2025MNRAS.536.2536B

Query : 2025MNRAS.536.2536B

2025MNRAS.536.2536B - Mon. Not. R. Astron. Soc., 536, 2536-2557 (2025/January-3)

The multiple classes of ultra-diffuse galaxies: can we tell them apart?

BUZZO M.L., FORBES D.A., JARRETT T.H., MARLEAU F.R., DUC P.-A., BRODIE J.P., ROMANOWSKY A.J., FERRE-MATEU A., HILKER M., GANNON J.S., PFEFFER J. and HAACKE L.

Abstract (from CDS):

This study compiles stellar populations and internal properties of ultra-diffuse galaxies (UDGs) to highlight correlations with their local environment, globular cluster (GC) richness, and star formation histories. Complementing our sample of 88 UDGs, we include 36 low surface brightness dwarf galaxies with UDG-like properties, referred to as NUDGes (nearly UDGs). All galaxies were studied using the same spectral energy distribution fitting methodology to explore what sets UDGs apart from other galaxies. We show that NUDGes are similar to UDGs in all properties except for being, by definition, smaller and having higher surface brightness. We find that UDGs and NUDGes show similar behaviours in their GC populations, with the most metal-poor galaxies hosting consistently more GCs on average. This suggests that GC content may provide an effective way to distinguish extreme galaxies within the low surface brightness regime alongside traditional parameters like size and surface brightness. We confirm previous results using clustering algorithms that UDGs split into two main classes, which might be associated with the formation pathways of a puffy dwarf and a failed galaxy. The clustering applied to the UDGs + NUDGes data set yields an equivalent result. The difference in mass contained in the GC system suggests that galaxies in different environments have not simply evolved from one another but may have formed through distinct processes.

Abstract Copyright: © 2024 The Author(s). Published by Oxford University Press on behalf of Royal Astronomical Society.

Journal keyword(s): galaxies: formation - galaxies: fundamental parameters - galaxies: stellar content

Simbad objects: 98

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Number of rows : 98
N Identifier Otype ICRS (J2000)
RA 		ICRS (J2000)
DEC 		Mag U Mag B Mag V Mag R Mag I Sp type #ref
1850 - 2026 		#notes
1 NAME DGSAT I G 01 17 35.590 +33 31 42.37           ~ 48 0
2 AGC 114754 LSB 01 22 30.2 +08 45 41           ~ 9 0
3 NGC 502 GiG 01 22 55.5578695992 +09 02 57.040303668   13.8       ~ 91 0
4 MATLAS-49 LSB 01 23 03.5 +09 06 07           ~ 6 0
5 NGC 680 GiP 01 49 47.2923018240 +21 58 15.142526652   13.0       ~ 154 0
6 MATLAS-138 G 01 51 35.7 +22 17 38           ~ 5 0
7 SMDG J0239150-080657 LSB 02 39 15.11 -08 06 58.6     16.5   16.2 ~ 116 0
8 NGC 1052 Bla 02 41 04.79849989 -08 15 20.7519527 11.84 11.41 10.47 10.71   ~ 1397 2
9 LEDA 3097693 LSB 02 41 46.80 -08 24 09.3     16.2   15.8 ~ 183 0
10 MATLAS-203 G 02 49 00.0 -01 46 11           ~ 3 0
11 MATLAS-207 G 02 49 47.0 -01 10 39           ~ 5 0
12 NGC 1121 AG? 02 50 39.1813506744 -01 44 02.730478812   13.7       ~ 57 0
13 MATLAS-290 G 03 18 02.6 -01 39 12           ~ 4 0
14 NGC 1289 GiG 03 18 49.7937804216 -01 58 23.745958356   13.8       ~ 74 0
15 ACO 426 ClG 03 19 47.6 +41 30 54           ~ 2508 1
16 MATLAS-347 G 08 16 32.6 +58 11 24           ~ 4 0
17 NGC 2549 AG? 08 18 58.3507032336 +57 48 11.022298740   12.1       ~ 271 0
18 MATLAS-368 LSB 08 22 17.5 +22 54 31           ~ 6 0
19 NGC 2594 AG? 08 27 17.1616179576 +25 52 43.686523164   15.0       ~ 60 0
20 AGC 180737 LSB 08 28 18.102 +25 47 18.11           ~ 17 0
21 [GGS2018] 378 LSB 09 09 05.52 +04 59 42.9           ~ 3 0
22 NGC 2859 AG? 09 24 18.5266762368 +34 30 48.561305832   11.8       ~ 270 0
23 MATLAS-524 LSB 09 25 25.0 +34 23 57           ~ 6 0
24 Z 289-28 AGN 10 03 51.9487763664 +59 26 10.665521556   14.96 14.42     ~ 146 0
25 MATLAS-627 LSB 10 04 15.5 +59 02 29           ~ 6 0
26 MATLAS-682 G 10 22 21.0 +12 59 51           ~ 4 0
27 NGC 3230 LSB 10 23 43.9569304632 +12 34 03.913754088   14.9       ~ 66 0
28 MATLAS-787 LSB 10 50 54.2 +28 24 35           ~ 6 0
29 NGC 3414 GiC 10 51 16.2099174408 +27 58 30.297624852   12.1       ~ 353 0
30 MATLAS-791 LSB 10 51 35.5 +28 15 15           ~ 6 0
31 NGC 3640 GiG 11 21 06.852 +03 14 05.15 11.89 11.36 10.44     ~ 291 3
32 MATLAS-976 G 11 21 52.2 +03 14 27           ~ 5 0
33 MATLAS-987 LSB 11 22 46.7 +38 27 35           ~ 7 0
34 NGC 3658 GiG 11 23 58.2657360576 +38 33 44.359464384   13.3       ~ 88 0
35 NGC 4036 LIN 12 01 26.7603659808 +61 53 44.625848784   12.18 11.20     ~ 282 0
36 MATLAS-1154 LSB 12 01 36.0 +61 50 10           ~ 6 0
37 [GGS2018] 490 LSB 12 07 43.81 +01 10 19.6           ~ 3 0
38 NGC 4259 GiP 12 19 22.2081135384 +05 22 35.021735076   14.5       ~ 99 0
39 LEDA 39758 LSB 12 20 03.557 +05 43 14.22   21       ~ 12 0
40 LEDA 39788 AG? 12 20 16.1696620200 +05 02 21.101346456           ~ 16 0
41 LEDA 40932 LSB 12 27 55.286 +12 22 12.12           ~ 28 0
42 LEDA 41311 LSB 12 30 23.8 +13 58 56   20       ~ 83 0
43 NAME Virgo Cluster ClG 12 30 47.8 +12 23 07           ~ 7107 0
44 LEDA 42498 G 12 40 50.986 +07 55 50.95   19       ~ 15 0
45 MATLAS-1408 LSB 12 41 11.2 -05 05 52           ~ 7 0
46 LEDA 42555 LSB 12 41 19.063 +02 06 00.41           ~ 10 0
47 LEDA 42587 LSB 12 41 39.36 +09 12 33.7   21       ~ 17 0
48 NGC 4623 GiG 12 42 10.6913697096 +07 40 37.130799216   13.24       ~ 210 1
49 MATLAS-1437 LSB 12 42 54.9 +02 15 09           ~ 6 0
50 NGC 4643 LIN 12 43 20.1435647088 +01 58 41.716062264   11.9       ~ 286 0
51 MATLAS-1470 G 12 44 55.6 +02 17 46           ~ 4 0
52 NGC 4664 GiG 12 45 06.0013449504 +03 03 20.738321784   11.50 10.50     ~ 179 1
53 LEDA 3348944 G 12 46 49.4526715128 +02 42 48.261583836           ~ 10 0
54 SMDG J1256297+282640 LSB 12 56 29.678 +28 26 40.47     19.86 20.60   ~ 13 0
55 SDSS J125700.89+273155.1 LSB 12 57 00.890 +27 31 55.17   21.51 20.37 20.29 20.3 ~ 13 0
56 SMDG J1257017+282325 LSB 12 57 01.687 +28 23 24.73     19.14 18.50   ~ 31 0
57 SDSS J125801.11+271126.4 LSB 12 58 01.119 +27 11 26.47   20.66 20.02 19.68   ~ 19 0
58 [ARF2020] COMA 24 4030 LSB 12 59 09.528 +29 00 24.47     20.28 19.98   ~ 18 0
59 SDSS J125914.44+280217.4 LSB 12 59 14.446 +28 02 17.44   20.67   19.78 19.8 ~ 19 0
60 SMDG J1259238+274727 LSB 12 59 23.85 +27 47 27.2   21.16 20.23 19.82   ~ 15 0
61 ACO 1656 ClG 12 59 44.40 +27 54 44.9           ~ 5141 2
62 SMDG J1259487+274639 LSB 12 59 48.72 +27 46 39.0   21.88 20.46 20.07   ~ 18 0
63 GMP 2748 LSB 13 00 20.61 +27 47 12.3   20.15 19.20 18.76   ~ 27 0
64 GMP 2641 LSB 13 00 29.198 +27 59 24.62   21.37 20.52 20.18 20.2 ~ 14 0
65 SMDG J1300473+264700 LSB 13 00 47.280 +26 46 59.30     20.73 20.07   ~ 13 0
66 SMDG J1300580+265835 LSB 13 00 57.996 +26 58 34.72     19.37 18.43   ~ 145 0
67 [ARF2020] COMA 10 4551 LSB 13 01 05.30 +27 09 35.1     20.51 19.75   ~ 11 0
68 GMP 2175 LSB 13 01 15.845 +27 12 38.62     19.41 18.58   ~ 47 0
69 SMDG J1301303+282229 LSB 13 01 30.341 +28 22 28.55     20.25 20.20   ~ 21 0
70 SMDG J1301582+275012 LSB 13 01 58.205 +27 50 11.91     19.89 19.45   ~ 61 0
71 SMDG J1302165+285717 LSB 13 02 16.601 +28 57 16.76     20.06 19.81   ~ 17 0
72 SMDG J1302334+283452 LSB 13 02 33.4 +28 34 51           ~ 12 0
73 MATLAS-1530 G 13 27 10.5 +46 37 57           ~ 4 0
74 MATLAS-1539 G 13 29 41.3 +46 38 38           ~ 4 0
75 NGC 5198 GiP 13 30 11.3858465016 +46 40 14.667297420   13.2       ~ 189 0
76 MATLAS-1545 LSB 13 31 11.5 +46 48 58           ~ 8 0
77 NGC 5308 GiP 13 47 00.4361008824 +60 58 23.334066588   12.5       ~ 217 0
78 MATLAS-1577 G 13 48 13.4 +60 53 09           ~ 4 0
79 NGC 5322 SyG 13 49 15.24 +60 11 25.8   11.3       ~ 432 2
80 MATLAS-1618 G 13 52 33.2 +60 42 54           ~ 3 0
81 NGC 5355 GiP 13 53 45.5694778488 +40 20 19.254210180   14.0   13.08   ~ 126 0
82 MATLAS-1662 GiG 13 55 00.6 +40 03 18       19.61   ~ 5 0
83 MATLAS-1667 LSB 13 55 16.6 +59 44 49           ~ 6 0
84 NGC 5379 GiP 13 55 34.347 +59 44 34.17   14.1       ~ 108 0
85 NGC 5481 AG? 14 06 41.2682134344 +50 43 23.823257124   13.5       ~ 136 0
86 MATLAS-1740 G 14 07 38.2 +50 30 18           ~ 5 0
87 MATLAS-1801 LSB 14 16 18.8 +36 23 32           ~ 6 0
88 NGC 5557 GiG 14 18 25.708 +36 29 37.28   12.2       ~ 237 0
89 NGC 5631 Sy2 14 26 33.2913328320 +56 34 57.424681848   13.51 12.55     ~ 204 0
90 MATLAS-1888 LSB 14 29 33.7 +56 31 26           ~ 6 0
91 LEDA 3350778 AG? 15 00 33.024 +02 13 49.18       16.22   ~ 18 0
92 NGC 5813 LIN 15 01 11.2302420864 +01 42 07.141569696 12.00 11.45 10.46 10.06   ~ 673 2
93 NGC 5845 GiG 15 06 00.7823239488 +01 38 01.704838596   13.8 11.20 12.06 9.94 ~ 403 0
94 MATLAS-2069 GiG 15 06 41.1 +01 26 09       19.84   ~ 4 0
95 SMDG J1551233+431821 LSB 15 51 23.36 +43 18 20.6           ~ 5 0
96 NGC 7454 GiG 23 01 06.5120307216 +16 23 18.484008792   13.6       ~ 157 0
97 MATLAS-2176 G 23 01 45.0 +16 27 22           ~ 4 0
98 NAME Local Group GrG ~ ~           ~ 9325 0

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