2025MNRAS.541.2992M

The detection of high gas-phase abundances of Sulfur dioxide (SO$_2$) and sulfur monoxide (SO) in the cold envelope of an intermediate mass protostar suggests that these molecules might form on icy dust grains and subsequently desorb to the gas phase by non-thermal desorption processes such as photodesorption. In this work, we report photodesorption yields for SO$_2$ and, tentatively, SO upon ultraviolet photon irradiation of SO$_2$ ice samples at temperatures between 14 and 80 K. Photodesorption yields were measured directly in the gas phase using a calibrated quadrupole mass spectrometer. Yields of $\sim$2.3 $\times$ 10$^{-4}$ molecule photon$^{-1}$ and $\sim$6 $\times$ 10$^{-5}$ molecule photon$^{-1}$ were estimated for SO$_2$ and SO at 14 K (respectively). The SO$_2$ photodesorption yield increased with temperature up to a value of 3.8 $\times$ 10$^{-4}$ molecule photon$^{-1}$ at 70 K, followed by a decrease at 80 K that could be due to crystallization of the sample. The signal assigned to SO photodesorption did not significantly change with temperature. The estimated photodesorption yields were included in the NAUTILUS gas-grain chemical model to evaluate their contribution to the SO$_2$ and SO gas-phase abundances in an astrophysical environment. In addition, we also present a theoretically estimated band strength for the $\sim$1395 cm$^{-1}$ SO$_3$ infrared (IR) feature (A = 1.1 $\times$ 10$^{-16}$ cm molecule$^{-1}$). SO$_3$ is the main detected product in irradiated SO$_2$ ices, and a potential contributor to the $\sim$7.2 $\mu$m band observed in some interstellar ice IR spectra.