2026ApJ...997..184R


Query : 2026ApJ...997..184R

2026ApJ...997..184R - Astrophys. J., 997, 184 (2026/February-1)

Minijets and Broken Stationarity in a Blazar: Novel Insights into the Origin of γ-Ray Variability in CTA 102.

ROYCHOWDHURY A.

Abstract (from CDS):

High-energy blazar light curves, in X-rays and beyond, have historically preferred a log-normal flux distribution, signifying multiplicative processes either in the jet itself or due to connection(s) with accretion. Here we present 18 yr archival Fermi Large Area Telescope light curves (0.1-100 GeV) of the flat spectrum radio quasar CTA 102 from 2008 August to 2025 November, which underwent a huge flare in 2017, with a ∼ factor of 100 jump in γ-ray flux, along with similar flaring in X-rays. Our statistical analyses confirm that neither the pre- nor the postflare total GeV light curves follow a strictly log-normal distribution. Instead, we observe a statistically significant reduction in skewness from the pre- to the postflare light curves, which implies the blazar transitioned from an energetic state with frequent flaring to a more plateaued state with occasional flaring. We further find that this state transition can be explained through magnetic relaxation, where many reconnection events caused the 2017 flare, after which the magnetic field was ordered and its energy reached a minimum. To explain this further, we use a Monte Carlo simulation of a modified minijets-in-a-jet model where GeV flares are produced only when a maximum number of minijets move toward the broad line region and toward the line of sight, in the context of an external Compton model. The flux distributions (both observed and simulated) could be fit by a modified log-normal power-law distribution, implying our minijets model can reproduce the GeV flares in CTA 102 as well as their flux distributions.

Abstract Copyright: © 2026. The Author(s). Published by the American Astronomical Society.

Journal keyword(s): Flat-spectrum radio quasars

Simbad objects: 1

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Number of rows : 1
N Identifier Otype ICRS (J2000)
RA
ICRS (J2000)
DEC
Mag U Mag B Mag V Mag R Mag I Sp type #ref
1850 - 2026
#notes
1 4C 11.69 Bla 22 32 36.40890093 +11 43 50.9040592   17.75 17.33     ~ 1205 2

Query : 2026ApJ...997..184R

Basic data :
4C 11.69 -- Blazar
Other object types:
otypes_help
Rad (2014ApJS,4C,...), QSO (2010ApJ,QSO,...), gam (2AGL,2EG,...), Bla (2009A&A,RBPL,...), X (2009A&A,1E,...), AGN (2011ApJ), G (LEDA,[HSN2016]), * (USNO,Gaia), UV (GALEX,UVQS), MIR (WISEA,WISE), Q? (2021MNRAS), AG? (2022ApJS), NIR (2MASS)
ICRS coord. (ep=J2000) :
22 32 36.40890093 +11 43 50.9040592 (Radio) [ 0.0327514 0.0375 0 ] A 2020A&A...644A.159C
FK4 coord. (ep=B1950 eq=1950) :
22 30 07.81126892 +11 28 22.7077456 [ 0.0327514 0.0375 0 ]
Gal coord. (ep=J2000) :
077.43790775921 -38.58249241282 [ 0.0327514 0.0375 0 ]
Proper motions mas/yr :
-0.053 -0.044 [0.049 0.050 90] A 2020yCat.1350....0G
Radial velocity / Redshift / cz :
V(km/s) 183284 [150] / z(emission) 1.03624018 [0.0005] / cz 310656.9906 [150]
   (Opt) C 2022ApJS..261....2K
Parallaxes (mas):
0.0263 [0.0357] A 2020yCat.1350....0G
Fluxes (6) :
B 17.75 [~] D 2010A&A...518A..10V
V 17.33 [~] D 2010A&A...518A..10V
G 15.961690 [0.055710] C 2020yCat.1350....0G
J 15.174 [0.045] C 2003yCat.2246....0C
H 14.556 [0.063] C 2003yCat.2246....0C
K 13.765 [0.052] C 2003yCat.2246....0C
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Identifiers (106) :
An access of full data is available using the icon Vizier near the identifier of the catalogue

4C 11.69 87GB 223008.3+112820 RGB J2232+117 [BDW2002] q2230+1128
2AGL J2232+1132 ICRF J223236.4+114350 RORF 2230+114 [CGL99] 24
BWE 2230+1128 IERS B2230+114 RX J2232.5+1143 [DGT2001] B2230+114
4C -11.69 INTREF 1082 RX J2232.6+1143 [GGR94] 2230+114
CLASS J223236.4110+114350.886 JVAS J2232+1143 1RXS J223236.8+114331 [HB93] 2230+114
CTA 102 JVAS B2230+114 S2 2230+11 [HSN2016] J338.15+11.73
Cul 2230+114 1Jy 2230+11 SQUAD DR1 J223236+114350 [IN88] 2230+114
DA 582 1Jy 2230+114 SWIFT J2232.3+1141 [LBD96] J2233+1140
1E 2230.1+1128 LEDA 2819036 SWIFT J2232.5+1141 [MGL2009] BZQ J2232+1143
2E 4622 2MASS J22323640+1143508 TGSSADR J223236.4+114350 [MML2015] 5BZQ J2232+1143
2E 2230.1+1128 MC2 2230+11.4 TIC 418977201 [P82] 2230+114
2EG J2233+1140 MITG J223236+1143 TXS 2230+114 [S77] 377
3EG J2232+1147 MRC 2230+114 USNO-A2.0 0975-20981161 [SBS92] 2230+114
EGR J2234+1127 NEWPS5 J2232+1143 UT 2230+114 [SJS95] 2230+114
0FGL J2232.4+1141 NVSS J223236+114350 UVQS J223236.41+114350.8 [VV2000] J223236.4+114351
1FGL J2232.5+1144 OHIO Y 150 VLSSr J223236.5+114347 [VV2003] J223236.4+114351
2FGL J2232.4+1143 PBC J2232.4+1144 VLSS J2232.6+1143 [VV2006] J223236.4+114351
3FGL J2232.5+1143 PCCS2 143 G077.42-38.59 VSOP J2232+1143 [VV2010] J223236.4+114351
4FGL J2232.5+1143 PKS 2230+114 WB 2230+1128 [VV96] J223236.4+114351
4FGL J2232.6+1143 PKS J2232+1143 WISEA J223236.41+114350.8 [VV98] J223236.4+114351
3FHL J2232.7+1143 PKS 2230+11 WISE J223236.40+114350.9 [WCO2009] J223235+114250
FIRST J223236.3+114350 QSO B2230+1128 WMAP 47 [WTW94] 2230+114
FL8Y J2232.5+1143 QSO J2232+1143 WMAP J2232+1144 [ZEH2003] RX J2232.6+1143 2
1FLE J2231+1132 QSO B2230+114 WMAP J2232+1143 Gaia DR3 2730046556694317312
GALEX J223236.4+114351 RBPL J2232+1143 WMAP J2232+1142 Gaia DR2 2730046556694317312
GB6 B2230+1128 RFC J2232+1143 9Y-MST J2232+1143
GB6 J2232+1143 RGB J2232.6+1143 [ATZ98] F100

References (1205 between 1850 and 2026) (Total 1205)
Simbad bibliographic survey began in 1850 for stars (at least bright stars) and in 1983 for all other objects (outside the solar system).
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Collections of Measurements Description of Measurements

Velocities : 14    Plx : 2    PM : 3   

   

Observing logs
ISO : 4   

   


External archives :

Archive data at HEASARC - High-Energy Astrophysics Science Archive Research Center

Data at NED - NASA/IPAC Extragalactic Database : 4C 11.69

Link by name to the catalogue in VizieR :

4C 11.69 BWE 2230+1128 4C -11.69 2E 4622 3EG J2232+1147
FIRST J223236.3+114350 GALEX J223236.4+114351 IERS B2230+114 2MASS J22323640+1143508 MITG J223236+1143
NVSS J223236+114350 PKS 2230+114 PKS J2232+1143 PKS 2230+11 1RXS J223236.8+114331
USNO-A2.0 0975-20981161 VSOP J2232+1143 WISEA J223236.41+114350.8 WISE J223236.40+114350.9 WMAP J2232+1144
WMAP J2232+1143 WMAP J2232+1142 Gaia DR3 2730046556694317312 Gaia DR2 2730046556694317312

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