2025MNRAS.541.2917P


Query : 2025MNRAS.541.2917P

2025MNRAS.541.2917P - Mon. Not. R. Astron. Soc., 541, 2917-2933 (2025/August-3)

Line ratio identification of external photoevaporation.

PEAKE T., HAWORTH T.J., ARU M.-L. and HENNEY W.J.

Abstract (from CDS):

External photoevaporation of protoplanetary discs, by massive O stars in stellar clusters, is thought to be a significant process in the evolution of a disc. It has been shown to result in significant mass loss and disc truncation, ultimately reducing the lifetime of the discs, and possibly affecting potential planet populations. It is a well-studied process in the Orion Nebula Cluster (ONC) where the cometary morphology of proplyds is spatially resolvable due to its proximity to Earth. However, we need to study external photoevaporation in additional stellar clusters to better understand its prevalence and significance more globally. Unfortunately, more massive stellar clusters where the majority of stars form are much farther away than the ONC. In these more distant clusters the proplyds are spatially unresolvable with current facilities, hence the cometary morphology is not a useful identification of external photoevaporation. Therefore, in order to identify and interpret external photoevaporation, the only observations we have are of spatially unresolved emission lines. To resolve this issue we have used the CLOUDY code to develop an approximate general model of the emission lines emanating from the hot ionized wind of a proplyd. We have used the model to determine which line ratios are most sensitive to the distance from an OB star, and found that the most sensitive line ratios vary by multiple orders of magnitude over an far-ultraviolet field of between 10$^3$ G$_0$ to 10$^6$ G$_0$. By identifying spatial gradients of line ratios in stellar clusters, we can identify regions of ongoing external photoevaporation.

Abstract Copyright: © 2025 The Author(s). Published by Oxford University Press on behalf of Royal Astronomical Society.

Journal keyword(s): planets and satellites: formation - (stars:) circumstellar matter - stars: formation - (ISM:) HII regions

Simbad objects: 14

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Number of rows : 14
N Identifier Otype ICRS (J2000)
RA
ICRS (J2000)
DEC
Mag U Mag B Mag V Mag R Mag I Sp type #ref
1850 - 2026
#notes
1 NAME Orion Nebula Cluster OpC 05 35.0 -05 29           ~ 2514 0
2 V* V2279 Ori Or* 05 35 15.9506536656 -05 23 49.996939416 14.794 13.648 12.730   10.537 M0.5+M2 104 0
3 * tet01 Ori C SB* 05 35 16.4662967280 -05 23 22.921811880 4.20 5.15 5.13 4.91 4.73 O7Vp 1479 1
4 NAME Ori Trapezium OpC 05 35 16.5 -05 23 14           ~ 1708 1
5 M 42 HII 05 35 16.8 -05 23 15           ~ 4411 0
6 JW 532 Or* 05 35 16.9715533106 -05 22 48.569390818 15.882 16.353 16.446   14.777 M0 56 0
7 Parenago 1894 Or* 05 35 16.9826556312 -05 23 37.062626964 15.006 14.944 14.492   12.593 M2e 96 1
8 HD 37024 Or* 05 35 17.3524325856 -05 22 35.734959444     16.29   13.91 K0.7 81 0
9 JW 558 Y*O 05 35 17.6729925216 -05 23 40.866823068 16.251 15.348 15.343   14.390 M5.9e 83 0
10 GMR O Or* 05 35 18.2310198552 -05 24 12.786954192     16.69 16.19 16.945 ~ 63 0
11 * c Ori Y*O 05 35 23.1646530684 -04 50 18.059784995 3.46 4.40 4.59 4.67 4.85 B1V+? 232 0
12 NGC 2024 Cl* 05 41 43 -01 50.5           ~ 1198 1
13 Cl Trumpler 14 OpC 10 43 56.0 -59 33 07   5.70 5.5     ~ 547 0
14 Cl Trumpler 16 OpC 10 45 01.9 -59 42 00           ~ 510 0

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