2025MNRAS.538.3104L

Query : 2025MNRAS.538.3104L

2025MNRAS.538.3104L - Mon. Not. R. Astron. Soc., 538, 3104-3129 (2025/April-3)

The ubiquity of variable radio emission and spin-down rates in pulsars.

LOWER M.E., KARASTERGIOU A., JOHNSTON S., BROOK P.R., DAI S., KERR M., MANCHESTER R.N., OSWALD L.S., SHANNON R.M., SOBEY C. and WELTEVREDE P.

Abstract (from CDS):

Pulsars are often lauded for their (relative) rotational and radio emission stability over long time-scales. However, long-term observing programmes are identifying an increasing number of pulsars that deviate from this preconceived notion. Using Gaussian process regression and Bayesian inference techniques, we investigated the emission and rotational stability of 259 isolated radio pulsars that have been monitored using Murriyang, the Parkes 64 m radio telescope, over the past three decades. We found that 238 pulsars display significant variability in their spin-down rates, 52 of which also exhibit changes in profile shape. Including 23 known state-switching pulsars, this represents the largest catalogue of variable pulsars identified to date and indicates that these behaviours are ubiquitous among the wider population. The intensity of spin-down fluctuations positively scales with increasing pulsar spin-down rate, with only a marginal dependence on spin-frequency. This may have substantial implications for ongoing searches for gravitational waves in the ensemble timing of millisecond pulsars. We also discuss challenges in explaining the physical origins of quasi-periodic and transient profile/spin-down variations detected among a subset of our pulsars.

Abstract Copyright: © 2025 The Author(s). Published by Oxford University Press on behalf of Royal Astronomical Society.

Journal keyword(s): radiation mechanisms: non-thermal - stars: neutron - pulsars: general

Status at CDS : Large table(s) will be appraised for possible ingestion in VizieR.

Simbad objects: 106

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Number of rows : 106
N Identifier Otype ICRS (J2000)
RA 		ICRS (J2000)
DEC 		Mag U Mag B Mag V Mag R Mag I Sp type #ref
1850 - 2026 		#notes
1 PSR B0031-07 Psr 00 34 08.9100 -07 21 56.000           ~ 350 0
2 PSR J0108-1431 Psr 01 08 08.29 -14 31 48.5           ~ 113 0
3 PSR J0134-2937 Psr 01 34 18.69390 -29 37 17.1570           ~ 60 0
4 PSR B0254-53 Psr 02 55 56.2925 -53 04 21.275           ~ 71 0
5 PSR B0540-69 Psr 05 40 11.2000490438 -69 19 54.198559829           ~ 976 3
6 PSR B0540+23 Psr 05 43 09.65 +23 29 06.1     14.40     ~ 278 0
7 PSR B0611+22 Psr 06 14 17.0324288405 +22 29 57.017874999           ~ 285 0
8 PSR J0627+0706 Psr 06 27 44.17200 +07 06 33.0000           ~ 33 0
9 PSR B0628-28 Psr 06 30 49.35000 -28 34 42.1000           ~ 313 1
10 PSR J0631+10 Psr 06 31 27.369 +10 37 05.63           ~ 152 0
11 PSR J0729-1448 Psr 07 29 16.45 -14 48 36.8           ~ 71 0
12 PSR B0727-18 Psr 07 29 32.2900 -18 36 42.210           ~ 102 0
13 PSR B0736-40 Psr 07 38 32.2620 -40 42 39.420           ~ 212 0
14 PSR B0740-28 Psr 07 42 49.0730 -28 22 43.510           ~ 445 0
15 PSR B0818-41 Psr 08 20 15.46000 -41 14 35.2000           ~ 100 0
16 PSR B0818-13 Psr 08 20 26.40700 -13 50 56.3200           ~ 229 0
17 NAME Vela Pulsar Psr 08 35 20.65525 -45 10 35.1545     15.10     ~ 2446 1
18 PSR B0835-41 Psr 08 37 21.1943 -41 35 14.563     12.69     ~ 149 0
19 PSR B0906-49 Psr 09 08 35.46000 -49 13 05.0000           ~ 168 0
20 SNR G270.4-01.0 SNR 09 09 -49.3           ~ 3 0
21 PSR J0940-5428 Psr 09 40 58.22 -54 28 40.6           ~ 61 0
22 PSR B0940-55 Psr 09 42 14.88000 -55 52 55.1000           ~ 101 0
23 PSR B0959-54 Psr 10 01 37.85000 -55 07 07.8000           ~ 113 0
24 PSR B1046-58 Psr 10 48 13.10000 -58 32 03.0000           ~ 293 0
25 PSR B1054-62 Psr 10 56 25.5840 -62 58 47.690           ~ 94 0
26 PSR B1055-52 Psr 10 57 59.0450 -52 26 56.330           ~ 757 0
27 PSR J1105-6107 Psr 11 05 26.1400 -61 07 48.940           ~ 129 0
28 PSR B1133-55 Psr 11 36 02.23540 -55 25 06.8430           ~ 56 0
29 PSR B1221-63 Psr 12 24 22.2740 -64 07 53.834           ~ 122 0
30 PSR B1240-64 Psr 12 43 17.2912183824 -64 23 23.082548820           ~ 119 0
31 PSR B1303-66 Psr 13 06 38.12000 -66 17 21.2000           ~ 38 0
32 PSR B1322-66 Psr 13 26 02.70600 -67 00 50.1000           ~ 55 0
33 PSR B1323-58 Psr 13 26 58.2170 -58 59 29.290           ~ 82 0
34 PSR J1327-6301 Psr 13 27 07.43200 -63 01 15.5100           ~ 36 0
35 PSR J1327-6400 Psr 13 27 10.27 -64 00 13.1           ~ 23 0
36 PSR B1323-62 Psr 13 27 17.1760 -62 22 45.460           ~ 100 0
37 PSR B1325-43 Psr 13 28 06.41980 -43 57 44.5000           ~ 79 0
38 PSR J1352-6803 Psr 13 52 34.44 -68 03 36.8           ~ 19 0
39 PSR B1356-60 Psr 13 59 58.2480 -60 38 07.550           ~ 131 0
40 PSR B1358-63 Psr 14 01 52.45000 -63 57 42.0000           ~ 83 0
41 PSR J1418-3921 Psr 14 18 50.28000 -39 21 18.6000           ~ 27 0
42 PSR B1424-55 Psr 14 28 26.24000 -55 30 50.0600           ~ 52 0
43 PSR B1426-66 Psr 14 30 40.73200 -66 23 05.5460           ~ 102 0
44 PSR B1449-64 Psr 14 53 32.6546 -64 13 16.047           ~ 158 0
45 PSR B1451-68 Psr 14 56 00.0175876848 -68 43 40.034742348           ~ 203 0
46 3A 1510-590 Psr 15 13 17.000 -59 04 54.00           ~ 434 3
47 PSR B1509-58 Psr 15 13 47.6 -59 07 54     13.06     ~ 879 1
48 PSR J1514-5925 Psr 15 14 59.10 -59 25 43.3           ~ 26 0
49 PSR B1530-53.9 Psr 15 34 33.59000 -54 05 40.5000           ~ 34 0
50 PSR J1548-5607 Psr 15 48 43.8746461512 -56 07 35.458209840           ~ 30 0
51 PSR B1556-44 Psr 15 59 41.5290 -44 38 45.740           ~ 140 0
52 PSR B1556-57 Psr 16 00 19.93 -57 51 14.7           ~ 45 0
53 PSR B1557-50 Psr 16 00 53.0150 -50 44 21.300           ~ 119 0
54 PSR J1601-5335 Psr 16 01 54.91 -53 35 43.2           ~ 25 0
55 PSR B1558-50 Psr 16 02 18.7300 -51 00 06.100           ~ 104 0
56 PSR B1600-49 Psr 16 04 22.9760 -49 09 57.980     13.00     ~ 83 0
57 PSR B1607-52 Psr 16 11 03.20 -52 09 23.6           ~ 48 0
58 PSR J1626-4807 Psr 16 26 42.5 -48 07 54           ~ 16 0
59 PSR J1637-4642 Psr 16 37 13.77 -46 42 15.0           ~ 40 0
60 PSR J1638-4608 Psr 16 38 22.98 -46 08 11.6           ~ 31 0
61 PSR J1638-4417 Psr 16 38 46.22 -44 17 03.6           ~ 22 0
62 PSR B1641-45 Psr 16 44 49.28482 -45 59 09.6360     12.60     ~ 217 0
63 PSR B1642-03 Psr 16 45 02.0330 -03 17 57.200           ~ 394 0
64 PSR B1643-43 Psr 16 46 50.86 -43 45 53.7           ~ 77 1
65 PSR J1649-4653 Psr 16 49 24.5 -46 53 09           ~ 26 0
66 PSR J1702-4305 Psr 17 02 27.290 -43 06 44.00           ~ 18 1
67 PSR B1700-32 Psr 17 03 22.51400 -32 41 48.5000           ~ 117 0
68 PSR J1703-4902 Psr 17 03 54.54100 -48 52 01.0400           ~ 42 0
69 PSR J1705-3950 Psr 17 05 29.84 -39 50 59.0           ~ 45 0
70 PSR B1702-19 Psr 17 05 36.09300 -19 06 39.2000           ~ 191 1
71 PSR B1706-16 Psr 17 09 26.45200 -16 40 59.2000           ~ 247 0
72 PSR J1716-4005 Psr 17 16 42.06 -40 05 27.0           ~ 12 0
73 PSR B1714-34 Psr 17 17 20.30000 -34 25 00.3100           ~ 55 0
74 PSR J1717-5800 Psr 17 17 35.65 -58 00 05.4           ~ 26 0
75 PSR B1713-40 Psr 17 17 52.31000 -41 03 13.0000           ~ 42 0
76 PSR B1718-36 Psr 17 22 09.817 -36 32 53.30           ~ 35 0
77 PSR B1719-37 Psr 17 22 59.17000 -37 12 03.0000           ~ 107 0
78 PSR J1726-3530 Psr 17 26 07.51 -35 29 58.0           ~ 37 0
79 PSR B1731-33.5 Psr 17 34 26.6 -33 33 22           ~ 104 1
80 PSR J1739-3023 Psr 17 39 39.85 -30 23 11.2           ~ 54 0
81 PSR B1737-39 Psr 17 41 18.07900 -39 27 38.1200           ~ 78 0
82 PSR B1742-30 Psr 17 45 56.30810 -30 40 23.3000           ~ 182 0
83 PSR B1747-46 Psr 17 51 42.18500 -46 57 26.7200           ~ 124 0
84 PSR B1749-28 Psr 17 52 58.70700 -28 06 36.0000           ~ 277 1
85 PSR J1801-2154 Psr 18 01 08.3 -21 54 32           ~ 18 0
86 PSR J1806-2124 Psr 18 06 19.59 -21 25 40.0           ~ 42 0
87 PSR B1804-08 Psr 18 07 38.02590 -08 47 43.2800           ~ 139 0
88 PSR J1816-2650 Psr 18 16 35.39900 -26 49 53.0000           ~ 59 0
89 PSR B1818-04 Psr 18 20 52.5920 -04 27 37.120           ~ 230 0
90 PSR B1821-19 Psr 18 24 00.43600 -19 45 44.5000           ~ 101 0
91 PSR B1822-14 Psr 18 25 02.927 -14 46 52.60           ~ 92 0
92 PSR B1822-09 Psr 18 25 30.62000 -09 35 22.0000           ~ 382 0
93 PSR B1826-17 Psr 18 29 43.15000 -17 51 13.0000           ~ 136 0
94 PSR B1828-10 Psr 18 30 47.566 -10 59 27.90           ~ 190 1
95 PSR B1830-08 Psr 18 33 40.24500 -08 27 30.9000           ~ 155 1
96 PSR J1835-0944 Psr 18 35 46.7 -09 44 29           ~ 22 0
97 PSR B1842-04 Psr 18 45 34.709 -04 34 29.80           ~ 45 0
98 PSR J1853-0004 Psr 18 53 23.02 -00 04 32.3           ~ 46 0
99 PSR J1853+0011 Psr 18 53 29.97 +00 11 29.7           ~ 17 0
100 PSR B1911-04 Psr 19 13 54.16240 -04 40 47.5600           ~ 192 0
101 PSR J1933+2421 Psr 19 33 37.83 +24 36 39.6           ~ 157 0
102 PSR B1937+21.4 Psr 19 39 38.560096 +21 34 59.13552           ~ 1142 0
103 PSR B1937-26 Psr 19 41 00.41690 -26 02 05.8840           ~ 84 0
104 PSR J2043+2740 Psr 20 43 43.5 +27 40 56           ~ 137 0
105 PSR B2045-16 Psr 20 48 35.74000 -16 16 45.0000           ~ 344 0
106 PSR J2347-0612 Psr 23 46 50.54000 -06 10 01.0400           ~ 68 0

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