2025ApJ...994...86R


Query : 2025ApJ...994...86R

2025ApJ...994...86R - Astrophys. J., 994, 86 (2025/November-3)

Deciphering the Nature of Virgil: An Obscured Active Galactic Nucleus Lurking within an Apparently Normal Lyα Emitter during Cosmic Reionization.

RINALDI P., PEREZ-GONZALEZ P.G., RIEKE G.H., LYU J., D'EUGENIO F., WU Z., CARNIANI S., LOOSER T.J., SHIVAEI I., BOOGAARD L.A., DIAZ-SANTOS T., COLINA L., OSTLIN G., ALBERTS S., ALVAREZ-MARQUEZ J., ANNUZIATELLA M., ARAVENA M., BHATAWDEKAR R., BUNKER A.J., CAPUTI K.I., CHARLOT S., CRESPO GOMEZ A., CURTI M., ECKART A., GILLMAN S., HAINLINE K., KUMARI N., HJORTH J., IANI E., INAMI H., JI Z., JOHNSON B.D., JONES G.C., LABIANO A., MAIOLINO R., MELINDER J., MOUTARD T., PEISSKER F., RIEKE M., ROBERTSON B., SCHOLTZ J., TACCHELLA S., VAN DER WERF P.P., WALTER F., WILLIAMS C.C., WILLOTT C., WITSTOK J., UBLER H. and ZHU Y.

Abstract (from CDS):

We present a comprehensive analysis of the MIRI Extremely Red Object Virgil, a Lyα emitter at zspec = 6.6379 ± 0.0035 with the photometric properties of a Little Red Dot. Leveraging new JWST/MIRI imaging from the MIDIS and PAHSPECS programs, we confirm Virgil's extraordinary nature among galaxies in JADES/GOODS-South, exhibiting a strikingly red NIRCam-to-MIRI color (F444W-F1500W = 2.84 ± 0.04 mag). Deep NIRSpec/PRISM spectroscopy from the OASIS program offers key insights into the host galaxy, revealing properties of an average star-forming galaxy during Cosmic Reionization, such as a subsolar metallicity, low-to-moderate dust content, and a relatively high ionization parameter and electron temperature. By estimating the star formation rate of Virgil from UV and Hα, we find evidence that the galaxy is either entering or fading out of a bursty episode. Although line-ratio diagnostics employed at high z would classify Virgil as an active galactic nucleus (AGN), this classification becomes ambiguous once redshift evolution is considered. Nonetheless, Virgil occupies the same parameter space as recently confirmed AGNs at similar redshifts. The new deep MIRI data at 15 μm reinforce the AGN nature of Virgil, as inferred from multiple spectral energy distribution (SED) fitting codes. Virgil's rising infrared SED and UV excess resemble those of Dust-Obscured Galaxies (DOGs) studied with Spitzer at Cosmic Noon, particularly blue-excess HotDOGs. Our results highlight the need for a multiwavelength approach incorporating MIRI to uncover such extreme sources at z ≳ 6 and to shed light on the interplay between galaxy evolution and early black hole growth during Cosmic Reionization.

Abstract Copyright: © 2025. The Author(s). Published by the American Astronomical Society.

Journal keyword(s): Active galactic nuclei - High-redshift galaxies - Galaxy evolution - Near infrared astronomy - AGN host galaxies - Galaxy formation - Photoionization - Spectral energy distribution - Infrared astronomy - Galaxies - Infrared photometry

Simbad objects: 22

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Number of rows : 22
N Identifier Otype ICRS (J2000)
RA
ICRS (J2000)
DEC
Mag U Mag B Mag V Mag R Mag I Sp type #ref
1850 - 2026
#notes
1 [CFT2022] GHZ2 G 00 13 59.760 -30 19 29.07           ~ 91 0
2 ESO 350-38 Sy2 00 36 52.489 -33 33 17.23   14.31 14.41 13.49   ~ 450 0
3 NAME SMC G 00 52 38.0 -72 48 01   2.79 2.2     ~ 12317 1
4 CANDELS UDS F160W J021658.60-051444.9 AGN 02 16 58.6075 -05 14 44.949   27.627 27.056 26.958   ~ 26 0
5 JADES-GS NC 18044 EmG 03 32 17.8244 -27 53 09.316           ~ 18 0
6 [GFG2013b] 3073 EmG 03 32 18.9156 -27 53 02.748     27.77   25.1638 ~ 71 0
7 JADES-GS+053.08294-27.85563 EmG 03 32 19.905 -27 51 20.28           ~ 50 0
8 NAME GOODS Southern Field reg 03 32 28.0 -27 48 30           ~ 1623 1
9 JADES-GS NC 128771 EmG 03 32 35.971 -27 46 35.40           ~ 20 0
10 JADES-GS+053.15803-27.78632 EmG 03 32 37.91 -27 47 10.4           ~ 8 0
11 NAME Hubble Ultra Deep Field reg 03 32 39.0 -27 47 29           ~ 1900 0
12 JADES-GS NS 2773 EmG 03 32 39.921 -27 49 17.60           ~ 29 0
13 [CZC2013] MACS0647-JD G 06 47 50.0 +70 14 55           ~ 40 0
14 SMACS J0723.3-7327 ClG 07 23 13.3 -73 27 25           ~ 252 0
15 Z 31-36 Sy2 08 04 05.8608218112 +05 06 49.823376120   14.55 13.7     ~ 340 2
16 HSCS J120200.84-011846.5 G 12 02 00.84 -01 18 46.5           ~ 5 0
17 NGC 4507 Sy2 12 35 36.6338976888 -39 54 33.710416272   12.95 13.54 11.70 12.4 ~ 532 1
18 [OBV2016] GN-z11 EmG 12 36 25.46 +62 14 31.4           ~ 247 0
19 NAME SMM J123711+622212 rG 12 37 11.92 +62 22 12.1   27.1786 25.185   24.4196 ~ 237 0
20 FIRST J142648.9+332926 rG 14 26 48.9384 +33 29 27.256   25.22   24.24 23.29 ~ 16 0
21 ESO 138-1 Sy2 16 51 20.2789606296 -59 14 04.184655576   14.35 13.63 13.02   ~ 162 0
22 ULAS J231556.23+014350.3 QSO 23 15 56.236 +01 43 50.38           ~ 18 0

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