2026ApJ...999..239L


Query : 2026ApJ...999..239L

2026ApJ...999..239L - Astrophys. J., 999, 239 (2026/March-2)

An Archival Optical Counterpart Search for Extragalactic Fast X-Ray Transients Discovered by Einstein Probe.

LIANG R.-D., LI W.-X., LIU L.-D., SMITH K.W., SMARTT S.J., WU Q.-Y., LI N., RAU A., WANG L.-Z., REST A., SUN N.-C., BAUER F.E., TREISTER E., HUANG J.-S., CHACON J., BRENNAN S.J., NICHOLL M., CHEN T.-W., ARYAN A., YANG S., KONG A.K.H., REST S., WANG Q.-N., GILLANDERS J.H., LI D.-Y., LI A., YANG J., ZHAO Q.-C., SUN H., XU Y.-F., LING Z.-X., DE BOER T.J.L., CHAMBERS K.C., LIN C.-C., LOWE T.B., MAGNIER E.A., WAINSCOAT R.J., QUIROLA-VASQUEZ J., WANG X.-F., TINYANONT S., HU J.-W., LIU H.-Y., CHENG H.-Q., PENG H.-W., ZHANG C., ZHAO D.-H., HUANG M.-H., CHEN Y., JIA S.-M., LI C.-K., GUAN J., CUI C.-Z., LIU Y. and YUAN W.

Abstract (from CDS):

Extragalactic fast X-ray transients (eFXTs) represent a rapidly growing class of high-energy phenomena, whose physical origins remain poorly understood. With its wide-field, sensitive all-sky monitoring, the Einstein Probe (EP) has greatly increased the discovery rate of eFXTs. The search for and identification of the optical counterparts of eFXTs are vital for understanding their classification and constraining their physical origin. Yet, a considerable fraction of eFXTs still lack secure classifications due to the absence of timely follow-up observations. We carry out a systematic search of publicly available optical survey data and transient databases (including the Zwicky Transient Facility and the Transient Name Server) for optical counterparts to eFXT candidates detected by EP. In this paper, we describe our ongoing program and report the first results. Specifically, we identified the eFXT EP240506a to be associated with a UV/optical counterpart, AT 2024ofs. Spectroscopy of its host galaxy with the Very Large Telescope yields a redshift of z = 0.120 ± 0.002. By combining archival survey data with early-time multiwavelength observations, we find that the luminosity and light-curve evolution of AT 2024ofs are consistent with a core-collapse supernova origin. From detectability simulations, we estimate a local event rate density ${\rho }_{0}=8.{8}_{-3.9}^{+21.2}\,{{\rm{yr}}}^{-1}\,{{\rm{Gpc}}}^{-3}$ for EP240506a-like events, and completeness-corrected rate of about 36-78 yr–1 Gpc–3 for EP-detected X-ray transients associated with supernovae. Our results demonstrate the potential of EP to uncover prompt high-energy emission from core-collapse supernovae and underscore the critical importance of timely follow-up of future eFXT events.

Abstract Copyright: © 2026. The Author(s). Published by the American Astronomical Society.

Journal keyword(s): X-ray transient sources - Gamma-ray bursts - Core-collapse supernovae - Type Ic supernovae - Relativistic jets - High energy astrophysics

Simbad objects: 38

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Number of rows : 38
N Identifier Otype ICRS (J2000)
RA
ICRS (J2000)
DEC
Mag U Mag B Mag V Mag R Mag I Sp type #ref
1850 - 2026
#notes
1 EP 250827b ev 02 26 19 +37 29.9           ~ 3 0
2 SN 2006aj SN* 03 21 39.670 +16 52 02.27 17.96 19.11 17.40     SNIc-BL 1007 1
3 SN 2025kg SN* 03 42 28.389 -22 30 21.28           SNIc-BL 26 0
4 SN 2010bh SN* 07 10 30.63 -56 15 19.7           SNIc 336 1
5 AT 2025ccx ev 07 15 19.692 +59 32 06.07           ~ 1 0
6 SN 2012bz SN* 09 07 38.38 +14 01 07.5           SNIb/c 193 1
7 SN 2008D SN* 09 09 30.625 +33 08 20.16     17.5     SNIb 458 1
8 EP 240315a ev 09 26 35 -09 32.8           ~ 59 0
9 AT 2024eju ev 09 26 35.432 -09 32 02.74           ~ 9 0
10 GRB 240315C gB 10 37 22.0 +10 50 04           ~ 21 0
11 AT 2025kbw ev 11 33 21.050 -00 36 29.17           ~ 1 0
12 AT 2024fyr ev 12 13 07.757 +10 06 39.88           ~ 1 0
13 SN 2024gsa SN* 12 46 01.669 -09 43 08.88           SNIc-BL 32 0
14 SDSS J124601.99-094309.3 G 12 46 01.9992569795 -09 43 09.360802744           ~ 6 0
15 EP 250304a ev 13 53 35 -42 49.1           ~ 10 0
16 SN 2025fhm SN* 13 53 34.680 -42 48 16.71           ~ 1 0
17 EPW 20240326aa X 14 02.0 +39 22           ~ 1 0
18 AT 2024fkr ev 14 02 21.268 +39 22 12.98           ~ 1 0
19 AT 2024ofs ev 14 15 50.126 -16 39 38.94           ~ 1 0
20 SDSS J141550.45-163937.0 G 14 15 50.45646 -16 39 37.0789           ~ 1 0
21 EP 240506a ev 14 15 54 -16 42.4           ~ 3 0
22 GRB 250226A gB 14 48 +23.8           ~ 3 0
23 AT 2024ode ev 14 53 55.939 +18 38 36.70           ~ 1 0
24 AT 2025dbz ev 14 57 03.580 +20 58 31.70           ~ 1 0
25 EP 250226a ev 14 57 06 +20 58.4           ~ 5 0
26 AT 2025lph ev 15 42 23.906 -07 27 34.00           ~ 1 0
27 EP 240425a ev 15 43 02.64 -04 54 32.4           ~ 1 0
28 AT 2024ocl ev 15 43 02.813 -04 54 24.98           ~ 1 0
29 CRTS CSS160906 J160346+193540 CV* 16 03 46.0799927176 +19 35 39.951197980           ~ 9 0
30 AT 2024loi ev 16 03 46.100 +19 35 39.77           ~ 1 0
31 2CXO J160346.6+193540 X 16 03 46.6389 +19 35 40.677           ~ 1 0
32 SN 2018cow SN* 16 16 00.254 +22 16 05.10           SNIb 305 0
33 AT 2025inn ev 18 29 05.720 +07 33 46.70           ~ 1 0
34 GRB 250427A gB 18 29 07 +07 34.2           ~ 4 0
35 GRB 241030A gB 22 03.0 +77 47           ~ 10 0
36 EP 241030a ev 22 52 03 +80 26.9           ~ 5 0
37 AT 2024zuk ev 22 52 33.190 +80 26 59.90           ~ 1 0
38 EP 240801a gB 23 00 34 +32 36.6           ~ 16 0

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