2025MNRAS.538.1063H

We present a comprehensive analysis of the complex subpulse modulation patterns in PSR J1514-4834 (B1510-48) using L-band data from the Thousand-Pulsar-Array (TPA) programme, complemented with further MeerKAT UHF-band data. We demonstrate that periodic drifting subpulses and rapid amplitude modulation with a period of about two pulse periods co-exist. It is established that these two periodic emission patterns interfere in the form of a beat system, giving rise to multiple spectral features. We develop a new methodology which confirms the expected correlations in the complex phase of the beat features in a two-dimensional Fourier transform of the data. Therefore, a relatively simple beat system can explain the complex single-pulse behaviour of this pulsar. The simultaneous coexistence of multiple subpulse modulation periodicities is rare in the population and points to poorly understood intricate dynamics within pulsar magnetospheres. A comparison with PSR B0943$+$10 is made, for which the coexistence of multiple periodicities has been argued to be a natural consequence of a rotating carousel. However, our observations of PSR J1514-4834 require a different explanation, involving time-delayed interactions between separate regions of the magnetosphere. The developed phase correlation methodology opens up the route for underlying beat systems in the modulation patterns of more pulsars.