2025MNRAS.542..464D

We model the formation of a bar plus box/peanut bulge (BP bulge) component in a Milky Way-like disc galaxy using simulations of isolated multicomponent systems that evolve from equilibrium initial conditions. The simulations are designed to test the hypothesis that the bar forms early on and thickens to create the bulge. To this end, our initial conditions include a stellar disc with a Sérsic surface density profile and do not include any classical bulge component. We also include a gas disc, which is important in regulating the growth of the bar. Our best-fitting model has an initial stellar disc with a Sérsic index of $n = 1.75$ and a gas disc with mass equal to 7 per cent of the mass of the stellar disc. The model reproduces the bar size, pattern speed, and BP shape of the Milky Way's bulge + bar.