2026ApJ...997L..15L

Query : 2026ApJ...997L..15L

2026ApJ...997L..15L - Astrophys. J., 997, L15 (2026/January-3)

New Evidence for Extragalactic Einstein Probe Transients Associated with Long Gamma-Ray Bursts.

LI Q.-M., SUN Q.-B., QIAN S.-B. and LI F.-X.

Abstract (from CDS):

The origin of extragalactic fast X-ray transients (EFXTs) remains a fundamental open question in high-energy astrophysics. The Einstein Probe (EP) mission provides a transformative opportunity to investigate their nature. While mounting observations of EP-discovered EFXTs (EP-EFXTs) suggest a possible connection to long gamma-ray bursts (lGRBs), an in-depth comparative analysis between them remains lacking. Here, we present a comparative analysis of their cosmic formation histories, revealing that EP-EFXTs and lGRBs share a similar evolutionary trend-showing a marked decline at z < 1.0 and a plateau beyond 1.0 < z < 5-that clearly distinguishes them from short GRBs. This result is derived from a rigorously selected sample of EP-EFXTs, using Lynden-Bell's c– method to reconstruct, for the first time, the luminosity function and formation rate of EP-EFXTs without any assumptions. Our findings provide independent evidence that EP-EFXTs and lGRBs may originate from a common progenitor channel.

Abstract Copyright: © 2026. The Author(s). Published by the American Astronomical Society.

Journal keyword(s): X-ray transient sources - X-ray astronomy - Gamma-ray bursts - Star formation

Simbad objects: 28

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Number of rows : 28
N Identifier Otype ICRS (J2000)
RA 		ICRS (J2000)
DEC 		Mag U Mag B Mag V Mag R Mag I Sp type #ref
1850 - 2026 		#notes
1 EP 250827a ev 00 13 57 -56 27.8           ~ 3 0
2 EP 240806a ev 00 45 58 +05 05.5           ~ 4 0
3 EP 241021a ev 01 55 23.4 +05 56 18           ~ 17 0
4 EP 241107a ev 02 20 02.50 +03 20 01.8           ~ 5 0
5 EP 241217a ev 03 07 50 +30 54.1           ~ 6 0
6 SN 2025kg SN* 03 42 28.389 -22 30 21.28           SNIc-BL 26 0
7 GRB 240219A gB 05 20 07 +25 32.0           ~ 18 0
8 GRB 241217A gB 05 36 40 -25 16.9           ~ 4 0
9 EP 250223a ev 06 33 02 -22 25.9           ~ 4 0
10 EP 250205a ev 07 34 05 +32 21.8           ~ 4 0
11 GRB 250404A gB 08 20 14.4 -35 31 42           ~ 6 0
12 EP 241113a ev 08 47 59.1 +52 22 53           ~ 5 0
13 EP 240315a ev 09 26 35 -09 32.8           ~ 59 0
14 EP 250215a ev 10 25 22.3 -27 42 14           ~ 3 0
15 GRB 240315C gB 10 37 22.0 +10 50 04           ~ 21 0
16 EP 250302a ev 11 18 03.580 +33 35 09.06           ~ 4 0
17 EP 250125a ev 11 41 27.39 -21 42 51.5           ~ 4 0
18 EP 250321a ev 11 57 03.0 +17 21 46           ~ 4 0
19 SN 2024gsa SN* 12 46 01.669 -09 43 08.88           SNIc-BL 32 0
20 EP 250304a ev 13 53 35 -42 49.1           ~ 10 0
21 EP 250226a ev 14 57 06 +20 58.4           ~ 5 0
22 GRB 250416C gB 17 05 36 +25 46.1           ~ 3 0
23 GRB 250427A gB 18 29 07 +07 34.2           ~ 4 0
24 EP 250821a ev 19 19 25 -43 24.6           ~ 3 0
25 GRB 250704B gB 20 03 29 +12 01.8           ~ 4 0
26 GRB 240804B gB 22 30 35 -39 07.3           ~ 5 0
27 EP 241030a ev 22 52 03 +80 26.9           ~ 5 0
28 EP 240801a gB 23 00 34 +32 36.6           ~ 16 0

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