2026ApJ..1000..102P


Query : 2026ApJ..1000..102P

2026ApJ..1000..102P - Astrophys. J., 1000, 102 (2026/March-3)

Investigating the γ-Ray Emission from Explosive Dispersal Outflows with Fermi-LAT.

PANDEY P., LENKER II S.C., LOPEZ L.A., ROSEN A.L., LINDEN T., THOMPSON T.A., OFFNER S.S.R., AUCHETTL K. and HIRATA C.M.

Abstract (from CDS):

We present the first systematic study of explosive dispersal outflows (EDOs) as potential sources of high-energy emission in the Milky Way. EDOs are energetic outflows produced during dynamical interactions in young, massive star-forming regions, and their physical conditions make them promising environments for cosmic-ray acceleration. Using 16 yr of 0.2-500 GeV Fermi-Large Area Telescope observations, we study the γ-ray properties of seven EDOs. Three EDOs, DR21, G34.26+0.15, and G5.89-0.39, show spatially coincident GeV emission, while the remaining systems yield nondetections. Among the sample, DR21 stands out as the brightest candidate, with a detection significance ≥40σ. Its spectrum is well described by a power law with an exponential cutoff, and the integrated luminosity in the 0.1-500 GeV band is Lγ ≃ 2 × 1035 erg s–1. When compared with the outflow's estimated kinetic energy, the inferred cosmic-ray acceleration efficiency is ≤15%, consistent with values for shocks in dense molecular environments. The energetics and morphology support an association between the DR21 molecular outflow and the observed γ-rays. Our results demonstrate that EDOs span a wide range of γ-ray luminosities and efficiencies, suggesting they may contribute to the Galactic cosmic-ray budget. This motivates searches for additional EDOs and improved multiwavelength characterization of their environments.

Abstract Copyright: © 2026. The Author(s). Published by the American Astronomical Society.

Journal keyword(s): Galactic cosmic rays - Gamma-ray astronomy - Young star clusters - Star forming regions - Star formation

Simbad objects: 27

goto Full paper

goto View the references in ADS

Number of rows : 27
N Identifier Otype ICRS (J2000)
RA
ICRS (J2000)
DEC
Mag U Mag B Mag V Mag R Mag I Sp type #ref
1850 - 2026
#notes
1 NAME Orion-KL SFR 05 35 14.16 -05 22 21.5           ~ 2421 1
2 MMB G192.600-00.048 Y*O 06 12 54.0100 +17 59 23.200           ~ 430 0
3 IC 2162 HII 06 13 04.1 +17 58 44           ~ 372 2
4 NGC 2244 OpC 06 32 06.9 +04 54 19           ~ 673 1
5 RCW 38 SFR 08 59 05.50 -47 30 39.4           ~ 327 2
6 Cl Westerlund 2 OpC 10 23 58.1 -57 45 49           ~ 400 0
7 NGC 3603 OpC 11 14 57.9 -61 14 32           ~ 1136 1
8 IRAS 12326-6245 HII 12 35 35.184 -63 02 29.40           ~ 55 0
9 Cl Danks 1 OpC 13 12 29.0 -62 41 56           ~ 80 0
10 Cl Danks 2 OpC 13 12 53.3 -62 40 52           ~ 73 0
11 GAL 331.28-00.19 HII 16 11 26.6 -51 41 57           ~ 56 0
12 4FGL J1800.2-2403c ? 18 00 14.7 -24 03 57           ~ 5 0
13 RAFGL 2046 HII 18 00 32.1 -24 04 03           ~ 380 0
14 M 16 OpC 18 18 45.1 -13 47 31           ~ 1084 1
15 NAME HH 80-81 HH 18 19 06 -20 51.4           ~ 236 0
16 NGC 6618 OpC 18 20 47 -16 10.3           ~ 1700 0
17 RAFGL 2271 SFR 18 53 18.54 +01 14 57.9           ~ 537 0
18 * gam Cyg V* 20 22 13.7018357 +40 15 24.044963 3.44 2.90 2.23 1.74 1.40 F8Ib 607 0
19 NAME SH 2-106 IR Y*O 20 27 26.502 +37 22 42.03           ~ 168 1
20 NAME Cyg X Cld 20 30 04.7973633 +40 51 36.002197           ~ 962 1
21 PSR J2030+4415 Psr 20 30 51.396 +44 15 38.73           ~ 68 0
22 [MT91] 213 Psr 20 32 13.1247390384 +41 27 24.346666440 13.12 13.08 11.266     B0Vp 334 0
23 Ass Cyg OB 2 As* 20 33.2 +41 19           ~ 1023 0
24 3FGL J2038.4+4212 gam 20 38 30.0 +42 12 31           ~ 14 0
25 NAME Cyg X FIR 33 Y*O 20 38 35.9 +42 37 22           B1.5 423 1
26 DR 21 (OH) cor 20 39 01.01 +42 22 50.2           ~ 427 0
27 DR 21 SFR 20 39 01.6 +42 19 38           O4.5 1121 0

To bookmark this query, right click on this link: simbad:objects in 2026ApJ..1000..102P and select 'bookmark this link' or equivalent in the popup menu