2025RAA....25a5015L

This paper yields a new exact solution for dense stellar objects by employing the Einstein-Maxwell system of differential equations. The established model comprises three interior layers with distinguishable equations of state (EoSs): the polytropic EoS at the core layer, the quadratic EoS at the intermediate layer and the modified Van der Waals EoS at the envelope layer. The physical features indicate that the matter variables, metric functions and other physical conditions are viable with dense astrophysical objects. Excitingly, this model is an extension solution of the two-layered model generated by Sunzu and Lighuda. The layers are matched gently across the junctions with the care of the Reissner-Nordström exterior spacetime. Utilizing our model, star masses and radii compatible with observations and satisfactorily known objects are generated. The findings from this paper may be useful to describes purported strange stars such as SAX J1808.4-3658 and binary stars such as Vela X-1.