2026ApJ...997..340M

Query : 2026ApJ...997..340M

2026ApJ...997..340M - Astrophys. J., 997, 340 (2026/February-1)

The ALMA-QUARKS Survey: Hot Molecular Cores Are a Long-standing Phenomenon in the Evolution of Massive Protostars.

MENG D., LIU T., ESIMBEK J., QIN S.-L., GARAY G., GOLDSMITH P.F., ZHOU J., TANG X., JIAO W., ZHANG Y.-K., XU F., ZHANG S., TEJ A., BRONFMAN L., YANG A., DIB S., DAS S.R., HWANG J., SOAM A., QIU Y., LI D., HE Y., WU G., DEWANGAN L., CHIBUEZE J.O., GARCIA P., GORAI P., BHADARI N.K., ZHANG Y., SANHUEZA P., LUO Y., ZOU J.-H., KIM K.-T., YANG D., ZHU L., LIU X., GORDON M. and MA Y.

Abstract (from CDS):

We present an analysis of the QUARKS survey sample, focusing on protoclusters where hot molecular cores (HMCs; traced by CH3CN (12-11)) and HC/UC H II regions (traced by H30α/H40α) coexist. Using the high-resolution, high-sensitivity 1.3 mm data from the QUARKS survey, we identify 125 hot molecular fragments (HMFs), which represent the substructures of HMCs at higher resolution. From line integrated intensity maps of CH3CN (123-113) and H30α, we resolve the spatial distribution of HMFs and HC/UC H II regions. By combining with observations of 12CO (2-1) outflows and 1.3 mm continuum, we classify HMFs into four types: HMFs associated with jetlike outflow, wide-angle outflow, and nondetectable outflow and shell-like HMFs near HC/UC H II regions. This diversity possibly indicates that the hot core could be a polymorphic and long-standing phenomenon in the evolution of massive protostars. The separation between HMFs and H30α/H40α emission suggests that sequential high-mass star formation within young protoclusters is not likely related to feedback mechanisms.

Abstract Copyright: © 2026. The Author(s). Published by the American Astronomical Society.

Journal keyword(s): Star formation - Protostars - Star forming regions

Simbad objects: 44

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Number of rows : 44
N Identifier Otype ICRS (J2000)
RA 		ICRS (J2000)
DEC 		Mag U Mag B Mag V Mag R Mag I Sp type #ref
1850 - 2026 		#notes
1 NAME Orion-KL SFR 05 35 14.16 -05 22 21.5           ~ 2421 1
2 GUM 43 HII 12 34 54.4 -61 39 25           ~ 61 1
3 IRAS 12326-6245 HII 12 35 35.184 -63 02 29.40           ~ 55 0
4 IRAS 12572-6316 HII 13 00 25.0 -63 32 34           ~ 11 0
5 IRAS 13471-6120 cor 13 50 41.810 -61 35 10.67           ~ 65 0
6 IRAS 15254-5621 Y*? 15 29 19.33 -56 31 22.8           ~ 108 0
7 IRAS 15290-5546 HII 15 32 52.654 -55 56 10.63           ~ 24 0
8 IRAS 15411-5352 HII 15 44 59.448 -54 02 13.92           ~ 41 2
9 [MHL2007] G326.4719-00.3777 1 Y*? 15 47 49.800 -54 58 34.32           ~ 19 0
10 IRAS 15502-5302 HII 15 54 07.2 -53 11 20           ~ 51 0
11 IRAS 15520-5234 HII 15 55 48.336 -52 43 10.20           ~ 59 1
12 IRAS 15567-5236 HII 16 00 32.9 -52 44 45           ~ 35 0
13 IRAS 16037-5223 HII 16 07 38.064 -52 31 03.72           ~ 21 0
14 IRAS 16060-5146 HII 16 09 52.776 -51 54 52.20           ~ 44 0
15 IRAS 16065-5158 HII 16 10 21.8 -52 06 04           ~ 39 0
16 IRAS 16071-5142 HII 16 11 00 -51 50.3           ~ 40 0
17 IRAS 16164-5046 HII 16 20 14.1 -50 53 20           ~ 43 0
18 IRAS 16172-5028 HII 16 21 00.4 -50 35 21           ~ 50 0
19 IRAS 16313-4729 HII 16 35 01.2 -47 36 03           ~ 18 1
20 IRAS 16348-4654 HII 16 38 30.901 -47 00 46.20           ~ 17 1
21 IRAS 16351-4722 HII 16 38 52.032 -47 28 11.28           ~ 37 0
22 IRAS 16445-4459 HII 16 48 05.2 -45 05 09           ~ 39 0
23 IRAS 16458-4512 HII 16 49 30.144 -45 17 48.48           ~ 25 1
24 IRAS 16562-3959 SFR 16 59 42.257 -40 03 45.17           ~ 77 0
25 IRAS 17016-4124 SFR 17 05 11.160 -41 29 06.00           ~ 75 0
26 IRAS 17143-3700 HII 17 17 45.6 -37 03 28           ~ 20 0
27 GAL 350.10+00.09 HII 17 19 26.1 -37 10 54           ~ 43 0
28 NAME NGC 6334F (C) HII 17 20 53.45 -35 47 02.6           ~ 244 1
29 IRAS 17204-3636 HII 17 23 49.8 -36 38 47           ~ 20 0
30 GAL 351.58-00.35 HII 17 25 25.2 -36 12 46           ~ 40 0
31 GAL 353.41-00.36 HII 17 30 26.2 -34 41 45           ~ 54 1
32 GAL 005.63+00.24 Y*O 17 57 33.34 -23 58 22.3           ~ 26 0
33 GAL 008.14+00.23 HII 18 03 00.4 -21 48 05           ~ 48 0
34 GAL 009.62+00.19 HII 18 06 13.9 -20 31 44           ~ 226 0
35 GAL 010.46+00.03 HII 18 08 35.5 -19 52 09           ~ 59 0
36 CORNISH G011.9368-00.6158 HII 18 14 01.0 -18 53 23           ~ 88 1
37 GAL 013.875+00.28 HII 18 14 35.2 -16 45 21           ~ 99 0
38 CORNISH G029.9559-00.0168 Y*O 18 46 04.18 -02 39 21.3           ~ 385 0
39 GAL 031.40-00.26 HII 18 49 33.04 -01 29 03.7           ~ 53 0
40 RAFGL 5536 HII 18 50 30.8 -00 01 59           ~ 48 0
41 RAFGL 2271 SFR 18 53 18.54 +01 14 57.9           ~ 537 0
42 IRAS 19078+0901 HII 19 10 15.6 +09 06 05           ~ 44 0
43 IRAS 19095+0930 cor 19 11 54.09216 +09 35 49.6896           ~ 115 0
44 GAL 043.18-00.52 HII 19 12 23.19 +08 32 12.2           ~ 43 0

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