2025NatAs...9.1086L

Query : 2025NatAs...9.1086L

2025NatAs...9.1086L - Nature Astronomy, 9, 1086-1097 (2025/July-0)

Fermi detection of gamma-ray emission from the hot coronae of radio-quiet active galactic nuclei.

LIU J.-R., WANG J.-M. (The Fermi-LAT Collaboration), ABDOLLAHI S., AJELLO M., ALVES BATISTA R., BALDINI L., BARTOLINI C., BASTIERI D., BECERRA GONZALEZ J., BELLAZZINI R., BERENJI B., BISSALDI E., BLANDFORD R.D., BONINO R., BRUEL P., BUSON S., CAMERON R.A., CARAVEO P.A., CAVAZZUTI E., CHIARO G., CIBRARIO N., CIPRINI S., CRISTARELLA ORESTANO P., CUTINI S., D'AMMANDO F., DI LALLA N., DINESH A., DI VENERE L., DOMINGUEZ A., FEGAN S.J., FIORI A., FRANCKOWIAK A., FUKAZAWA Y., FUNK S., FUSCO P., GARGANO F., GASBARRA C., GASPARRINI D., GERMANI S., GIGLIETTO N., GILIBERTI M., GIORDANO F., GIROLETTI M., GREEN D., GRENIER I.A., GUIRIEC S., HASHIZUME M., HAYS E., HEWITT J.W., HORAN D., HOU X., KARWIN C., KAYANOKI T., KUSS M., LAVIRON A., LEMOINE-GOUMARD M., LI J., LIODAKIS I., LONGO F., LOPARCO F., LORUSSO L., LUBRANO P., MALDERA S., MARCOTULLI L., MARTI-DEVESA G., MAZZIOTTA M.N., MEREU I., MICHELSON P.F., MIRABAL N., MITTHUMSIRI W., MIZUNO T., MONZANI M.E., MORISHITA T., MORSELLI A., MOSKALENKO I.V., NEGRO M., NIWA R., OMODEI N., ORIENTI M., ORLANDO E., ORMES J.F., PANEQUE D., PANZARINI G., PERSIC M., PESCE-ROLLINS M., PILLERA R., PORTER T.A., PRINCIPE G., RAINO S., RANDO R., RANI B., RAZZANO M., REIMER A., REIMER O., SANCHEZ-CONDE M., SAZ PARKINSON P.M., SERINI D., SGRO C., SISKIND E.J., SPANDRE G., SPINELLI P., SUSON D.J., TAJIMA H., THAYER J.B., TORRES D.F. and ZHAO Z.-H.

Abstract (from CDS):

Relativistic jets around supermassive black holes are well-known powerful γ-ray emitters. In the absence of the jets in radio-quiet active galactic nuclei, how the supermassive black holes work in γ-ray bands is still unknown despite great observational efforts in the past three decades. Here, considering the previous efforts, we carefully select an active galactic nucleus sample composed of 37 nearby Seyfert galaxies with ultrahard X-rays for γ-ray detection by excluding all potential contamination in this band. Adopting a stacking technique, we report the significant γ-ray detection (test statistic 30.6, or 5.2 σ ) from the sample using 15-year Fermi-LAT observations. We find the average γ-ray luminosity of the sample to be (1.5 ± 1.0) × 1040 erg s–1 at energies of 1-300 GeV. Limited by the well-known pair production from the interaction of γ-rays with low-energy photons, γ-rays of more than several giga-electronvolts are found to originate from an extended corona (∼2.7 × 106 gravitational radii), whereas the canonical much more compact X-ray corona (∼10 gravitational radii) is responsible for γ-rays of one to several giga-electronvolts. The finding of the compact region lends strong support to the long-time theoretical expectations, but the extended corona is an unexpected finding. One promising scenario is that the electron-positron pairs produced in the compact X-ray corona would expand as a fireball, similar to that in γ-ray bursts, forming the structure of extended corona.


Abstract Copyright: 2025 The Author(s), under exclusive licence to Springer Nature Limited

Journal keyword(s):

Simbad objects: 98

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Number of rows : 98
N Identifier Otype ICRS (J2000)
RA 		ICRS (J2000)
DEC 		Mag U Mag B Mag V Mag R Mag I Sp type #ref
1850 - 2026 		#notes
1 LEDA 136991 Sy2 00 25 33.0571973232 +68 21 43.694350020           ~ 63 1
2 NGC 424 Sy1 01 11 27.6385025496 -38 05 00.421096524   13.76 14.12 12.38 12.8 ~ 346 1
3 IC 1657 Sy2 01 14 07.018 -32 39 03.23   13.16   12.02 13.0 ~ 133 1
4 NGC 454E Sy2 01 14 24.9356626320 -55 23 49.309036656   13.13 13.58 11.93   ~ 96 0
5 NGC 678 Sy2 01 49 24.8433327288 +21 59 50.210239596   13.3       ~ 125 0
6 CRATES J015128-360527 BLL 01 51 27.45 -36 06 17.5           ~ 7 1
7 3FGL J0151.0-3609 Bla 01 51 28.9 -36 07 37           ~ 21 0
8 MCG-06-05-011 Sy1 01 51 41.8598088024 -36 11 16.260146412   14.45 14.44 13.36   ~ 61 0
9 NGC 788 Sy2 02 01 06.4628889816 -06 48 57.149808084   13.71 12.76 11.79   ~ 291 0
10 LEDA 137972 Sy2 02 01 32.3555099400 +68 24 21.852749772           ~ 25 0
11 IRAS 01583+6807 Sy2 02 02 17.3504048784 +68 21 45.654887196           ~ 40 1
12 NGC 833 Sy2 02 09 20.8490871072 -10 07 59.003785884   14.02 13.00 12.75   ~ 207 0
13 NGC 835 Sy2 02 09 24.606 -10 08 09.31   13.29 12.45 12.24   ~ 226 1
14 NGC 1125 Sy2 02 51 40.44 -16 39 02.4   13.98 13.13 12.48   ~ 158 1
15 NGC 1194 Sy2 03 03 49.1124029328 -01 06 13.415103900   15.29 14.18     ~ 307 0
16 MCG-01-09-045 Sy2 03 31 23.0448814152 -05 08 30.092209980   15   13.38   ~ 41 0
17 NGC 1365 Sy1 03 33 36.458 -36 08 26.37 10.48 10.08 9.63 8.79 9.7 ~ 1987 2
18 NGC 1566 Sy1 04 20 00.3968473248 -54 56 16.624708764 10.29 10.19 9.73 9.21 10.1 ~ 1051 2
19 PSR J0437-47 Psr 04 37 15.7994581776 -47 15 08.544351636           DC 1032 0
20 LEDA 3095692 Sy1 04 37 28.1562436872 -47 11 29.481984132 14.68 16.61 14.95 15.43   ~ 93 0
21 IRAS 04410+2807 Sy2 04 44 09.0113792616 +28 13 00.784149096           ~ 87 0
22 MCG-05-13-017 Sy2 05 19 35.8118941104 -32 39 27.923120568   13.81 13.37 12.73   ~ 274 1
23 ESO 253-3 Sy2 05 25 18.058 -46 00 21.36 15.95 15.10 14.77 13.95   ~ 80 0
24 QSO B0524-460 Bla 05 25 31.4000571816 -45 57 54.684984348   17.3 17.3 15.8   ~ 109 1
25 MCG-05-14-012 Sy2 05 43 32.9579928216 -27 39 05.070354192   14.28   13.14 13.8 ~ 54 0
26 ESO 5-4 Sy2 06 05 41.721 -86 37 55.02   13.55   11.88 12.2 ~ 174 1
27 Z 308-30 Sy1 06 32 47.1727076376 +63 40 25.283595072   13.3       ~ 114 0
28 Z 31-36 Sy2 08 04 05.8608218112 +05 06 49.823376120   14.55 13.7     ~ 340 2
29 NGC 2712 Sy2 08 59 30.4854395352 +44 54 50.079495852   12.30       ~ 194 0
30 Z 288-17 Sy2 09 01 58.4045747160 +60 09 06.140115576   14.3       ~ 137 1
31 4FGL J0902.5-4801 Bz? 09 02 35.2 -48 01 21           ~ 10 0
32 2MASS J09023731-4813339 Sy2 09 02 37.32 -48 13 33.9           ~ 47 0
33 NGC 2788A Sy2 09 02 39.4880829000 -68 13 36.653289168   13.98   12.33   ~ 83 0
34 PMN J0903-4805 Rad 09 03 11.3 -48 05 07           ~ 1 0
35 IC 2461 Sy2 09 19 58.030 +37 11 27.77   15.1       ~ 151 0
36 MCG-05-23-016 Sy2 09 47 40.1332188528 -30 56 55.960779696   14.10 13.69 12.44   ~ 611 0
37 NGC 3081 Sy2 09 59 29.5437024336 -22 49 34.747341960   13.06 13.55 11.67 12.1 ~ 509 0
38 MCG-04-24-017 Sy1 10 05 55.3788348600 -23 03 24.939169380   14.56   13.43   ~ 58 0
39 PMN J1007-0957 Rad 10 07 10.84 -09 57 04.4           ~ 3 1
40 NVSS J100714-094902 Rad 10 07 14.46974880 -09 49 02.3745720           ~ 3 1
41 4FGL J1008.2-1000 gam 10 08 16.1 -10 01 00           ~ 11 0
42 1RXS J100848.8-095442 Sy2 10 08 48.5916291744 -09 54 50.888985480   15.98   14.85   ~ 35 0
43 NGC 3227 Sy1 10 23 30.5765149296 +19 51 54.282206700   12.61 11.79     ~ 1807 2
44 NGC 3281 Sy2 10 31 52.086 -34 51 13.40   12.62 14.02 11.17   ~ 392 1
45 MCG-05-25-010 Sy2 10 32 44.513 -28 36 35.93   14.42   12.77   ~ 85 0
46 NGC 3393 Sy2 10 48 23.4653152920 -25 09 43.487648784   13.10 13.95 11.67 12.2 ~ 471 1
47 NGC 3516 Sy1 11 06 47.4632200800 +72 34 07.298374656   13.12 12.40     ~ 1638 0
48 NGC 3718 Sy2 11 32 34.8571790688 +53 04 04.520222040   11.35 10.61     ~ 408 1
49 NGC 3783 Sy1 11 39 01.7096819040 -37 44 19.009642992   12.46 13.43 11.33 12.1 ~ 1765 1
50 NGC 3786 Sy2 11 39 42.5121341928 +31 54 33.971791752   14.62 13.74     ~ 413 1
51 Z 351-69 Sy1 11 45 15.9436381824 +79 40 53.376659220   14.8 15.2     ~ 147 0
52 Z 292-26 Sy2 11 45 33.1262678160 +58 58 41.336783112   13.33 13.17     ~ 76 0
53 NGC 4051 Sy1 12 03 09.6101337312 +44 31 52.682601288   11.08 12.92 9.94   ~ 2270 1
54 NGC 4138 Sy2 12 09 29.8011417048 +43 41 06.864140004 12.46 12.29 11.32 10.82   ~ 436 1
55 4FGL J1210.3+3928 Bz? 12 10 23.8 +39 28 47           ~ 10 0
56 RX J1210.3+3929 BLL 12 10 26.5907045256 +39 29 08.635546104   20.77 20.3 19.9   ~ 116 0
57 NGC 4151 Sy1 12 10 32.5759813872 +39 24 21.063527532   12.18 11.48     ~ 3938 2
58 NGC 4180 Sy2 12 13 03.0632893416 +07 02 20.036449716   13.2       ~ 173 1
59 NGC 4235 Sy1 12 17 09.8818997904 +07 11 29.673389004   14.70 13.60     ~ 441 0
60 NGC 4253 Sy1 12 18 26.5163572920 +29 48 46.531535472   14.34 13.57     ~ 1106 1
61 M 106 Sy2 12 18 57.620 +47 18 13.39   9.14 8.41 8.11   ~ 2512 4
62 NGC 4388 Sy2 12 25 46.820 +12 39 43.45 11.91 11.76 11.02     ~ 1433 2
63 NGC 4395 Sy2 12 25 48.8633109888 +33 32 48.700168152 10.84 10.54 10.11 9.98   ~ 1286 1
64 NGC 4500 Sy2 12 31 22.1642532648 +57 57 52.686175392   13.2       ~ 141 1
65 NGC 4507 Sy2 12 35 36.6338976888 -39 54 33.710416272   12.95 13.54 11.70 12.4 ~ 532 1
66 NGC 4593 Sy1 12 39 39.4435107024 -05 20 39.034988448   13.95 13.15     ~ 1179 0
67 NGC 4941 Sy2 13 04 13.1036380320 -05 33 05.752803672   13.18 12.23 10.74   ~ 410 0
68 NGC 4939 Sy2 13 04 14.3280524928 -10 20 22.300454724   14.81 13.80 10.92   ~ 332 1
69 NGC 4945 Sy2 13 05 27.279 -49 28 04.44   9.31 14.40 7.55   ~ 1582 2
70 NGC 5033 Sy2 13 13 27.535 +36 35 37.14   11.01 12.03 9.73   ~ 909 1
71 ESO 21-4 Sy2 13 32 40.5938806776 -77 50 40.532334072   12.7   12.8 12.2 ~ 49 0
72 ESO 383-18 Sy2 13 33 26.1018852696 -34 00 53.311162860   15.29 15.32 14.30 14.25 ~ 95 0
73 MCG-06-30-015 Sy1 13 35 53.7691256160 -34 17 44.160716796   13.89 13.61 8.9   ~ 1559 0
74 NGC 5283 Sy2 13 41 05.7499712616 +67 40 19.967186280   14.97 14.05     ~ 269 0
75 NGC 5273 Sy1 13 42 08.3801616672 +35 39 15.467518836   14.01 13.12     ~ 510 0
76 2MASS J13473599-6037037 Sy2 13 47 36.00 -60 37 03.8         16.77 ~ 106 0
77 LEDA 3096295 Sy1 13 51 29.5017024528 -18 13 46.336515492   11.3   13.7   ~ 65 0
78 TXS 1404-300 Rad 14 07 10.356 -30 16 56.00           ~ 1 0
79 4FGL J1407.7-3017 gam 14 07 45.0 -30 17 09           ~ 8 0
80 LEDA 50427 Sy1 14 08 06.7815798960 -30 23 53.959104816   15.70 15.3 15.64 15.14 ~ 57 0
81 NAME Circinus Galaxy Sy2 14 13 09.906 -65 20 20.47   10.89 9.84 10.6 10.0 ~ 1331 1
82 3FGL J1413.2-6518 AG? 14 13 10.7 -65 19 56           ~ 15 0
83 NGC 5728 Sy2 14 42 23.8918506576 -17 15 11.240783784   14.34 13.40     ~ 679 1
84 NGC 5899 Sy2 15 15 03.252 +42 02 59.47   14.19 13.21     ~ 219 0
85 ESO 137-34 Sy2 16 35 14.114 -58 04 48.10   12.20   10.84 11.6 ~ 165 0
86 ESO 138-1 Sy2 16 51 20.2789606296 -59 14 04.184655576   14.35 13.63 13.02   ~ 162 0
87 NGC 6221 Sy2 16 52 46.329 -59 13 00.99   10.90 13.45 9.68 10.4 ~ 328 0
88 NGC 6300 Sy2 17 16 59.5418094960 -62 49 13.946588832   10.88 13.08 9.44 10.2 ~ 478 1
89 ESO 103-35 Sy2 18 38 20.3204821536 -65 25 39.141804936   14.75 14.53 13.24   ~ 342 0
90 ESO 140-43 Sy1 18 44 53.9892878664 -62 21 52.874216640   14.14 14.10 12.94 13.1 ~ 266 0
91 NGC 6814 Sy1 19 42 40.5862186152 -10 19 25.108718844   15.33 14.21 11.7 11.3 ~ 866 0
92 ESO 234-50 Sy2 20 35 57.8722541808 -50 11 32.172993492   14.38 12.5 13.25   ~ 53 0
93 NVSS J220008+103007 rG 22 00 07.93322570 +10 30 07.9028858           ~ 59 1
94 Z 428-11 Sy2 22 00 41.3525526120 +10 33 08.035187868   14.70       ~ 138 1
95 NGC 7172 Sy2 22 02 01.897 -31 52 11.60   12.72 13.61 11.15 25.10 ~ 572 2
96 NGC 7314 Sy2 22 35 46.1985355872 -26 03 01.564993476   11.62 13.11 10.61 11.4 ~ 601 0
97 NGC 7465 Sy2 23 02 00.9603717552 +15 57 53.236032120   13.3       ~ 333 0
98 NGC 7479 Sy2 23 04 56.6432243448 +12 19 22.357387020 11.74 11.60 10.85 10.47 9.66 ~ 783 2

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