Psr 21 29 22.781548 -57 21 14.33356           ~ 122 1
168 PSR B2145-07.8 Psr 21 45 50.45590 -07 50 18.5900           ~ 336 0
169 PSR J2214+3000 Psr 22 14 38.8480 +30 00 38.209           ~ 136 0
170 PSR J2215+51 Psr 22 15 32.6869149432 +51 35 36.400854912           ~ 176 0
171 PSR J2222-0137 Psr 22 22 06.00015 -01 37 15.7827           ~ 78 0
172 PSR J2229+26 Psr 22 29 50.883815 +26 43 57.61393           ~ 121 1
173 PSR J2234+0944 Psr 22 34 46.856913 +09 44 30.04150           ~ 82 0
174 PSR J2236-5527 Psr 22 36 51.8510 -55 27 48.833           ~ 12 0
175 PSR J2241-5236 Psr 22 41 42.03161 -52 36 36.2492           ~ 143 1
176 PSR J2302+4442 Psr 23 02 46.9789 +44 42 22.102           ~ 124 0
177 PSR J2317+1439 Psr 23 17 09.235606 +14 39 31.29559           ~ 211 1
178 PSR J2322-2650 Psr 23 22 34.638615 -26 50 58.38398           ~ 35 0
179 PSR J2339-0533 Psr 23 39 38.7412778376 -05 33 05.108592528     18.48     ~ 149 0
180 PSR J2355+0051 Psr 23 55 51.2885 +00 51 09.570           ~ 4 0
181 NAME Galactic Bulge reg ~ ~           ~ 4794 0

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