2026ApJ..1000...87T

Query : 2026ApJ..1000...87T

2026ApJ..1000...87T - Astrophys. J., 1000, 87 (2026/March-3)

DELVE Milky Way Satellite Galaxy Census. I. Satellite Population and Survey Selection Function in DES, DELVE, and Pan-STARRS.

TAN C.Y., DRLICA-WAGNER A., PACE A.B., CERNY W., NADLER E.O., DOLIVA-DOLINSKY A., ANBAJAGANE D., LI T.S., SIMON J.D., VIVAS A.K., WALKER A.R., ADAMOW M., BECHTOL K., CARLIN J.L., CASEY Q.O., CHANG C., CHATURVEDI A., CHENG T.-Y., CHITI A., CHOI Y., CRNOJEVIC D., FERGUSON P.S., GRUENDL R.A., JI A.P., LIMBERG G., MEDINA G.E., MUTLU-PAKDIL B., NOEL N.E.D., OVERDECK K., PLACCO V.M., RILEY A.H., SAND D.J., SHARP J., SHERMAN N.F., STRINGFELLOW G.S., WECHSLER R.H., AGUENA M., ALLAM S., ALVES O., BACON D., BROOKS D., BURKE D.L., CAMILLERI R., CARBALLO-BELLO J.A., CARNERO ROSELL A., CARRETERO J., DA COSTA L.N., DA SILVA PEREIRA M.E., DAVIS T.M., DE VICENTE J., DESAI S., EVERETT S., FLAUGHER B., FRIEMAN J., GARCIA-BELLIDO J., GRUEN D., GUTIERREZ G., HERNER K., HINTON S.R., HOLLOWOOD D.L., JAMES D.J., KUEHN K., LAHAV O., LEE S., MARSHALL J.L., MARTINEZ-VAZQUEZ C.E., MASSANA P., MENA-FERNANDEZ J., MIQUEL R., MUIR J., MYLES J., OGANDO R.L.C., PLAZAS MALAGON A.A., PORREDON A., SANCHEZ E., SANCHEZ CID D., SEVILLA-NOARBE I., SMITH M., SUCHYTA E., SWANSON M.E.C., TO C., TOLLERUD E.J., TUCKER D.L., VIKRAM V., WEAVERDYCK N., YAMAMOTO M., ZENTENO A. (The DELVE and DES Collaborations)

Abstract (from CDS):

The properties of Milky Way satellite galaxies have important implications for galaxy formation, reionization, and the fundamental physics of dark matter. However, the population of Milky Way satellites includes the faintest known galaxies, and current observations are incomplete. To understand the impact of observational selection effects on the known satellite population, we perform rigorous, quantitative estimates of the Milky Way satellite galaxy detection efficiency in three wide-field survey datasets: the Dark Energy Survey Year 6, the DECam Local Volume Exploration Data Release 3, and the Pan-STARRS1 Data Release 1. Together, these surveys cover ∼13,600 deg2 to g ∼ 24.0 and ∼27,700 deg2 to g ∼ 22.5, spanning ∼91% of the high-Galactic-latitude sky (∣b∣ ≥ 15°). We apply multiple detection algorithms over the combined footprint and recover 49 known satellites above a strict census detection threshold. To characterize the sensitivity of our census, we run our detection algorithms on a large set of simulated galaxies injected into the survey data, which allows us to develop models that predict the detectability of satellites as a function of their properties. We then fit an empirical model to our data and infer the luminosity function, radial distribution, and size-luminosity relation of Milky Way satellite galaxies. Our empirical model predicts a total of $26{5}_{-47}^{+79}$ satellite galaxies with -20 ≤ MV ≤ 0, half-light radii of 15 ≤ r1/2, (pc) ≤ 3000, and galactocentric distances of 10 ≤ DGC(kpc) ≤ 300. We also identify a mild anisotropy in the angular distribution of the observed galaxies, at a significance of ∼2σ, which can be attributed to the clustering of satellites associated with the LMC.

Abstract Copyright: © 2026. The Author(s). Published by the American Astronomical Society.

Journal keyword(s): Dwarf galaxies - Local Group - Milky Way dark matter halo - Sky surveys - Dark matter

Simbad objects: 102

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Number of rows : 102
N Identifier Otype ICRS (J2000)
RA 		ICRS (J2000)
DEC 		Mag U Mag B Mag V Mag R Mag I Sp type #ref
1850 - 2026 		#notes
1 NAME Tuc IV G 00 02.9 -60 51           ~ 90 0
2 [LQS2016] DES J0034-4902 GlC 00 33 59.60 -49 02 19.8           ~ 18 0
3 M 31 AGN 00 42 44.330 +41 16 07.50 4.86 4.36 3.44     ~ 13622 1
4 NAME SMC G 00 52 38.0 -72 48 01   2.79 2.2     ~ 12317 1
5 NAME Sculptor Dwarf Galaxy G 01 00 09.4 -33 42 32   9.79 8.6 8.81   ~ 1498 4
6 NAME Cetus II G 01 17.9 -17 25           ~ 56 0
7 NAME Phoenix Dwarf Galaxy Sy1 01 51 06.3 -44 26 41   13.48 13.2 12.69   ~ 575 2
8 DELVE 2 Cl* 01 55 05 -68 15.2     17.16     ~ 20 0
9 NAME Cetus III Dwarf Galaxy LSB 02 05 19.40 -04 16 12.0           ~ 32 0
10 DELVE 6 Cl* 02 12 17 -66 03.4     18.01     ~ 4 0
11 NAME Tri II G 02 13 17.40 +36 10 42.4           ~ 164 0
12 NAME Segue 2 G 02 19 16.0 +20 10 31     15.2     ~ 299 0
13 NAME Eri III G 02 22 45.480 -52 17 04.92           ~ 79 0
14 NAME Hydrus I G 02 29 33.4 -79 18 32           ~ 80 0
15 MCG-06-07-001 G 02 39 59.3 -34 26 57   9.02 7.4     ~ 1894 1
16 NAME Hor I G 02 55 31.7 -54 07 08           ~ 169 0
17 NAME Magellanic Clouds GrG 03 00 -71.0           ~ 7988 0
18 NAME Horologium II G 03 16 32.1 -50 01 05           ~ 76 0
19 NAME Reticulum II G 03 35 42.1 -54 02 57           ~ 375 0
20 [TBK2019] To 1 Cl* 03 44 19.81 -69 25 21.2           ~ 6 0
21 NAME Eridanus II G 03 44 21.1 -43 32 00           ~ 216 0
22 NAME Reticulum III G 03 45.4 -60 27           ~ 67 0
23 NAME Pic I G 04 43 47.4 -50 16 59           ~ 58 0
24 NAME Eridanus IV G 05 05 45 -09 30.9     14.72     ~ 15 0
25 OGLE-CL LMC 874 Cl* 05 10 00.84 -62 34 49.7           ~ 6 0
26 NAME LMC G 05 23 34.6 -69 45 22     0.4     ~ 19090 0
27 OGLE-CL LMC 863 Cl* 05 28 22.80 -61 43 25.3           ~ 7 0
28 NAME Col I G 05 31.4 -28 02           ~ 60 0
29 OGLE-CL LMC 845 Cl* 06 20 14.07 -73 24 52.0           ~ 9 0
30 NAME SMASH 1 GlC 06 20 59.90 -80 23 44.7           ~ 15 0
31 ESO 206-20A G 06 41 36.7 -50 57 58   22.14 11.0 19.47   ~ 1190 0
32 NAME Pic II G 06 44 43 -59 53.8           ~ 33 0
33 NAME YMCA-1 Cl? 07 23 20.9 -64 49 53           ~ 11 0
34 NAME Carina II Dwarf Galaxy G 07 36 25.6 -57 59 57           ~ 86 0
35 NAME Car III Dwarf Galaxy G 07 38 31.2 -57 53 59           ~ 81 0
36 Koposov 2 GlC 07 58 17.00 +26 15 19.4           ~ 85 1
37 NAME UMa II Galaxy G 08 51 30.0 +63 07 48     13.3     ~ 410 0
38 NAME Leo K Dwarf Galaxy LSB 09 24 06.1 +16 30 38           ~ 8 0
39 NAME Leo T G 09 34 53.4 +17 03 05     15.1     ~ 434 0
40 NAME Antlia II Dwarf Galaxy G 09 35 32.8 -36 46 02           ~ 109 0
41 NAME Segue 1 G 10 07 03.2 +16 04 25     15.3     ~ 517 1
42 Z 64-73 G 10 08 28.12 +12 18 23.4   11.3 10.0     ~ 1284 1
43 NAME Sextans dSph LSB 10 13 02.9 -01 36 53   12 10.4     ~ 921 0
44 NAME Sextans II LSB 10 25 45 -00 37.9           ~ 5 0
45 NAME UMa I Galaxy G 10 34 52.80 +51 55 12.0     14.4     ~ 355 1
46 NAME Willman 1 G 10 49 21.0 +51 03 00     15.2     ~ 345 0
47 NAME Leo Minor I Dwarf Galaxy G 10 57 03 +28 52.5     17.16     ~ 6 0
48 NAME Leo M Dwarf Galaxy LSB 11 05 21.43 +25 20 43.0           ~ 8 0
49 Z 126-111 G 11 13 28.13 +22 09 10.1   12.9 12.0     ~ 899 0
50 NAME Leo VI G 11 24 18 +24 52.4           ~ 4 0
51 NAME Leo V LSB 11 31 09.60 +02 13 12.0     16.0     ~ 234 0
52 NAME Leo IV LSB 11 32 57.0 -00 32 00     15.1     ~ 419 1
53 NAME Crater Cluster GlC 11 36 16.20 -10 52 38.8           ~ 117 1
54 NAME UMa III Cl* 11 38 49.8 +31 04 42           ~ 22 0
55 NAME Crater II Dwarf Galaxy G 11 49 14 -18 24.8           ~ 176 0
56 NAME Bliss 1 Cl* 11 50 02.64 -41 46 19.2           ~ 12 1
57 Koposov 1 GlC 11 59 18.40 +12 15 35.8           ~ 81 0
58 NAME Vir I Dwarf Galaxy LSB 12 00 09.6 -00 40 48           ~ 40 0
59 NAME Hydra II G 12 21 42.1 -31 59 07           ~ 118 0
60 NAME Virgo III Dwarf Galaxy LSB 12 25 24 +04 27.0           ~ 6 0
61 NAME Coma Dwarf Galaxy G 12 26 59.0 +23 54 15     14.1     ~ 482 1
62 NAME Centaurus I G 12 38 20 -40 54.1     14.78     ~ 29 0
63 NAME CVn II dSph G 12 57 09.6 +34 19 12     16.1     ~ 287 2
64 NAME Kim 3 Cl* 13 22 45.20 -30 36 03.6           ~ 26 0
65 NAME CVn I dSph G 13 28 03.5 +33 33 21     13.1     ~ 352 1
66 NAME Bootes III G 13 57 07.4 +26 46 30     12.6     ~ 115 1
67 NAME Bootes II G 13 58 00.0 +12 51 00     15.4     ~ 269 0
68 NAME Bootes Dwarf Spheroidal Galaxy G 14 00 00.0 +14 30 00     12.8     ~ 491 0
69 NAME Bootes V Dwarf Galaxy G 14 15 38 +32 54.8     16.84     ~ 10 0
70 EQ 144305.8-280141 Cl* 14 43 06 -28 01.7           ~ 1 0
71 DELVE 5 Cl* 14 48 25 +17 28.1     18.37     ~ 7 0
72 NAME Virgo II Dwarf Galaxy G 15 00 14 +05 54.5     17.7     ~ 5 0
73 Z 318-18 G 15 09 08.0 +67 13 21   13.60 10.6     ~ 1459 0
74 DELVE 4 Cl* 15 23 06 +27 23.7     18.08     ~ 4 0
75 NAME Bootes IV LSB 15 34 45 +43 43.6           ~ 24 0
76 NAME Draco II Gl? 15 52 47.6 +64 33 55           ~ 138 0
77 DELVE 1 Cl* 16 30 54 -00 58.3     16.19     ~ 19 0
78 NAME Hercules Dwarf Galaxy G 16 31 02.0 +12 47 30     14.0     ~ 379 1
79 Z 300-12 G 17 20 14.335 +57 55 16.39   12.40 10.6     ~ 1428 1
80 NAME SDG G 18 55 19.0 -30 32 43   4.5 3.6     ~ 2438 2
81 [TBK2019] PS1 1 Cl* 19 16 41.09 -27 49 38.0           ~ 6 0
82 DELVE 3 Cl* 19 21 35 -60 47.0     17.43     ~ 4 0
83 NAME Sagittarius II Gl? 19 52 40.5 -22 04 05           ~ 97 0
84 NAME Laevens 3 GlC 21 06 54.3 +14 58 48           ~ 43 0
85 NAME Indus I Cl* 21 08 49.970 -51 09 48.60           ~ 68 0
86 NAME Segue 3 Cl* 21 21 31.0 +19 07 02           ~ 75 0
87 [LSP2018] DES 3 Cl* 21 40 13.200 -52 32 30.48           ~ 7 0
88 NAME Pegasus IV G 21 54 09 +26 37.2           ~ 15 0
89 NAME Gru II G 22 04.1 -46 26           ~ 110 0
90 NAME Balbinot 1 Cl* 22 10 42.819 +14 56 49.03           ~ 29 0
91 NAME Kim 1 Cl* 22 11 41.30 +07 01 31.8           ~ 31 0
92 NAME HSC 1 Cl* 22 17 14 +03 28.8           ~ 6 0
93 NAME Pegasus III LSB 22 24 22.6 +05 25 12           ~ 69 0
94 NAME Aquarius 2 G 22 33 55.5 -09 19 39           ~ 66 0
95 NAME Tuc II G 22 51 55.1 -58 34 08           ~ 192 0
96 NAME Grus I G 22 56 42.4 -50 09 48           ~ 126 0
97 NAME Pisces II G 22 58 31.0 +05 57 09     16.3     ~ 283 0
98 NAME Tuc V G 23 37.4 -63 16           ~ 84 0
99 NAME Phe II G 23 39 59.4 -54 24 22           ~ 107 0
100 NAME Aquarius III G 23 48 52 -03 29.3           ~ 6 0
101 NAME Tuc III G 23 56.6 -59 36           ~ 229 0
102 NAME Local Group GrG ~ ~           ~ 9325 0

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