2025PASP..137l1001F

Query : 2025PASP..137l1001F

2025PASP..137l1001F - Publ. Astron. Soc. Pac., 137, part no 12, 1001 (2025/December-0)

Are We There Yet? Challenges in Quantifying the Frequency of Earth Analogs in the Habitable Zone.

FERNANDES R.B., JOHNSON S., BERGSTEN G.J., BHURE S., BOLEY K.M., BOSS A.P., BRYSON S., DEROCCO W., DIETRICH J., DUCK A., GIACALONE S., GUPTA A.F., HE M.Y., KUNIMOTO M., MENT K., SAGEAR S., SILVERSTEIN M.L., SULLIVAN K., VRIJMOET E.H., WAGNER K., WILSON R.F., BREFKA L., BELIKOV R., CHAKRABARTY A., CHRISTIANSEN J.L., CIARDI D.R., DATTILO A., FITZMAURICE E., FORD E.B., HOTNISKY A., JONES S., KAR A., KOPPARAPU R., LOWSON N., MAMAJEK E.E., MENNESSON B., MEYER M.R., MILLHOLLAND S., MULDERS G.D., MULLALLY S.E., MURLIDHAR A., PASCUCCI I., RAGOZZINE D., ROBERTSON P., STAPELFELDT K. and WRIGHT J.

Abstract (from CDS):

Searching for life elsewhere in the universe is one of the most highly prioritized pursuits in astronomy today. However, the ability to observe evidence of Earth-like life through biosignatures is limited by the number of planets in the solar neighborhood with conditions similar to Earth. The occurrence rate of Earth-like planets in the habitable zones of Sun-like stars, η⊕, is therefore crucial for addressing the apparent lack of consensus on its value in the literature. Here we present a review of the current understanding of η⊕. We first provide definitions for parameters that contribute to η⊕. Then, we discuss the previous and current estimated parameter values and the context of the limitations on the analyses that produced these estimates. We compile an extensive list of the factors that go into any calculation of η⊕, and how detection techniques and surveys differ in their sensitivity and ability to accurately constrain η⊕. Understanding and refining the value of η⊕ is crucial for upcoming missions and telescopes, such as the planned Habitable Worlds Observatory and the Large Interferometer for Exoplanets, which aim to search for biosignatures on exoplanets in the solar neighborhood.

Abstract Copyright: © 2025. The Author(s). Published by IOP Publishing Ltd on behalf of the Astronomical Society of the Pacific (ASP).

Journal keyword(s): Exoplanet detection methods - Exoplanets - Exoplanet systems - Habitable planets - Habitable zone - Planet hosting stars

Simbad objects: 15

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Number of rows : 15
N Identifier Otype ICRS (J2000)
RA 		ICRS (J2000)
DEC 		Mag U Mag B Mag V Mag R Mag I Sp type #ref
1850 - 2026 		#notes
1 NGC 104 GlC 00 24 05.359 -72 04 53.20     4.09     ~ 4158 0
2 G 272-61 ** 01 39 01.452936 -17 57 02.04516   13.93 12.08 11.782 8.93 M5.5V+M6V 78 0
3 * tau Cet PM* 01 44 04.0831371922 -15 56 14.927607677 4.43 4.22 3.50 2.88 2.41 G8V 1354 1
4 * eps Eri BY* 03 32 55.8444911587 -09 27 29.739493865 5.19 4.61 3.73 3.00 2.54 K2V 2073 1
5 NAME LP 890-9c Pl 04 16 31.1617564071 -28 18 52.954336524           ~ 23 0
6 TOI-700d Pl 06 28 23.2285331376 -65 34 45.520447908           ~ 64 0
7 TOI-700e Pl 06 28 23.2285331376 -65 34 45.520447908           ~ 20 0
8 * alf CMi SB* 07 39 18.11950 +05 13 29.9552 0.82 0.79 0.37 -0.05 -0.28 F5IV-V+DQZ 1925 0
9 * alf Cen B PM* 14 39 35.06311 -60 50 15.0992 2.89 2.21 1.33     K1V 1092 2
10 * alf Cen A SB* 14 39 36.49400 -60 50 02.3737 0.96 0.72 0.01     G2V 1352 1
11 * alf Cen ** 14 39 36.50 -60 50 02.3   0.4 -0.1     G2V+K1V 1031 0
12 NAME Galactic Center reg 17 45 39.60213 -29 00 22.0000           ~ 16269 0
13 * 61 Cyg A BY* 21 06 53.9395895022 +38 44 57.902349973 7.50 6.39 5.21 4.19 3.54 K5V 1099 0
14 * 61 Cyg B PM* 21 06 55.2638444466 +38 44 31.358519864 8.63 7.40 6.03 4.86 3.55 K7V 765 0
15 NAME Galactic Bulge reg ~ ~           ~ 4794 0

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