2025MNRAS.542.2404R

2025MNRAS.542.2404R - Mon. Not. R. Astron. Soc., 542, 2404-2420 (2025/September-3)

We present a new approach to produce polarized spectra in the four Stokes profiles using a deep artificial neural network (ANN) model. The novelty of our approach lies in the use of the so-called transfer learning technique, where a pre-trained ANN is used to train other ANNs to perform similar tasks - such as the synthesis of Stokes profiles at different wavelengths and/or with a different atmospheric model. The training of the original ANN required millions of instances, each corresponding to different magnetic configurations over the stellar surface. This process can be very time-consuming, particularly when analysing several spectral lines. However, once the original ANN is trained, the transfer learning technique allows subsequent ANNs to achieve comparable performance with only a few thousand instances. This approach has the significant advantage that many ANNs can be trained with small data bases, which is a key aspect in machine learning. We demonstrate the performance of our approach through a test study involving the inversion of multiline profiles, finding excellent results in determining the stellar surface magnetic configuration.

Abstract Copyright: © The Author(s) 2025. Published by Oxford University Press on behalf of Royal Astronomical Society.

Journal keyword(s): polarization - methods: data analysis - software: machine learning - software: simulations - stars: magnetic fields

N	Identifier	Otype	ICRS (J2000) RA	ICRS (J2000) DEC	Mag U	Mag B	Mag V	Mag R	Mag I	Sp type	#ref 1850 - 2026	#notes
1	* ksi Boo	BY*	14 51 23.37993	+19 06 01.6994	5.618	5.370	4.593	3.91	3.48	G7Ve+K5Ve	503	0

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*` 37 Boo`**	`GC 19991`	`PLX 3360`	`SPOCS 621`
` STF 1888AB`**	`GEN# +1.00131156`	`PPM 130930`	*`SV SVS 2491`**
`ADS 9413 AB`	`GJ 566`	`RBS 1439`	`TD1 17778`
`AG+19 1391`	`HD 131156`	`2RE J1451+190`	`TIC 311180437`
`ASCC 871237`	`HIC 72659`	`2RE J145122+190538`	`UBV 12367`
`1AXG J145123+1906`	`HIP 72659`	`RE J1451+190`	`UBV 12949`
`BD+19 2870`	`HR 5544`	`RE J145122+190551`	`USNO-B1.0 1091-00230362`
`CCDM J14513+1906AB`	`IDS 14468+1931 AB`	`ROT 2124`	`uvby98 100131156 ABV`
`CSI+19 2870 1`	`IRAS 14490+1918`	`RX J1451.3+1905`	*`V ksi Boo`**
`2E 3337`	`IRC +20276`	`RX J1451.3+1906`	`WDS J14514+1906AB`
`2E 1449.0+1918`	`JP11 2546`	`1RXS J145123.1+190606`	`WEB 12488`
`1ES 1449+19.3`	`LSPM J1451+1906`	`SAO 101250`	`[GKL99] 307`
`2EUVE J1451+19.1`	`2MASS J14512328+1906034`	`SKY# 26980`	`[ZEH2003] RX J1451.3+1906 1`

`AG+19 1391`	`BD+19 2870`	`CCDM J14513+1906AB`	`2E 3337`	`EUVE J1451+19.1`
`GJ 566`	`HD 131156`	`HIC 72659`	`HIP 72659`	`HR 5544`
`IRAS 14490+1918`	`IRC +20276`	`LSPM J1451+1906`	`2MASS J14512328+1906034`	`PLX 3360`
`PPM 130930`	`2RE J1451+190`	`2RE J145122+190538`	`1RXS J145123.1+190606`	`SAO 101250`
`TD1 17778`	`USNO-B1.0 1091-00230362`	`uvby98 100131156 ABV`	*`V ksi Boo`**	`WDS J14514+1906AB`
`[GKL99] 307`