2025PASP..137j4202Z

Query : 2025PASP..137j4202Z

2025PASP..137j4202Z - Publ. Astron. Soc. Pac., 137, part no 10, 4202 (2025/October-0)

The Bimodal Distribution of Donor Stars in X-Ray Binaries.

ZHANG J., ZHANG G.-B., ZHU L.-Y., QIAN S.-B., ZHOU X. and ZHAO E.-G.

Abstract (from CDS):

The classification of X-ray binaries into high- and low-mass types has historically lacked a unified, data-driven quantitative criterion, and large-scale statistical studies of the donor star population have been limited. In this work, we address this gap by compiling data for 3964 XRBs and deriving a plentiful set of physical parameters (mass, radius, age, and evolutionary stage) for a sub-sample of 288 donor stars using Gaia DR3 spectral data and stellar evolution models. We find a statistically bimodal distribution in the donor star parameters, which is characterized by a valley at approximately 3 M⊙ or 11,000 K. We uncover the physical mechanism behind this bimodality: a previously unreported “parallel tracks” phenomenon observed in the relationship between the donor's evolutionary stage and its fundamental parameters, such as luminosity and radius. These two tracks represent distinct main-sequence populations, and the valley between them corresponds to the sparsely populated pre- and post-main-sequence evolutionary phases.

Abstract Copyright: © 2025. The Astronomical Society of the Pacific. All rights, including for text and data mining, AI training, and similar technologies, are reserved.

Journal keyword(s): X-ray binary stars - High mass x-ray binary stars - Low-mass x-ray binary stars

Status at CDS : Large table(s) will be appraised for possible ingestion in VizieR.

Simbad objects: 55

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Number of rows : 55
N Identifier Otype ICRS (J2000)
RA 		ICRS (J2000)
DEC 		Mag U Mag B Mag V Mag R Mag I Sp type #ref
1850 - 2026 		#notes
1 NGC 55 rG 00 14 53.602 -39 11 47.86 8.54 8.58 7.87 7.84   ~ 828 2
2 MCG-06-02-022a EmG 00 37 41.1133192392 -33 42 58.515101748   19.26   18.52   ~ 314 1
3 M 31 AGN 00 42 44.330 +41 16 07.50 4.86 4.36 3.44     ~ 13622 1
4 NAME SMC G 00 52 38.0 -72 48 01   2.79 2.2     ~ 12317 1
5 NAME Magellanic Clouds GrG 03 00 -71.0           ~ 7988 0
6 V* CI Cam HXB 04 19 42.1355996520 +55 59 57.706599192 12.13 12.41 11.77 10.79 9.99 B0/2I[e] 271 0
7 NAME LMC G 05 23 34.6 -69 45 22     0.4     ~ 19090 0
8 HD 249179 HXB 05 55 55.0408392960 +28 47 06.421864164   10.11 10.00     B5ne 47 1
9 MAXI J0556-332 LXB 05 56 46.32 -33 10 28.2           ~ 94 0
10 IGR J06074+2205 HXB 06 07 26.6120621496 +22 05 47.759865432   12.85 12.21 11.80 11.32 B0.5Ve 67 1
11 V* V1055 Ori LXB 06 17 07.3565603963 +09 08 13.515857360   18.80 18.5     ~ 594 1
12 NGC 2403 AGN 07 36 51.3381434280 +65 36 09.650825640 9.31 8.84 8.38 8.19   ~ 1887 1
13 2MASS J09050682-5330195 XB* 09 05 06.8206433269 -53 30 19.523474160           B1.5-2III-Ve 15 0
14 NGC 3115 GiG 10 05 13.9270507008 -07 43 06.982712292   11   9.37   ~ 1067 2
15 1FGL J1018.6-5856 HXB 10 18 55.5875706288 -58 56 45.975246900   13.638 12.683     O6V((f)) 156 0
16 PSR J1023+0038 Psr 10 23 47.6841824712 +00 38 41.005893516     17.31     GV 470 0
17 V* OO Dra EB* 11 40 01.4399422656 +75 09 21.466555488   11.42 11.386     ~ 37 0
18 NGC 4228 SBG 12 15 39.174 +36 19 36.80 10.63 10.30 9.93 9.74   ~ 1017 1
19 2MASS J12440380-6322320 IR 12 44 03.80856 -63 22 32.0592           ~ 9 0
20 IC 4296 rG 13 36 39.03253319 -33 57 57.0730368   11.52 12.99 10.00 10.79 ~ 520 2
21 CRTS J135716.8-093238 HXB 13 57 16.8357790008 -09 32 38.796487512           M4.5V 187 0
22 NGC 5474 GiP 14 05 01.608 +53 39 43.95   11.28 10.79     ~ 475 1
23 V* BR Cir HXB 15 20 40.8532547060 -57 10 00.206639033   21.4 21.4     B5-A0I 849 1
24 V* QU TrA LXB 15 47 53.6 -62 34 11           ~ 168 0
25 V* V818 Sco LXB 16 19 55.0692669024 -15 38 25.017666540 11.60 12.40 11.1     Oev 1730 0
26 [BPH2004] CX 1 V* 16 23 34.15 -26 31 34.6     20.38     ~ 14 1
27 V* HZ Her LXB 16 57 49.8110126616 +35 20 32.486555472 11.90 14.89 13.63 13.88   B3/6ep 2172 0
28 PSR J1723-2837 Psr 17 23 23.1937506912 -28 37 57.210408048   16.81 15.77 15.71   ~ 105 0
29 [JBN2011] 377 ** 17 43 16.52 -27 45 37.4           F6 6 0
30 SWIFT J174510.8-262411 LXB 17 45 10.849 -26 24 12.60           ~ 78 0
31 XTE J1752-223 LXB 17 52 15.090 -22 20 32.36           ~ 229 0
32 OGLE BLG-ELL-12042 CV* 17 55 53.2604223002 -28 16 33.845861273     16.428   15.113 ~ 17 0
33 SWIFT J1756.9-2508 LXB 17 56 57.35 -25 06 27.8           ~ 118 0
34 IGR J17591-2342 LXB 17 59 08.789 -23 42 46.70           ~ 53 0
35 [KRL2007b] 297 LXB 17 59 45.7 -22 01 39           ~ 68 1
36 4U 1758-25 LXB 18 01 09.7308060816 -25 04 44.120221284     11.08     ~ 705 1
37 X Sgr X-3 LXB 18 01 32.6 -20 31 45           ~ 254 1
38 SAX J1802.7-2017 HXB 18 02 41.9407199832 -20 17 17.312648064   17.4 16.4     B1Ib 100 0
39 SAX J1805.5-2031 X 18 05 34 -20 30.8           ~ 15 0
40 MAXI J1807+132 LX? 18 08 07.549 +13 15 05.40           ~ 53 0
41 SRGA J181228.0-181235 X 18 12 28.0 -18 12 35           ~ 21 0
42 MAXI J1816-195 Psr 18 16 52.34478480 -19 37 55.8563160           ~ 48 1
43 SAX J1818.7+1424 X 18 18 44 +14 24.2           ~ 17 0
44 MAXI J1820+070 LXB 18 20 21.9423816480 +07 11 07.284859440           ~ 511 0
45 V* V691 CrA LXB 18 25 46.8185061768 -37 06 18.529336656 14.30 15.20 15.1     ~ 461 0
46 NGC 6649 9 Be* 18 33 28.3004329272 -10 24 08.756967024   12.98 11.76 10.6   B0Ve 26 0
47 AX J1848.8-0129 X 18 48 48 -01 29.2           ~ 27 0
48 SWIFT J185003.2-005627 X 18 50 03.2 -00 56 27           ~ 24 0
49 XTE J1858+034 HXB 18 58 35.6252850353 +03 26 10.535956648           B?e 94 0
50 V* V2290 Cyg EB* 19 35 23.0944282512 +48 03 00.791770608   14.0 13.628   13.201 A9.2 48 0
51 [MT91] 213 Psr 20 32 13.1247390384 +41 27 24.346666440 13.12 13.08 11.266     B0Vp 334 0
52 PBC J2037.1+4149 X 20 37 00 +41 50.0           ~ 21 0
53 V* V1341 Cyg LXB 21 44 41.1544345272 +38 19 17.066570988 15.00 15.13 14.68 15.00   A9III 1229 1
54 SAX J2224.9+5421 X 22 24 52 +54 21.9           ~ 22 1
55 HD 215227 HXB 22 42 57.3031579265 +44 43 18.259103226 8.07 8.84 8.78     B1.5-2III 157 0

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