2025RAA....25c5011L

A simple orbit classification constraint extension to stellar dynamical modeling using Schwarzschild's method is demonstrated. The classification scheme used is the existing “orbit circularity” scheme (λ_z) where orbits are split into four groups-hot, warm, cold, and counter-rotating orbits. Other schemes which can be related to the orbit weights are expected to be viable as well. The results show that the classification constraint works well in modeling. However, given that orbits in external galaxies are not observable, it is not clear how the orbit classification for any particular galaxy may be determined. Perhaps range constraints for different types of galaxies determined from cosmological simulations may offer a way forward.