2025MNRAS.539.2583R

Query : 2025MNRAS.539.2583R

2025MNRAS.539.2583R - Mon. Not. R. Astron. Soc., 539, 2583-2607 (2025/May-3)

2D surface brightness modelling of large 2MASS galaxies II: the role of classical bulges and pseudobulges on galaxy scaling relations and its implication for supermassive black hole formation.

RIOS-LOPEZ E., LOPEZ-CRUZ O., ANORVE C., VALERDI M., DUFRANE V.R. and RODRIGUEZ-HERNANDEZ E.A.

Abstract (from CDS):

We have generated 2D-multicomponent surface brightness (SB) modelling for 100 galaxies in the Large Galaxy Atlas (LGA) together with 19 nearby cD galaxies using the near-infrared (NIR) images from 2MASS ($J, H, {\, \rm and}\, K_s$). Our final sample of 119 galaxies includes cD galaxies, Virgo cluster galaxies, group galaxies, and field galaxies. We revisited known scaling relations (SRs) involving structural parameters, as well as those involving supermassive black holes (SMBHs) and ultramassive black holes (UMBHs). Refining the SRs, we also revisited the bulge classification and considered the fundamental plane (FP) and its projections, as well as other SRs, such as the colour-magnitude relation (CMR), Tully-Fisher relation (TFR), and luminosity concentration relation (LCR). Classical bulges follow the same relations as elliptical galaxies, while pseudobulges are usually outliers. The NIR colours of classical bulges and pseudobulges indicate that their ages are not radically different despite their spread in luminosity, but we noticed that classical bulges are more luminous than pseudobulges therefore this property provides a complementary bulge classification criterion. We included pseudobulges from other studies to strengthen the tendencies seen for pseudobulges in our sample. From the SRs for BHs, we found that pseudobulges do not follow SRs for early-type galaxies and classical bulges. Additionally, the lack of correlation between BHs and discs may indicate these structures have not coevolved. From the revision of SRs, we present a sample of galaxies likely to host SMBHs or UMBHs, which are suitable for dynamical BH mass determination from the ground.

Abstract Copyright: © 2025 The Author(s). Published by Oxford University Press on behalf of Royal Astronomical Society.

Journal keyword(s): galaxies: bulges - galaxies: disc - galaxies: elliptical and lenticular, cD - quasars: supermassive black holes - galaxies: structure

Simbad objects: 90

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Number of rows : 90
N Identifier Otype ICRS (J2000)
RA 		ICRS (J2000)
DEC 		Mag U Mag B Mag V Mag R Mag I Sp type #ref
1850 - 2026 		#notes
1 M 110 GiG 00 40 22.0572349992 +41 41 07.507220136   8.92 8.07     ~ 1370 1
2 UGC 428 rG 00 40 28.2764694864 +29 33 21.486305592   16.0       ~ 31 0
3 ACO 77 ClG 00 40 34.2 +29 31 27           ~ 76 0
4 ACO 85 ClG 00 41 36.21 -09 19 30.4           ~ 974 0
5 MCG-02-02-086 rG 00 41 50.45002 -09 18 11.4633   14 13.52 12.94   ~ 154 1
6 M 32 GiG 00 42 41.82480 +40 51 54.6120 9.51 9.03 8.08     ~ 2236 2
7 M 31 AGN 00 42 44.330 +41 16 07.50 4.86 4.36 3.44     ~ 13622 1
8 NGC 253 SyG 00 47 33.134 -25 17 19.68   8.03   6.94 8.1 ~ 3588 2
9 ACO 150 ClG 01 09 14 +13 10.0           ~ 57 0
10 Z 436-4 BiC 01 09 18.448 +13 10 09.02   15.7       ~ 28 0
11 M 33 GiG 01 33 50.8965749232 +30 39 36.630403128 6.17 6.27 5.72     ~ 6226 1
12 NGC 613 AGN 01 34 18.235 -29 25 06.56   10.77 12.71 9.50 10.6 ~ 446 3
13 ACO 261 ClG 01 51 26 -02 14.2           ~ 46 0
14 MCG+00-05-040 BiC 01 51 27.2163836496 -02 15 31.690295352   15   13.39   ~ 26 0
15 UGCA 34 GiG 02 36 35.4662282832 +59 39 17.507008584   17       ~ 198 2
16 NGC 1097 LIN 02 46 19.059 -30 16 29.68 10.46 9.97 9.48 8.72 9.8 ~ 1448 3
17 MCG+02-08-039 BiC 02 57 53.087 +13 01 50.87   16.5       ~ 21 0
18 ACO 399 ClG 02 57 56.4 +13 00 59           ~ 420 0
19 ACO 401 ClG 02 58 50.3 +13 34 07           ~ 592 0
20 MCG+02-08-044 BiC 02 58 57.8089566792 +13 34 58.033575084   15.24       ~ 28 0
21 NGC 1269 EmG 03 17 18.5785534752 -41 06 28.628735184 9.85 9.83 8.81 8.72   ~ 445 1
22 NGC 1316 rG 03 22 41.789 -37 12 29.52 9.81 9.15 8.53 7.66   ~ 1491 1
23 NGC 1365 Sy1 03 33 36.458 -36 08 26.37 10.48 10.08 9.63 8.79 9.7 ~ 1987 2
24 IC 342 AGN 03 46 48.514 +68 05 45.98   10.5       ~ 1579 1
25 NGC 1549 GiP 04 15 45.223 -55 35 32.50 11.22 10.48 9.79 9.08   ~ 255 1
26 MCG-02-12-039 rG 04 33 37.8465077496 -13 15 42.989961204   13.95 14.22     ~ 104 2
27 ACO 496 ClG 04 33 40.8 -13 14 34           ~ 728 2
28 NGC 1672 SyG 04 45 42.552 -59 14 50.68 10.29 10.53 9.68 9.53 10.2 ~ 461 2
29 2MASX J09083238-0937470 BiC 09 08 32.388 -09 37 47.06   14.32   13.32   ~ 41 2
30 ACO 754 ClG 09 09 14.8 -09 40 35           ~ 695 1
31 2MASX J09091923-0941591 BiC 09 09 19.2004483464 -09 41 59.088641460   14   14.05   ~ 30 0
32 NGC 2768 SyG 09 11 37.504 +60 02 13.95 11.30 10.84 9.87     ~ 526 2
33 NGC 2832 LIN 09 19 46.853 +33 44 59.07   13.3 13.17     ~ 274 3
34 ACO 779 ClG 09 20 02.70 +33 45 29.7           ~ 261 0
35 NGC 2903 AGN 09 32 10.111 +21 30 02.99 10.44 9.75 9.07 8.68   ~ 1204 3
36 NGC 2985 Sy2 09 50 22.233 +72 16 43.13   11.37 10.61     ~ 269 1
37 M 81 Sy2 09 55 33.1726556496 +69 03 55.062505368   7.89 6.94     ~ 4725 3
38 NGC 3115 GiG 10 05 13.9270507008 -07 43 06.982712292   11   9.37   ~ 1067 2
39 Z 8-75 BiC 10 13 38.2582731024 -00 55 31.510821720   13.68       ~ 71 2
40 ACO 957 ClG 10 14 02.35 -00 53 30.0           ~ 225 2
41 M 95 GiP 10 43 57.7313485800 +11 42 13.301191332 10.71 10.51 9.73 9.48   ~ 1238 2
42 M 96 GiP 10 46 45.744 +11 49 11.78 10.42 10.15 9.25 8.99   ~ 862 1
43 NGC 3377 GiP 10 47 42.400 +13 59 08.30 11.55 11.24 10.38     ~ 798 1
44 M 105 LIN 10 47 49.600 +12 34 53.87   10.56 9.76 9.12 8.18 ~ 1504 0
45 NGC 3551 BiC 11 09 44.4516794880 +21 45 32.140238112   14.8       ~ 64 1
46 ACO 1177 ClG 11 09 47.07 +21 46 48.7           ~ 103 1
47 NGC 3675 GiG 11 26 08.5641089832 +43 35 09.587062464   11.04   9.57   ~ 300 1
48 NGC 3953 GiG 11 53 49.0086582552 +52 19 36.475395312   11.08   9.71   ~ 380 0
49 ACO 1413 ClG 11 55 12.87 +23 23 46.9           ~ 456 0
50 MCG+04-28-097 BiC 11 55 17.985 +23 24 17.72   19.5       ~ 29 1
51 NGC 4125 GiP 12 08 06.017 +65 10 26.88 11.14 10.65 9.72     ~ 448 2
52 M 106 Sy2 12 18 57.620 +47 18 13.39   9.14 8.41 8.11   ~ 2512 4
53 M 61 Sy2 12 21 54.9282582888 +04 28 25.597367184 10.07 10.18 9.65     ~ 1084 1
54 M 100 AGN 12 22 54.9299993592 +15 49 20.296257960 10.04 10.05 9.35     ~ 1963 2
55 NGC 4365 GiG 12 24 28.228 +07 19 03.07   11.5       ~ 871 0
56 M 85 GiP 12 25 24.053 +18 11 27.89   10.2       ~ 678 0
57 M 86 GiG 12 26 11.814 +12 56 45.49 10.32 9.83 8.90   7.50 ~ 1126 1
58 M 49 Sy2 12 29 46.8 +08 00 01   13.21 12.17     ~ 2174 2
59 M 87 AGN 12 30 49.42338414 +12 23 28.0436859 10.16 9.59 8.63   7.49 ~ 7815 3
60 M 88 Sy2 12 31 59.1525062448 +14 25 13.148971824   14.33 13.18     ~ 843 1
61 NGC 4526 GiC 12 34 03.02853 +07 41 56.9040   10.6       ~ 707 0
62 M 91 LIN 12 35 26.4446761320 +14 29 46.760333748   14.63 13.57     ~ 639 0
63 M 58 Sy2 12 37 43.59747 +11 49 05.1240 10.80 10.48 9.66     ~ 1140 2
64 M 104 LIN 12 39 59.43185902 -11 37 22.9961800 9.51 9.55 8.00 8.05   ~ 1465 2
65 NGC 4636 LIN 12 42 49.8333280080 +02 41 15.951929028   12.62 11.84     ~ 1156 1
66 M 60 GiC 12 43 39.9708251934 +11 33 09.688174067   10.3       ~ 1395 1
67 NGC 4697 GiG 12 48 35.8981498824 -05 48 02.482374564   10.97   9.83   ~ 895 0
68 M 64 SyG 12 56 43.696 +21 40 57.57   9.36 8.52     ~ 1010 2
69 NGC 4839 BiC 12 57 24.3563164776 +27 29 52.203087132 13.56 13.02 12.06     ~ 482 3
70 NGC 4874 LIN 12 59 35.7093764280 +27 57 33.293892204 13.01 13.7 12.71 12.27 11.386 ~ 814 3
71 ACO 1656 ClG 12 59 44.40 +27 54 44.9           ~ 5141 2
72 NGC 4889 EmG 13 00 08.097 +27 58 37.29 12.93 13.0 11.30 11.652 10.906 ~ 742 1
73 NGC 4945 Sy2 13 05 27.279 -49 28 04.44   9.31 14.40 7.55   ~ 1582 2
74 NGC 4976 GiG 13 08 37.526 -49 30 23.07   11.05 10.20     ~ 105 1
75 NGC 5005 LIN 13 10 56.312 +37 03 32.19   14.67 13.67     ~ 567 2
76 M 63 LIN 13 15 49.2741893928 +42 01 45.728076108   9.34 8.59 8.35   ~ 1292 2
77 NGC 5084 Sy2 13 20 16.923 -21 49 39.28   11.15 12.21 9.84 10.5 ~ 192 1
78 NGC 5102 EmG 13 21 57.6100832352 -36 37 48.395156160   9.74 9.65 8.47 10.2 ~ 389 1
79 M 51 Sy2 13 29 52.698 +47 11 42.93   9.26 8.36 8.40   ~ 4565 4
80 M 83 SBG 13 37 00.91920 -29 51 56.7400 8.85 8.11 7.52 7.21   ~ 2778 2
81 M 101 GiP 14 03 12.583 +54 20 55.50   8.46 7.86 7.76   ~ 3138 2
82 NGC 5778 rG 14 54 31.4984540808 +18 38 32.499862620   15.6       ~ 68 3
83 ACO 1991 ClG 14 54 41.53 +18 38 08.4           ~ 349 1
84 ACO 2029 ClG 15 10 54.2 +05 44 23           ~ 1020 0
85 IC 1101 rG 15 10 56.100 +05 44 41.19   15.10       ~ 165 2
86 ACO 2199 ClG 16 28 34.5 +39 32 26           ~ 1206 1
87 NGC 6166 Sy2 16 28 38.24470063 +39 33 04.2335319   12.78 11.78     ~ 793 2
88 NGC 6503 LIN 17 49 26.4207792072 +70 08 39.604132176 11.56 10.95 10.28 9.92   ~ 551 1
89 NGC 7582 Sy2 23 18 23.60 -42 22 13.3 11.62 10.92 10.62     ~ 978 3
90 IC 5328 AG? 23 33 16.3995184104 -45 00 57.131035308   12.21 11.03 10.82   ~ 99 0

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