2025PASP..137g4202B


Query : 2025PASP..137g4202B

2025PASP..137g4202B - Publ. Astron. Soc. Pac., 137, part no 7, 4202 (2025/July-0)

A ZTF Search for Circumstellar Debris Transits in White Dwarfs: Six New Candidates, One with Gas Disk Emission, Identified in a Novel Metric Space.

BHATTACHARJEE S., VANDERBOSCH Z.P., HOLLANDS M.A., TREMBLAY P.-E., XU S., GUIDRY J.A., HERMES J.J., CAIAZZO I., RODRIGUEZ A.C., VAN ROESTEL J., EL-BADRY K., DRAKE A.J., ROULSTON B.R., RIDDLE R., RUSHOLME B., GROOM S.L., SMITH R. and TOLOZA O.

Abstract (from CDS):

White dwarfs (WDs) showing transits from orbiting planetary debris provide significant insights into the structure and dynamics of debris disks, which are eventually accreted to produce metal pollution. This is a rare class of objects with only eight published systems. In this work, we perform a systematic search for such systems within 500 pc in the Gaia-eDR3 catalog of WDs using the light curves from the Zwicky Transient Facility (ZTF) and present six new candidates. Our selection process targets the top 1% most photometrically variable sources identified using a combined variability metric from ZTF and Gaia eDR3 photometry, boosted by a metric space we define using von Neumann statistics and Pearson-Skew as a novel discovery tool to identify these systems. This is followed by optical spectroscopic observations of visually selected variables to confirm metal pollution. Four of the six systems show long-timescale photometric variability spanning several months to years, resulting either from long-term evolution of transit activity or dust and debris clouds at wide orbits. Among them, WD J1013-0427 shows an indication of reddening during the long-duration dip. Interpreting this as dust extinction makes it the first system to indicate an abundance of dust grains with radius ≲0.3 μm in the occulting material. The same object also shows metal emission lines that map an optically thick eccentric gas disk orbiting within the star's Roche limit. For each candidate, we infer the abundances of the photospheric metals and estimate accretion rates. We show that transiting debris systems tend to have higher inferred accretion rates compared to the general population of metal-polluted WDs. Growing the number of these systems will further illuminate such comparative properties in the near future. Separately, we also serendipitously discovered an AM Canis Venaticorum showing a very long-duration outburst-only the fourth such system to be known.

Abstract Copyright: © 2025. The Author(s). Published by IOP Publishing Ltd on behalf of the Astronomical Society of the Pacific (ASP).

Journal keyword(s): White dwarf stars - Transits - Debris disks - Circumstellar gas - Variable stars

Simbad objects: 24

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Number of rows : 24
N Identifier Otype ICRS (J2000)
RA
ICRS (J2000)
DEC
Mag U Mag B Mag V Mag R Mag I Sp type #ref
1850 - 2026
#notes
1 PN WeSb 1 PN 01 00 54.1058913510 +55 04 00.033655555       15.002   ~ 24 0
2 SDSS J010749.32+210744.8 WD* 01 07 49.3800977472 +21 07 45.839104644           DAZ 15 0
3 SDSS J013906.22+524536.9 WD* 01 39 06.1711117824 +52 45 36.896612760           DA 44 0
4 2MASS J03283351-1219439 WD* 03 28 33.5152575456 -12 19 45.261314844           D 26 0
5 WT 1416 WD* 03 47 03.1801263072 -18 02 53.487287232   16.0       DA 15 0
6 BD+52 913 WD* 05 05 30.6180977592 +52 49 51.919301604 10.25 11.44 11.69 11.93 12.108 DA.8 1153 0
7 GALEX J080710.3+485300 CV* 08 07 10.3434499368 +48 52 59.643282252           DB 14 0
8 GALEX J092311.4+423634 WD* 09 23 11.4091150560 +42 36 34.157337048           DA 9 0
9 Gaia DR2 1121123185951605632 WD* 09 23 51.4171759416 +73 26 24.147675348           DAZ 6 0
10 Gaia DR3 3780094656734582528 WD* 10 13 06.3257461443 -04 27 29.229937897           DBAZ 6 0
11 Feige 34 HS* 10 39 36.7358839104 +43 06 09.212615280 9.613 10.91 11.14 11.319 11.464 sdOp 731 0
12 LP 849-31 WD* 10 56 38.6313170159 -22 52 56.081842250   16.57 15.998 15.82 15.62 DAZ6.4 41 0
13 SDSS J113732.34+405458.0 CV* 11 37 32.3210580864 +40 54 58.488391584           DQ: 25 0
14 LBQS 1145+0145 WD* 11 48 33.6297189672 +01 28 59.420446860           DB 216 0
15 GALEX J122859.9+104032 WD* 12 28 59.9341604496 +10 40 33.045988944           DAZe: 152 0
16 SBSS 1232+563 WD* 12 34 32.6764405872 +56 06 43.034240664   18.5       DBZA 44 0
17 Gaia DR3 1578454838386128384 WD* 12 37 54.4477035144 +59 37 27.575529996           DAZ 3 0
18 GALEX J130217.7+165008 WD* 13 02 17.7124325616 +16 50 08.592869364           DB 8 0
19 PM J14113+4812 CV* 14 11 18.3205488696 +48 12 57.513947976   18.7 19.37 19.2   DB 39 0
20 BD+33 2642 pA* 15 51 59.8854348048 +32 56 54.329485272 9.806 10.61 10.73 10.884 10.961 O7p 456 0
21 Gaia DR2 4461588765542688768 WD* 16 50 50.0328815232 +14 43 22.600373196           DAZ 6 0
22 ZTF J1944+4557 WD* 19 44 31.9200107472 +45 57 53.134761276           DAZ 5 0
23 BD+28 4211 HS* 21 51 11.0221915656 +28 51 50.367627468 8.922 10.25 10.58 10.656 10.831 sdO2VIIIHe5 837 0
24 Gaia 19czz CV? 22 41 50.9421844488 +37 12 20.159505288           ~ 4 0

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