2026ApJ...997...19S


Query : 2026ApJ...997...19S

2026ApJ...997...19S - Astrophys. J., 997, 19 (2026/January-3)

Discovering High-z BL Lacs Using Swift/UVOT and SARA Observations with the Dropout Technique.

SHENG Y., IMAM K., KAUR A., AJELLO M., DOMINGUEZ A., RAU A., CENKO S.B., GREINER J., HARTMANN D.H., CIRCIELLO A., COX I., JOFFRE S., McDANIEL A., RAJGURU G., SILVER R., TORRES-ALBA N. and WEBBER A.

Abstract (from CDS):

Measuring spectroscopic redshifts for BL Lacertae (BL Lac) objects, a class of blazars, is challenging because their optical spectrum lacks, or has weak, emission lines (equivalent width ≤5 Å). In this situation, alternative techniques are necessary for the estimation of distances to these sources. In this paper, we estimate the redshift by the photometric dropout technique for a sample of 64 blazars (59 BL Lacs and 5 blazar candidates of uncertain type). Two telescopes are utilized to observe the sample. The Ultraviolet/Optical Telescope on board Swift observes sources in uvw2, uvm2, uvw1, u, b, and v filters, while the ground-based SARA telescopes at Roque de los Muchachos, La Palma, Spain and Cerro Tololo, Chile observed sources in ${g}^{{\prime} },\,r{,}^{{\prime} }\,{i}^{{\prime} },\,{z}^{{\prime} }$ filters. We fit the photometric data with the LePHARE package and report four new high-z (z > 1.3) BL Lacs at $2.0{3}_{-0.05}^{+0.07}$, $1.8{4}_{-0.03}^{+0.10}$, $2.0{4}_{-0.14}^{+0.16}$, and $2.9{3}_{-0.04}^{+0.01}$ as well as upper limits for 50 sources. This work increased the number of high-z BL Lacs found by this method up to 23. The high-z sources are discussed in the context of the cosmic gamma-ray horizon, blazar sequence, Fermi blazar divide, and masquerading BL Lacs.

Abstract Copyright: © 2026. The Author(s). Published by the American Astronomical Society.

Journal keyword(s): Blazars - High energy astrophysics - Active galactic nuclei - BL Lacertae objects

Simbad objects: 74

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Number of rows : 74
N Identifier Otype ICRS (J2000)
RA
ICRS (J2000)
DEC
Mag U Mag B Mag V Mag R Mag I Sp type #ref
1850 - 2026
#notes
1 QSO J0019+2021 BLL 00 19 37.85449305 +20 21 45.6446105     20.6 19.70   ~ 90 1
2 4FGL J0023.9+1603 Bz? 00 23 55.7 +16 03 50           ~ 14 0
3 SDSS J002401.29+160233.9 BLL 00 24 01.2815072352 +16 02 33.957917304   19.75 19.09 19.8   ~ 12 1
4 1RXS J002636.3-460101 BLL 00 26 35.6290766016 -46 01 09.919030836     17.8 17.5   ~ 35 1
5 2MASX J01032593+5337137 BLL 01 03 25.9580331336 +53 37 13.279637172           ~ 32 0
6 3FHL J0121.8+3808 gam 01 21 49.558 +38 08 02.45           ~ 5 0
7 QSO B0122-260 BLL 01 25 18.8374705440 -25 49 04.385957988     18.0     ~ 27 1
8 9Y-MST J0125-2549 Bla 01 25 23.4 -25 48 27           ~ 22 0
9 SDSS J013801.13+224808.5 BLL 01 38 01.1453545464 +22 48 08.574978744           ~ 23 1
10 2MASS J01385916+2600157 BLL 01 38 59.1449645064 +26 00 15.706327824           ~ 19 0
11 ICRF J014433.5+270503 BLL 01 44 33.55384903 +27 05 03.1179726       18.6   ~ 104 1
12 PMN J0156-5302 BLL 01 56 58.0038753524 -53 01 59.958409848 18.53 18.36 18.46     ~ 60 1
13 4FGL J0237.3+2000 Bz? 02 37 18.7 +20 00 05           ~ 9 0
14 RX J0338.4+1302 BLL 03 38 29.2787338512 +13 02 15.445163688   19.3   18.3   ~ 48 1
15 1RXS J034424.5+343016 BL? 03 44 24.9562591815 +34 30 18.017699047           ~ 19 0
16 4FGL J0406.0-5407 BLL 04 06 08.66 -54 04 49.9           ~ 16 1
17 PMN J0439-1900 BLL 04 39 49.7320560216 -19 01 01.419513816   18.5   18.7   ~ 37 1
18 PMN J0500-4912 BLL 05 00 38.7247385363 -49 12 16.123684371         17.227 ~ 18 1
19 NVSS J050650+032401 BLL 05 06 50.1481553527 +03 23 58.762381653           ~ 29 1
20 PMN J0550-1621 rG 05 50 51.2670617438 -16 21 49.963378602           ~ 4 1
21 4FGL J0551.0-1622 Bz? 05 51 00.1 -16 22 51           ~ 9 0
22 2FGL J0558.7-7501 BLL 05 58 46.0386222288 -74 59 05.209726560 18.05 17.55 17.26     ~ 56 1
23 2MASS J07003124-6610452 BLL 07 00 31.2536435688 -66 10 45.229749384 16.38 15.99 15.89     ~ 86 3
24 3FGL J0707.2+6101 Bla 07 06 55.7 +61 09 34           ~ 19 0
25 8C 0702+612 BLL 07 07 00.6153766680 +61 10 11.606117304       16.4   ~ 36 2
26 PMN J0746-4755 BLL 07 46 42.3051126696 -47 54 55.164019968           ~ 42 1
27 ICRF J080108.2+440110 BLL 08 01 08.27618096 +44 01 10.1560206   20.55 20.07 19.7   ~ 62 1
28 2MASS J08164977+2051063 BLL 08 16 49.7804825712 +20 51 06.430944492   18.47 18.11 18   ~ 41 1
29 9Y-MST J0851+5527 Bla 08 51 31.3 +55 28 46           ~ 19 0
30 6C 084755+553919 BLL 08 51 35.9303248152 +55 28 34.415356872   18.97 18.36 17.7   ~ 20 1
31 US 1889 BLL 08 54 09.8887760136 +44 08 30.280418016   17.40 17.14 17   ~ 70 1
32 RX J0859.5+6217 BLL 08 59 30.6406701888 +62 17 30.395554620       19.2   ~ 30 1
33 Ton 1015 BLL 09 10 37.0353299208 +33 29 24.418940568   16.19 15.71 15.9   ~ 100 2
34 PSO J149.5852-24.7332 BLL 09 58 20.4669900786 -24 43 59.645217204           ~ 34 1
35 ICRF J101950.8+632001 BLL 10 19 50.8766750136 +63 20 01.624436520   18.6 18.57 18.6   ~ 77 1
36 NVSS J105912-113422 BLL 10 59 12.4263597024 -11 34 22.779475140     17.5 16.2   ~ 89 1
37 PMN J1125-2100 BLL 11 25 08.6221054181 -21 01 06.003979244           ~ 33 1
38 3FGL J1138.2+4905 Bla 11 38 25.1 +48 57 44           ~ 29 0
39 LB 2449 BLL 12 48 18.7847605224 +58 20 28.717260720   16.10 15.78 15.19   ~ 215 1
40 NVSS J125949-374856 BLL 12 59 49.8016507752 -37 48 58.164672276         17.031 ~ 44 1
41 [VV98] J130459.2-210640 BLL 13 04 59.06934931 -21 06 42.4583082   21.0       ~ 44 1
42 PMN J1307-4259 BLL 13 07 37.9837746648 -42 59 38.986887192 16.39 16.10 15.92 15.80 14.59 ~ 68 1
43 RX J1323.9+1406 BLL 13 23 58.3628841792 +14 05 59.462518092           ~ 35 0
44 2FGL J1354.5+3703 BLL 13 54 26.6931229440 +37 06 54.575358192   17.77 17.42 17.6   ~ 42 1
45 ICRF J142741.3-330531 BLL 14 27 41.3611529328 -33 05 31.504402104       17.48   ~ 73 1
46 6C 145908+480258 BLL 15 00 48.65423270 +47 51 15.5381288   20.86 20.21 19.63   ~ 100 1
47 6C 151452+370100 Bla 15 16 49.2590288520 +36 50 22.865190252       19.30   ~ 37 1
48 1RXS J152049.3-034845 BLL 15 20 48.9055251623 -03 48 51.669744514       18.1 16.194 ~ 45 1
49 NVSS J161219-305937 Rad 16 12 19.0 -30 59 37           ~ 2 0
50 3FHL J1612.3-3100 BLL 16 12 24.0 -31 00 04           ~ 26 0
51 7C 162332.79+565907.00 BLL 16 24 32.1794532480 +56 52 28.002722844   18.76 18.13 17.82   ~ 53 1
52 3FGL J1625.0+5651 Bla 16 24 41.2 +56 51 01           ~ 22 0
53 2MASS J16492498+5235150 BLL 16 49 24.9916367448 +52 35 14.997132672       17   ~ 60 2
54 RX J1702.6+3115 BLL 17 02 38.5361606136 +31 15 43.651519344   19.46 19.03 18.4   ~ 38 1
55 PMN J1706-1932 Rad 17 06 58.68 -19 31 46.6           ~ 2 1
56 4FGL J1707.1-1931 Bz? 17 07 07.7 -19 31 39           ~ 11 0
57 ATO J268.5491+32.2064 BLL 17 54 11.7992994912 +32 12 23.055857100           ~ 62 1
58 7C 1823+6856 BLL 18 23 32.85390331 +68 57 52.6125366       19   ~ 65 1
59 6C 182826+540204 BLL 18 29 24.2822674704 +54 02 59.740254132     17.60 17.2   ~ 70 1
60 2MASS J18362123+3136268 BLL 18 36 21.2402805936 +31 36 26.730232848           ~ 55 1
61 RX J1838.7+4802 BLL 18 38 49.1550459624 +48 02 34.274232744     17.60 15.671   ~ 89 0
62 87GB 192614.4+614823 BLL 19 26 49.8911645880 +61 54 42.345978048           ~ 54 1
63 ICRF J194559.3-311138 BLL 19 45 59.3693071560 -31 11 38.356706724       18   ~ 56 1
64 1RXS J195945.8-472531 BLL 19 59 45.6659618232 -47 25 19.352198028 17.13 16.94 16.92     ~ 48 0
65 RX J2030.8+1935 BLL 20 30 57.1340134032 +19 36 12.930528420           ~ 59 2
66 3FGL J2126.5-3926 BLL 21 26 25.1958774532 -39 21 22.263659577           ~ 29 0
67 BWE 2142+3120 BLL 21 44 15.2121970848 +31 33 39.127244436           ~ 34 2
68 PHL 1744 BLL 21 46 36.9607739613 -13 44 00.663328644   17.6       ~ 46 0
69 2MASX J21494185+0322516 BLL 21 49 41.8698135840 +03 22 51.435422796 18.01 17.72 17.31     ~ 56 1
70 1RXS J224341.9-123106 BLL 22 43 41.5565321184 -12 31 37.162329456       18.6   ~ 42 1
71 NVSS J224354+202103 BLL 22 43 54.7436079792 +20 21 03.775386276       16.1   ~ 116 1
72 NVSS J232538+164641 BLL 23 25 38.1184675887 +16 46 42.726197684           ~ 42 1
73 87GB 234934.7+173227 BLL 23 52 05.8374165936 +17 49 13.745647704 19.37 18.83 18.80 17.8   ~ 45 1
74 1RXS J235836.3-180701 BLL 23 58 36.8418486539 -18 07 17.487571153   19.18   17.65   ~ 45 0

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