2026ApJ...999..199Y

Query : 2026ApJ...999..199Y

2026ApJ...999..199Y - Astrophys. J., 999, 199 (2026/March-2)

Insights into the Physical Nature of Polar-ring Galaxies from H I Observations.

YU N., ZHENG H., TSAI C.-W., ZUO P., HO L.C., SAINTONGE A., ZHENG Z., DEG N., TANG N., AI X., WANG J., JIE X. and LI D.

Abstract (from CDS):

Polar-ring galaxies (PRGs) host an outer ring of gas and stars oriented nearly perpendicular to the main stellar body. They represent extreme examples of misaligned systems and provide valuable insights into galaxy interactions, gas accretion, and peculiar gas dynamics. We compile a complete sample of kinematically confirmed PRGs and collect their H I measurements. Combining literature data with new observations from the Five-hundred-meter Aperture Spherical Telescope, we detect H I emission in 22 sources, identify 1 potential H I absorption feature, and find 4 nondetections among 40 confirmed PRGs. Compared to galaxies in the ALFALFA and xGASS surveys, PRGs predominantly occupy the green valley or quenched regimes but exhibit higher gas fractions than typical early-type galaxies, suggesting gas accretion. The H I profile asymmetry and shape for PRGs are not consistent with those of the ALFALFA sample with p < 0.05. We examine their Tully-Fisher relation (TFR) and baryonic TFR (bTFR), linking the systems' rotation velocities to their masses. The extreme outliers in TFRs for the control sample tend to display single-peaked H I profiles. PRGs do not follow a tight TFR or bTFR if the H I resides primarily in the host galaxy. But the scatter decreases significantly if we assume the gas is mainly distributed in the polar ring. Spatially resolved H I observations are essential to disentangling the gas distributions and kinematics in PRGs, which are key to understanding their formation mechanisms.

Abstract Copyright: © 2026. The Author(s). Published by the American Astronomical Society.

Journal keyword(s): D galaxies - Ring galaxies - Interstellar atomic gas - Scaling relations - Galaxy evolution

Simbad objects: 46

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Number of rows : 46
N Identifier Otype ICRS (J2000)
RA 		ICRS (J2000)
DEC 		Mag U Mag B Mag V Mag R Mag I Sp type #ref
1850 - 2026 		#notes
1 LEDA 3099131 Sy2 00 09 11.6026757880 -00 36 54.780123708 18 19.09 18.27 15.92   ~ 52 1
2 2MASX J00264151+2551018 G 00 26 41.5106802408 +25 51 01.729694916           ~ 6 0
3 2MASX J00410343-0956284 AGN 00 41 03.4328472480 -09 56 27.897163044     16.72     ~ 13 0
4 IC 51 AG? 00 46 24.215 -13 26 32.63   13.41   12.69 12.8 ~ 98 0
5 ESO 474-26 Sy2 00 47 07.5377265072 -24 22 14.800438812   14.51 15.7 13.54   ~ 58 0
6 IC 1689 GiG 01 23 47.8730638824 +33 03 19.075686660   14.8       ~ 55 0
7 2MASX J01385522-0745553 GiC 01 38 55.2336829296 -07 45 55.565640144   15.62       ~ 75 0
8 NGC 660 Sy2 01 43 02.350 +13 38 44.45   12.02 11.16     ~ 588 2
9 MCG-05-07-001 Sy2 02 28 20.1024142368 -31 52 51.628774224   14.6   13.14   ~ 82 0
10 MCG-01-07-035 AG? 02 41 57.0020120952 -06 47 32.239181220   16   14.40   ~ 29 0
11 SDSS J024258.42-005709.3 G 02 42 58.4250099168 -00 57 09.209355048           ~ 9 0
12 LEDA 3444084 G 07 52 34.3259200008 +29 20 49.702856748           ~ 20 0
13 Z 178-33 AGN 08 10 56.118 +36 49 45.60   14.7       ~ 51 0
14 LEDA 1489167 G 08 20 38.1731009016 +15 36 59.906674368           ~ 11 0
15 Z 89-15 LSB 08 23 51.9709764240 +14 45 06.224088960   14.40       ~ 63 0
16 NGC 2685 Sy2 08 55 34.7027817000 +58 44 03.876540108   13.68 12.70     ~ 459 1
17 2MASS J09015012+5212226 G 09 01 50.1403024872 +52 12 22.466542140           ~ 5 0
18 NGC 2748 GiG 09 13 43.03707 +76 28 31.2310   11.7       ~ 223 0
19 LEDA 2349030 G 09 14 53.6574806832 +49 38 23.921324412           ~ 9 0
20 Z 121-53 LIN 09 18 15.9709512816 +20 22 05.368588068   15.7       ~ 18 0
21 Z 181-67 Sy2 09 37 12.653 +38 05 32.36   14.5       ~ 43 0
22 NGC 3656 G 11 23 38.6139450288 +53 50 31.100522064 14.50 14.25 12.75     ~ 148 2
23 LEDA 1682548 G 11 44 44.0293443360 +23 09 44.911888524           ~ 14 0
24 Z 68-56 Sy1 11 45 30.2538950184 +09 43 44.750744184   15.49 14.88     ~ 33 0
25 NGC 4262 GiG 12 19 30.5694336288 +14 52 39.517143276 13.00 12.49 11.55     ~ 378 1
26 MCG+05-29-086 GiC 12 27 41.8591778952 +28 41 53.026524312   16.0       ~ 68 0
27 NGC 4650A Sy2 12 44 49.0352044176 -40 42 51.691570488   14.12 13.58 13.29 13.9 ~ 205 0
28 LEDA 2354098 G 12 53 09.7658301456 +49 48 32.446206648           ~ 9 0
29 SPRC 39 G 13 08 16.9283060304 +45 22 35.047855272           ~ 9 0
30 Z 245-22 EmG 13 08 19.1661180480 +45 21 42.060110652   14.6       ~ 31 0
31 NGC 5014 H2G 13 11 31.2417164616 +36 16 55.998720012   13.5       ~ 161 1
32 NGC 5068 AG? 13 18 54.807 -21 02 20.76 11.24 10.53 10.01 9.78 10.1 ~ 354 0
33 NGC 5122 Sy1 13 24 14.9402501712 -10 39 15.431171292   14   13.36   ~ 53 0
34 NAME Centaurus A BLL 13 25 27.61521044 -43 01 08.8050291   8.18 6.84 6.66   ~ 4774 3
35 ESO 576-69 AGN 13 30 05.2922517744 -20 55 59.033372232   14.60   13.54   ~ 58 0
36 Z 193-6 GiP 14 51 14.3956253136 +35 32 32.932212324   14.2       ~ 166 0
37 MCG+07-31-048 SyG 15 15 56.3061737160 +43 10 00.480168228   16.0       ~ 58 0
38 LEDA 3567685 G 15 47 24.3182760048 +38 55 50.287640448           ~ 8 0
39 SDSS J163651.99+341504.3 EmG 16 36 51.9927353784 +34 15 04.245899616           ~ 5 0
40 Z 225-97 G 17 17 44.1328864608 +40 41 52.032474240   15.5       ~ 19 0
41 2MASX J19383837-5627283 G 19 38 38.372 -56 27 28.39   16.33   14.92   ~ 13 0
42 AM 1934-563 G 19 38 39 -56 27.3           ~ 15 1
43 LEDA 64612 Sy2 20 23 54.9120351168 -50 39 06.848951112   14.72   13.59   ~ 63 0
44 LEDA 65406 LIN 20 48 05.667 +00 04 07.83   16.8       ~ 34 0
45 ESO 603-21 Sy2 22 51 22.061 -20 14 49.62   15.50   14.07   ~ 49 0
46 NGC 7625 AG? 23 20 30.132 +17 13 32.16 13.31 13.23 11.98 11.25   ~ 280 0

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